CLTM Exam Questions Correct Detailed Answers 2025 New Update
In what ways can seizures be classified? - correct answer Clinical and electrographic features
What is the incidence of new-onset seizures? - correct answer Approximately 80 per 100,000
per year
What euphemism has been frequently employed to avoid the term epilepsy? - correct answer
Seizure disorder
What is a simple partial seizure? - correct answer Consciousness is preserved; the person is
alert, can respond to questions or commands, and can remember what occurred during the
seizure.
What is a complex partial seizure? - correct answer Consciousness is altered or lost; the ability
to pay attention or respond to questions or commands is thus impaired or lost.
What is a secondarily generalized seizure? - correct answer Partial onset seizures may progress
to secondarily generalized seizures ultimately involve motor activity on both sides of the body
and can be difficult to distinguish from primary generalized seizures.
What type of onset is a tonic-clonic seizure? - correct answer Generalized or Unknown
What type of seizure onset do automatisms occur with? - correct answer Focal onset w/ motor
onset
What type of onset do Atonic seizures have? - correct answer Focal or generalized
What type of onset to clonic seizures have? - correct answer Focal or generalized
What type of onset do epileptic spasms have? - correct answer Focal, generalized, or unknown
What type of onset do hyperkinetic seizures have? - correct answer Focal
What type of onset do myoclonic seizures have? - correct answer Focal or generalized
What type of onset do Tonic seizures have? - correct answer Focal or generalized
What type of onset do autonomic seizures have? - correct answer Focal
What type of onset do behavior arrest seizures have? - correct answer Focal or Unknown
What type of onset do Cognitive seizures have? - correct answer Focal
What type of onset do Emotional seizures have? - correct answer Focal
What type of onset do sensory seizures have? - correct answer Focal
What type of onset do Tonic-Clonic seizures have? - correct answer Generalized or Unknown
What type of onset do Myoclonic-tonic-clonic seizures have? - correct answer Generalized
What type of onset do Myoclonic-atonic seizures have? - correct answer Generalized
,CLTM Exam Questions Correct Detailed Answers 2025 New Update
What type of onset do Typical Absence seizures have? - correct answer Generalized
What type of onset do Atypical Absence seizures have? - correct answer Generalized
What type of onset do Eyelid myoclonia seizures have? - correct answer Generalized
What are complex partial seizures associated with? - correct answer Loss of consciousness
Do complex partial seizures spread to both sides of the brain? - correct answer No
Where do the majority of complex partial seizures originate from? - correct answer Temporal
lobe
How long do complex partial seizures usually last? - correct answer 15 seconds to 3 minutes
What type of seizure is Todd's paralysis associated with? - correct answer Secondarily
Generalized Seizure
What is Todd's paralysis? - correct answer Focal weakness on the side contralateral to seizure
onset
How long do focal to bilateral tonic clonic seizures typically last? - correct answer 1-3 minutes
What does an EEG show during a simple partial seizure? - correct answer EEG may be normal,
or show quite localized or lateralized abnormal rhythmic activity.
What does an EEG show during complex partial seizures - correct answer Rhythmic activity,
which is often bilateral
During secondarily generalized seizures what does the EEG show? - correct answer Rhythmic
activity usually high amplitude, bilateral and diffuse, although it is usually obscured by artifact
from the abundant muscle activity
What are the major types of Generalized seizures (5)? - correct answer Absence
Myoclonic
Atonic
Tonic
Tonic-Clonic
What are Absence (petit mal) seizures? - correct answer Brief episodes, usually lasting 3-20
seconds, of staring with impairment of awareness and responsiveness.
What is a key feature to distinguish between absence and partial complex seizures? - correct
answer The lack of a postictal period following an absence seizure
At what age do Absence seizures usually begin? - correct answer 4-14 years old
,CLTM Exam Questions Correct Detailed Answers 2025 New Update
At what age do absence seizures usually resolve? - correct answer 18 years old
What is the EEG signature of absence epilepsy? - correct answer Generalized 3 Hz spike-wave
discharge
At what age do Atypical Absence seizures begin? - correct answer Usually before 6 years old
What type of absence seizures begin and end gradually? - correct answer Atypical Absence
Which type of Absence seizure is provoked by hyperventilation? - correct answer Typical
Absence
Atypical absence seizures often occur in children with what? - correct answer Global cognitive
impairment
What does the EEG show for an atypical absence seizure? - correct answer Slow spike-wave
complexes
What other types of seizures often occur in patients with atypical absence seizures? - correct
answer Tonic and Atonic
What are Myoclonic seizures? - correct answer A brief, shock-like jerk of a muscle or group of
muscles
What is Benign myoclonus? - correct answer A myoclonic jerk that occurs in healthy people,
often when falling asleep.
