,Chapter 1—Molecular Reasons
l l
MULTIPLElCHOICE
1. Whichlofltheselislthelbestldefinitionloflmatter?
a. Thelpullloflgravitylonlanlobject.
b. Anythinglthatlhaslweightlandlvolume.
c. Anythinglthatlhaslmasslandloccupieslspace.
d. Anythinglthatlisldirectlylproportionalltolweight.
e. Thelmeasureloflthelamountloflspacelanlobjectloccupies.
ANS:l C PTS:l 1
2. Whichlofltheselstatementslislcorrect?
a. Thelamountloflcarbonlonlearthlislessentiallylconstant.
b. Thelamountloflcarbonlonlearthlfluctuateslwithlthelseasons.
c. Thelamountloflcarbonlonlearthlislincreasingldueltolplantlandlanimallgrowth.
d. Thelamountloflcarbonlonlearthlisldecreasingldueltolconsumptionloflcarbonlbasedlfuels.
e. BothlBlandlClarelcorrect.
ANS:l A PTS:l 1
3. ThelFrenchlchemistlAntoinelLavoisierlfoundlthatlthelweightloflobjectslbeforelburninglandlthelweightloflth
elproductslafterlburninglwerelequal.lHelconcludedlthatltheltotallweightldidlnotlchangelduringlalprocess.l
WhichlofltheselbestldescribeslLavoisier'slconclusion?
a. Fromlobservation,lLavoisierlcreatedlalscientificllaw.
b. Fromlobservation,lLavoisierlcreatedlalscientificltheory.
c. Fromlscientificllaw,lLavoisierlcreatedlalscientificltheory.
d. Fromlexperimentation,lLavoisierlcreatedlalscientificllaw.
e. Fromlobservation,lLavoisierlcreatedlalscientificlconclusion.
ANS:l A PTS:l 1
4. Whenlusinglthelscientificlmethod,lbeforelexperimentslareldonela
shouldlbelestablished.
a. hypothesis
b. law
c. theory
d. conclusion
ANS:l A PTS:l 1
5. Alstatementlwhichlsummarizesltheldatalobtainedlfromlalseriesloflobservationslislknownlasla(n)
l .
a. observation
b. Law
c. theory
d. conclusion
e. experiment
ANS:l B PTS:l 1
TestlBank ChemistrylinlFocus,l5e 1
, 6. Whichlofltheselislnotlpartloflthelscientificlmethod?
a. observation
b. law
c. theory
d. conclusion
e. experiment
ANS:l D PTS:l 1
7. Whichlofltheselislthelbestldefinitionloflalscientificltheory?
a. Alpredictionlbasedlonlallimitedlnumberloflobservations.
b. Almethodloflexplaininglobservationslthatlappearslcontradictory.
c. Albroadlylapplicablelgeneralizationlwithlvirtuallylnolexceptions.
d. Almethodlforlapproachinglproblemslthatlislusedlbylalllscientists.
e. Altentativelmodellthatldescribeslthelunderlyinglcauseloflalphysicallbehavior.
ANS:l E PTS:l 1
8. Whichlofltheselislthelbestldefinitionloflalscientificllaw?
a. Alpredictionlbasedlonlallimitedlnumberloflobservations.
b. Almethodloflexplaininglobservationslthatlappearlcontradictory.
c. Albroadlylapplicablelgeneralizationlwithlvirtuallylnolexceptions.
d. Almethodlforlapproachinglproblemslthatlislusedlbylalllscientists.
e. Alrulelmadelbylscientistsltolensurelconsistencylinltheirlobservations.
ANS:l C PTS:l 1
9. A(n) islanlexplanationloflalscientificlobservation.
a. law
b. theory
c. conclusion
d. prediction
e. epiphany
ANS:l B PTS:l 1
10. Whichlofltheselislnotlalrequirementloflalscientificallylacceptableltheory?
a. Goodlpredictivelpowerlofltheltheory.
b. Provenlbyladditionallexperimentation.
c. Soundlreasoninglforlalparticularlobservation.
d. Easilylrevisedltolaccommodatelnewlobservations
e. Provideslmodelloflbehaviorlconsistentlwithlotherlwidelylacceptedltheories.
