3/14/25, 9:03 PM BIO 340 Exam 1 ACTUAL EXAM 2025 LATEST UPDATED | COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH 100% RATED CORRECT ANSWER…
BIO 340 Exam 1 ACTUAL EXAM 2025-2026 LATEST VERSION \ COMPLETE
QUESTIONS WITH 100% RATED CORRECT ANSWERS | GRADED A+
Terms in this set (196)
-DNA carries the genes
-The molecule is linear
What are characteristics of
-Most of the time it is present in the cell in its
eukaryotic chromosomes?
uncoiled form associated with proteins and RNA
(chromatin)
-Its fragile and diffuse, which is a problem for cell division
--The solution for this is to package by multiple condensation
How many centrioles do 2
centrosomes in animal cells
have?
-form around the centrosomes
-build the spindle
apparatus
Microtubules -some attach to the kinetochores
which are on the centromeres of
chromosomes during cell division.
-They help pull
the chromosomes apart during anaphase
-the DNA that makes up a chromosome
Chromatin
-Chromosomes are the pieces of DNA made up of chromatin
the identical pieces of DNA
Chromatids
… 1/39
,3/14/25, 9:03 PM BIO 340 Exam 1 ACTUAL EXAM 2025 LATEST UPDATED | COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH 100% RATED CORRECT ANSWER…
held together by centromeres
-has two parts! In the end you get four haploid cells that are
Meiosis unique
- Required for the process of each parent contributing
one set of homologs to offspring
-Diploid, they have 2 homologous copies of each chromosome
What are most animals and
plants (Haploid, Diploid,
-One copy is inherited from the mother, the other from the father
etc)?
When is the DNA copied? In phase S
Meiosis I:
1. Prophase 1
2. Metaphase 1
3. Anaphase 1
4. Telophase 1
Steps of Meiosis Meiosis II:
1. Prophase 2
2. Metaphase 2
3. Anaphase 2
4. Telophase 2
5. Cytokinesis
(1) Leptonema- chromosomes begin to condense
(2) Zygonema- The homologous chromosomes
begin to pair. Synaptonemal complex begins to
form.
Prophase 1
(3) Pachynema- synapsis completed: the chromosomes are fully
paired
(4) Diplonema- Homologous chromosomes
begin to separate but not at the
chiasmata.
(5) Diakinesis- The paired chromosomes
condense even more and are attached
to spindle fibers.
… 2/39
,3/14/25, 9:03 PM BIO 340 Exam 1 ACTUAL EXAM 2025 LATEST UPDATED | COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH 100% RATED CORRECT ANSWER…
The paired chromosomes align in
Metaphase 1
the middle of the cell.
Homologous chromosomes separate
Anaphase 1
and move to opposite sides of the
cell.
the separation of chromosomes is
Telophase 1
finished and the nuclear membrane
start to reform.
Chromosomes (each with two
Prophase 2
sister chromatids) condense and
become attached to spindle
fibers
The chromosomes line up in the middle of the
Metaphase 2
cells(remember there are two cells from meiosis one)
the sister chromatids separate and
Anaphase 2
move to opposite sides of the cell.
Chromosomes decondense and
Telophase 2
the nuclear membrane
reforms.
The four haploid daughter cells
Cytokinesis (Meiosis)
are completely separated by
nuclear membranes.
-This is where two separate chromosomes, each
consisting of two sister chromatids, exchange genetic
Chiasmata information.
-Also
known as crossing over.
-Happens between prophase 1 and metaphase 1.
ladder like structure that forms
Synaptonemal complex between two homologous chromosomes and
helps with chromosome pairing.
-Each daughter cell:
i. Has one chromosome per homologous pair
ii. Is haploid
What is the present at the end
of Meiosis I? - Each chromosome:
i. Still has two chromatids
… 3/39
, 3/14/25, 9:03 PM BIO 340 Exam 1 ACTUAL EXAM 2025 LATEST UPDATED | COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH 100% RATED CORRECT ANSWER…
ii. But the chromatids now have different information from each
other
Do homologous Yes, but not necessarily the same alleles
chromosomes have the
same genes in the same
locations?
-Mitosis: 1 diploid -> 2 diploids.
--End goal is to get idential daughter cells
What is the difference
between meiosis and mitosis? -Meiosis: 1 diploid-> 4 haploids
--End goal is to get haploid daughter cells
1. Transmission genetics
What are the levels of genetic 2. Molecular genetics
anaylsis? 3. Population genetics
Transmission Genetics The passage of genes from one generation to the next
What is the molecular A segment of DNA encoding a polypeptide (or an RNA chain)
definition of a gene?
The fundamental unit of heredity, which carries
What is a general definition of
a gene? information from one generation to the next
What are alleles? Variants of genes
How do alleles change? They change their frequency in populations
-From phenotype to genes
1. identify a biological trait of interest
What is forward genetic
2. find mutants that affect this trait
analysis?
3. look for evidence that the mutants are caused by variation at a
single gene
4. identify the DNA sequence of the gene
Gregor Mendel 19th century founder of genetics
-Blending inheritance
-Held that traits of mother and father were blended
and permanently changed in the offspring (like
What was a common
mixing paint)
misconception in the 19th
century?