What does the EEG typically show during a Myoclonic seizure? - correct answer A polyspike-
and-slow-wave discharge
What is a tonic seizure? - correct answer Generalized onset, symmetric, tonic muscle
contraction of extremities with tonic flexion of waist and neck
How long does a tonic seizure normally last? - correct answer 2-20 seconds
What does the EEG show during a tonic seizure? - correct answer Sudden attenuation with
generalized low-voltage fast activity (most common) or generalized polyspike-wave.
What is an Atonic seizure? - correct answer Generalized onset with sudden loss of postural
tone. When severe results in falls. When mild produces head nods or jaw drops
How long do atonic seizures last? - correct answer Usually seconds, rarely more than 1 minute
What does the EEG show during Atonic seizures? - correct answer Sudden diffuse attenuation
or generalized polyspike-wave
How long do Generalized tonic-clonic seizures last? - correct answer 30-120 seconds
What is associated with the Tonic phase of a GTC? - correct answer Stiffening and fall
, CLTM Exam Questions Correct Detailed Answers 2025 New Update
Often associated with ictal cry
What is associated with the clonic phase of a GTC? - correct answer Rhythmic extremity jerking
What does the EEG show during a Generalized Tonic Clonic Seizure? - correct answer
Generalized polyspikes
What are the 3 types of Localization-Related Epilepsies and Syndromes? - correct answer
Idiopathic
Symptomatic
Cryptogenic
What are the types of Localization related Idiopathic epilepsies? - correct answer Benign
childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (Rolandic epilepsy) &
Childhood epilepsy with occipital paroxysms
What are the types of Localization related symptomatic Epilepsies? - correct answer Chronic
progressive epilepsia partialis continua of childhood ('Rasmussen's encephalitis')
Frontal lobe epilepsies
Occipital lobe epilepsies
Parietal lobe epilepsies
Temporal lobe epilepsies
What syndrome is benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes? - correct answer
Rolandic epilepsy
What syndrome is chronic progressive epilepsia partialis continua of childhood? - correct
answer Rasmussen's Encephalitis
What are the two types of Generalized Epilepsies and Syndromes? - correct answer Idiopathic
(with age-related onset)
Cryptogenic or Symptomatic
What are the types of Idiopathic Generalized epilepies and syndromes? (6) - correct answer
Benign neonatal familial convulsions;
Benign neonatal convulsions
Benign myoclonic epilepsy in childhood
Childhood absence epilepsy (pyknolepsy)
Juvenile absence epilepsy
In what ways can seizures be classified? - correct answer Clinical and electrographic features
What is the incidence of new-onset seizures? - correct answer Approximately 80 per 100,000
per year
What euphemism has been frequently employed to avoid the term epilepsy? - correct answer
Seizure disorder
What is a simple partial seizure? - correct answer Consciousness is preserved; the person is
alert, can respond to questions or commands, and can remember what occurred during the
seizure.
What is a complex partial seizure? - correct answer Consciousness is altered or lost; the ability
to pay attention or respond to questions or commands is thus impaired or lost.
What is a secondarily generalized seizure? - correct answer Partial onset seizures may progress
to secondarily generalized seizures ultimately involve motor activity on both sides of the body
and can be difficult to distinguish from primary generalized seizures.
What type of onset is a tonic-clonic seizure? - correct answer Generalized or Unknown
What type of seizure onset do automatisms occur with? - correct answer Focal onset w/ motor
onset
What type of onset do Atonic seizures have? - correct answer Focal or generalized
What type of onset to clonic seizures have? - correct answer Focal or generalized
What type of onset do epileptic spasms have? - correct answer Focal, generalized, or unknown
What type of onset do hyperkinetic seizures have? - correct answer Focal
What type of onset do myoclonic seizures have? - correct answer Focal or generalized
What type of onset do Tonic seizures have? - correct answer Focal or generalized
What type of onset do autonomic seizures have? - correct answer Focal
What type of onset do behavior arrest seizures have? - correct answer Focal or Unknown
What type of onset do Cognitive seizures have? - correct answer Focal
What type of onset do Emotional seizures have? - correct answer Focal
What type of onset do sensory seizures have? - correct answer Focal
What type of onset do Tonic-Clonic seizures have? - correct answer Generalized or Unknown
What type of onset do Myoclonic-tonic-clonic seizures have? - correct answer Generalized
What type of onset do Myoclonic-atonic seizures have? - correct answer Generalized
,CLTM Exam Questions Correct Detailed Answers 2025 New Update
What type of onset do Typical Absence seizures have? - correct answer Generalized
What type of onset do Atypical Absence seizures have? - correct answer Generalized
What type of onset do Eyelid myoclonia seizures have? - correct answer Generalized
What are complex partial seizures associated with? - correct answer Loss of consciousness
Do complex partial seizures spread to both sides of the brain? - correct answer No
Where do the majority of complex partial seizures originate from? - correct answer Temporal
lobe
How long do complex partial seizures usually last? - correct answer 15 seconds to 3 minutes
What type of seizure is Todd's paralysis associated with? - correct answer Secondarily
Generalized Seizure
What is Todd's paralysis? - correct answer Focal weakness on the side contralateral to seizure
onset
How long do focal to bilateral tonic clonic seizures typically last? - correct answer 1-3 minutes
What does an EEG show during a simple partial seizure? - correct answer EEG may be normal,
or show quite localized or lateralized abnormal rhythmic activity.