ANS:l B PTS:l 1
11. Whichlofltheselstatementslaboutlthelscientificlmethodlislincorrect?
a. Itlislnotlalgrouploflabsoluteltruths.
b. Itluseslexperimentslthatlarelreproducible
c. Itlislusedlforltestinglclaimslaboutlthelnaturallworld.
d. Itlrequiresloneltolproposelaltheorylandlperformlexperimentsltolgivelresultslwhichlconfirmlorldi
sclaimltheltheory.
e. Alllofltheselarelcorrectlstatements.l
ANS:l E PTS:l 1
TestlBank ChemistrylinlFocus,l5e 2
, 12. Tolexplainlnaturallphenomenalscientistslmust .
a. havelanlopinion.
b. makelobservations.
c. guesslcorrectlylmostlofltheltime.
d. agreelwithlexistingltheories.
ANS:l B PTS:l 1
13. Whichlscientistlfirstltheorizedlthatlmatterlwaslultimatelylcomposedloflsmalllindivisiblelparticleslcall
edlatoms?
a. Dalton
b. Lavoisier
c. Empedocles
d. Plato
e. Democritus
ANS:l E PTS:l 1
14. Thelhistoricallpredecessorltolchemistrylislknownlas .
a. alchemy
b. pre-chemistry
c. biology
d. biochemistry
e. physicallscience
ANS:l A PTS:l 1
15. WhichlofltheselcontributionsldidlAlchemistsloflthelMiddlelAgeslmakeltolmodernlscience?
a. sunlcenteredluniverselandlmetallurgy
b. metallurgylandldevelopmentloflscientificltechniques
c. scientificlmethodlandlthelLawloflConservationloflMass
d. LawloflConservationloflMatterlandlThelFirstlAtomiclTheory
e. LawloflConservationloflMasslandlthelLawloflConstantlComposition
ANS:l B PTS:l 1
16. Thaleslbelievedlthat islthelprinciplelelementloflalllthings.
a. earth
b. air
c. fire
d. water
e. gold
ANS:l D PTS:l 1
17. Whichlscientistlislincorrectlylmatchedlwithlhislidealorltheory?
scientist theory
I. Copernicus alsunlcenteredluniverse
II. Dalton AtomiclTheory
III. Galileo alsunlcenteredluniverse
IV. Vesalius Matterlislcomposedloflsmalllindivisiblelparticles.
V. Boyle Thelsimplestlformloflalsubstancelislanlelement.
TestlBank ChemistrylinlFocus,l5e 3
l l
MULTIPLElCHOICE
1. Whichlofltheselislthelbestldefinitionloflmatter?
a. Thelpullloflgravitylonlanlobject.
b. Anythinglthatlhaslweightlandlvolume.
c. Anythinglthatlhaslmasslandloccupieslspace.
d. Anythinglthatlisldirectlylproportionalltolweight.
e. Thelmeasureloflthelamountloflspacelanlobjectloccupies.
ANS:l C PTS:l 1
2. Whichlofltheselstatementslislcorrect?
a. Thelamountloflcarbonlonlearthlislessentiallylconstant.
b. Thelamountloflcarbonlonlearthlfluctuateslwithlthelseasons.
c. Thelamountloflcarbonlonlearthlislincreasingldueltolplantlandlanimallgrowth.
d. Thelamountloflcarbonlonlearthlisldecreasingldueltolconsumptionloflcarbonlbasedlfuels.
e. BothlBlandlClarelcorrect.
ANS:l A PTS:l 1
3. ThelFrenchlchemistlAntoinelLavoisierlfoundlthatlthelweightloflobjectslbeforelburninglandlthelweightloflth
elproductslafterlburninglwerelequal.lHelconcludedlthatltheltotallweightldidlnotlchangelduringlalprocess.l
WhichlofltheselbestldescribeslLavoisier'slconclusion?
a. Fromlobservation,lLavoisierlcreatedlalscientificllaw.
b. Fromlobservation,lLavoisierlcreatedlalscientificltheory.
c. Fromlscientificllaw,lLavoisierlcreatedlalscientificltheory.
d. Fromlexperimentation,lLavoisierlcreatedlalscientificllaw.
e. Fromlobservation,lLavoisierlcreatedlalscientificlconclusion.