… 4/39
BIO 340 Exam 1 ACTUAL EXAM 2025-2026 LATEST VERSION \ COMPLETE
QUESTIONS WITH 100% RATED CORRECT ANSWERS | GRADED A+
Terms in this set (196)
-DNA carries the genes
-The molecule is linear
What are characteristics of
-Most of the time it is present in the cell in its
eukaryotic chromosomes?
uncoiled form associated with proteins and RNA
(chromatin)
-Its fragile and diffuse, which is a problem for cell division
--The solution for this is to package by multiple condensation
How many centrioles do 2
centrosomes in animal cells
have?
-form around the centrosomes
-build the spindle
apparatus
Microtubules -some attach to the kinetochores
which are on the centromeres of
chromosomes during cell division.
-They help pull
the chromosomes apart during anaphase
-the DNA that makes up a chromosome
Chromatin
-Chromosomes are the pieces of DNA made up of chromatin
the identical pieces of DNA
Chromatids
… 1/39
,3/14/25, 9:03 PM BIO 340 Exam 1 ACTUAL EXAM 2025 LATEST UPDATED | COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH 100% RATED CORRECT ANSWER…
held together by centromeres
-has two parts! In the end you get four haploid cells that are
Meiosis unique
- Required for the process of each parent contributing
one set of homologs to offspring
-Diploid, they have 2 homologous copies of each chromosome
What are most animals and
plants (Haploid, Diploid,
-One copy is inherited from the mother, the other from the father
etc)?
When is the DNA copied? In phase S
Meiosis I:
1. Prophase 1
2. Metaphase 1
3. Anaphase 1
4. Telophase 1
Steps of Meiosis Meiosis II:
1. Prophase 2
2. Metaphase 2
3. Anaphase 2
4. Telophase 2
5. Cytokinesis
(1) Leptonema- chromosomes begin to condense
(2) Zygonema- The homologous chromosomes
begin to pair. Synaptonemal complex begins to
form.
Prophase 1
(3) Pachynema- synapsis completed: the chromosomes are fully
paired
(4) Diplonema- Homologous chromosomes
begin to separate but not at the
chiasmata.
(5) Diakinesis- The paired chromosomes
condense even more and are attached
to spindle fibers.
… 2/39
,3/14/25, 9:03 PM BIO 340 Exam 1 ACTUAL EXAM 2025 LATEST UPDATED | COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH 100% RATED CORRECT ANSWER…
The paired chromosomes align in
Metaphase 1
the middle of the cell.
Homologous chromosomes separate
Anaphase 1
and move to opposite sides of the
cell.
the separation of chromosomes is
Telophase 1
finished and the nuclear membrane
start to reform.
Chromosomes (each with two
Prophase 2
sister chromatids) condense and
become attached to spindle
fibers
The chromosomes line up in the middle of the
Metaphase 2
cells(remember there are two cells from meiosis one)
the sister chromatids separate and
Anaphase 2
move to opposite sides of the cell.
Chromosomes decondense and
Telophase 2
the nuclear membrane
reforms.
The four haploid daughter cells
Cytokinesis (Meiosis)
are completely separated by
nuclear membranes.
-This is where two separate chromosomes, each
consisting of two sister chromatids, exchange genetic
Chiasmata information.
-Also
known as crossing over.
-Happens between prophase 1 and metaphase 1.
ladder like structure that forms
Synaptonemal complex between two homologous chromosomes and
helps with chromosome pairing.
-Each daughter cell:
i. Has one chromosome per homologous pair
ii. Is haploid
What is the present at the end
of Meiosis I? - Each chromosome:
i. Still has two chromatids
… 3/39
, 3/14/25, 9:03 PM BIO 340 Exam 1 ACTUAL EXAM 2025 LATEST UPDATED | COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH 100% RATED CORRECT ANSWER…
ii. But the chromatids now have different information from each
other
Do homologous Yes, but not necessarily the same alleles
chromosomes have the
same genes in the same
locations?
-Mitosis: 1 diploid -> 2 diploids.
--End goal is to get idential daughter cells
What is the difference
between meiosis and mitosis? -Meiosis: 1 diploid-> 4 haploids
--End goal is to get haploid daughter cells
1. Transmission genetics
What are the levels of genetic 2. Molecular genetics
anaylsis? 3. Population genetics
Transmission Genetics The passage of genes from one generation to the next
What is the molecular A segment of DNA encoding a polypeptide (or an RNA chain)
definition of a gene?
The fundamental unit of heredity, which carries
What is a general definition of
a gene? information from one generation to the next
What are alleles? Variants of genes
How do alleles change? They change their frequency in populations
-From phenotype to genes
1. identify a biological trait of interest
What is forward genetic
2. find mutants that affect this trait
analysis?
3. look for evidence that the mutants are caused by variation at a
single gene
4. identify the DNA sequence of the gene
Gregor Mendel 19th century founder of genetics
-Blending inheritance
-Held that traits of mother and father were blended
and permanently changed in the offspring (like
What was a common
mixing paint)
misconception in the 19th
century?
… 4/39