What does an EEG show during complex partial seizures - correct answer Rhythmic activity,
which is often bilateral
During secondarily generalized seizures what does the EEG show? - correct answer Rhythmic
activity usually high amplitude, bilateral and diffuse, although it is usually obscured by artifact
from the abundant muscle activity
What are the major types of Generalized seizures (5)? - correct answer Absence
Myoclonic
Atonic
Tonic
Tonic-Clonic
What are Absence (petit mal) seizures? - correct answer Brief episodes, usually lasting 3-20
seconds, of staring with impairment of awareness and responsiveness.
What is a key feature to distinguish between absence and partial complex seizures? - correct
answer The lack of a postictal period following an absence seizure
At what age do Absence seizures usually begin? - correct answer 4-14 years old
,CLTM Exam Questions Correct Detailed Answers 2025 New Update
At what age do absence seizures usually resolve? - correct answer 18 years old
What is the EEG signature of absence epilepsy? - correct answer Generalized 3 Hz spike-wave
discharge
At what age do Atypical Absence seizures begin? - correct answer Usually before 6 years old
What type of absence seizures begin and end gradually? - correct answer Atypical Absence
Which type of Absence seizure is provoked by hyperventilation? - correct answer Typical
Absence
Atypical absence seizures often occur in children with what? - correct answer Global cognitive
impairment
What does the EEG show for an atypical absence seizure? - correct answer Slow spike-wave
complexes
What other types of seizures often occur in patients with atypical absence seizures? - correct
answer Tonic and Atonic
What are Myoclonic seizures? - correct answer A brief, shock-like jerk of a muscle or group of
muscles
What is Benign myoclonus? - correct answer A myoclonic jerk that occurs in healthy people,
often when falling asleep.
What does the EEG typically show during a Myoclonic seizure? - correct answer A polyspike-
and-slow-wave discharge
What is a tonic seizure? - correct answer Generalized onset, symmetric, tonic muscle
contraction of extremities with tonic flexion of waist and neck
How long does a tonic seizure normally last? - correct answer 2-20 seconds
What does the EEG show during a tonic seizure? - correct answer Sudden attenuation with
generalized low-voltage fast activity (most common) or generalized polyspike-wave.
What is an Atonic seizure? - correct answer Generalized onset with sudden loss of postural
tone. When severe results in falls. When mild produces head nods or jaw drops
How long do atonic seizures last? - correct answer Usually seconds, rarely more than 1 minute
What does the EEG show during Atonic seizures? - correct answer Sudden diffuse attenuation
or generalized polyspike-wave
How long do Generalized tonic-clonic seizures last? - correct answer 30-120 seconds
What is associated with the Tonic phase of a GTC? - correct answer Stiffening and fall
, CLTM Exam Questions Correct Detailed Answers 2025 New Update
Often associated with ictal cry
What is associated with the clonic phase of a GTC? - correct answer Rhythmic extremity jerking
What does the EEG show during a Generalized Tonic Clonic Seizure? - correct answer
Generalized polyspikes
What are the 3 types of Localization-Related Epilepsies and Syndromes? - correct answer
Idiopathic
Symptomatic
Cryptogenic
What are the types of Localization related Idiopathic epilepsies? - correct answer Benign
childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (Rolandic epilepsy) &
Childhood epilepsy with occipital paroxysms
What are the types of Localization related symptomatic Epilepsies? - correct answer Chronic
progressive epilepsia partialis continua of childhood ('Rasmussen's encephalitis')
Frontal lobe epilepsies
Occipital lobe epilepsies
Parietal lobe epilepsies
Temporal lobe epilepsies
What syndrome is benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes? - correct answer
Rolandic epilepsy
What syndrome is chronic progressive epilepsia partialis continua of childhood? - correct
answer Rasmussen's Encephalitis
What are the two types of Generalized Epilepsies and Syndromes? - correct answer Idiopathic
(with age-related onset)
Cryptogenic or Symptomatic
What are the types of Idiopathic Generalized epilepies and syndromes? (6) - correct answer
Benign neonatal familial convulsions;
Benign neonatal convulsions
Benign myoclonic epilepsy in childhood
Childhood absence epilepsy (pyknolepsy)
Juvenile absence epilepsy