ANS:l A PTS:l 1
4. Whenlusinglthelscientificlmethod,lbeforelexperimentslareldonela
shouldlbelestablished.
a. hypothesis
b. law
c. theory
d. conclusion
ANS:l A PTS:l 1
5. Alstatementlwhichlsummarizesltheldatalobtainedlfromlalseriesloflobservationslislknownlasla(n)
l .
a. observation
b. Law
c. theory
d. conclusion
e. experiment
ANS:l B PTS:l 1
TestlBank ChemistrylinlFocus,l5e 1
, 6. Whichlofltheselislnotlpartloflthelscientificlmethod?
a. observation
b. law
c. theory
d. conclusion
e. experiment
ANS:l D PTS:l 1
7. Whichlofltheselislthelbestldefinitionloflalscientificltheory?
a. Alpredictionlbasedlonlallimitedlnumberloflobservations.
b. Almethodloflexplaininglobservationslthatlappearslcontradictory.
c. Albroadlylapplicablelgeneralizationlwithlvirtuallylnolexceptions.
d. Almethodlforlapproachinglproblemslthatlislusedlbylalllscientists.
e. Altentativelmodellthatldescribeslthelunderlyinglcauseloflalphysicallbehavior.
ANS:l E PTS:l 1
8. Whichlofltheselislthelbestldefinitionloflalscientificllaw?
a. Alpredictionlbasedlonlallimitedlnumberloflobservations.
b. Almethodloflexplaininglobservationslthatlappearlcontradictory.
c. Albroadlylapplicablelgeneralizationlwithlvirtuallylnolexceptions.
d. Almethodlforlapproachinglproblemslthatlislusedlbylalllscientists.
e. Alrulelmadelbylscientistsltolensurelconsistencylinltheirlobservations.
ANS:l C PTS:l 1
9. A(n) islanlexplanationloflalscientificlobservation.
a. law
b. theory
c. conclusion
d. prediction
e. epiphany
ANS:l B PTS:l 1
10. Whichlofltheselislnotlalrequirementloflalscientificallylacceptableltheory?
a. Goodlpredictivelpowerlofltheltheory.
b. Provenlbyladditionallexperimentation.
c. Soundlreasoninglforlalparticularlobservation.
d. Easilylrevisedltolaccommodatelnewlobservations
e. Provideslmodelloflbehaviorlconsistentlwithlotherlwidelylacceptedltheories.
ANS:l B PTS:l 1
11. Whichlofltheselstatementslaboutlthelscientificlmethodlislincorrect?
a. Itlislnotlalgrouploflabsoluteltruths.
b. Itluseslexperimentslthatlarelreproducible
c. Itlislusedlforltestinglclaimslaboutlthelnaturallworld.
d. Itlrequiresloneltolproposelaltheorylandlperformlexperimentsltolgivelresultslwhichlconfirmlorldi
sclaimltheltheory.
e. Alllofltheselarelcorrectlstatements.l
ANS:l E PTS:l 1
TestlBank ChemistrylinlFocus,l5e 2
, 12. Tolexplainlnaturallphenomenalscientistslmust .
a. havelanlopinion.
b. makelobservations.
c. guesslcorrectlylmostlofltheltime.
d. agreelwithlexistingltheories.
ANS:l B PTS:l 1
13. Whichlscientistlfirstltheorizedlthatlmatterlwaslultimatelylcomposedloflsmalllindivisiblelparticleslcall
edlatoms?
a. Dalton
b. Lavoisier
c. Empedocles
d. Plato
e. Democritus
ANS:l E PTS:l 1
14. Thelhistoricallpredecessorltolchemistrylislknownlas .
a. alchemy
b. pre-chemistry
c. biology
d. biochemistry
e. physicallscience
ANS:l A PTS:l 1
15. WhichlofltheselcontributionsldidlAlchemistsloflthelMiddlelAgeslmakeltolmodernlscience?
a. sunlcenteredluniverselandlmetallurgy
b. metallurgylandldevelopmentloflscientificltechniques
c. scientificlmethodlandlthelLawloflConservationloflMass
d. LawloflConservationloflMatterlandlThelFirstlAtomiclTheory
e. LawloflConservationloflMasslandlthelLawloflConstantlComposition
ANS:l B PTS:l 1
16. Thaleslbelievedlthat islthelprinciplelelementloflalllthings.
a. earth
b. air
c. fire
d. water
e. gold
ANS:l D PTS:l 1
17. Whichlscientistlislincorrectlylmatchedlwithlhislidealorltheory?
scientist theory
I. Copernicus alsunlcenteredluniverse
II. Dalton AtomiclTheory
III. Galileo alsunlcenteredluniverse
IV. Vesalius Matterlislcomposedloflsmalllindivisiblelparticles.
V. Boyle Thelsimplestlformloflalsubstancelislanlelement.
TestlBank ChemistrylinlFocus,l5e 3
