Bontrager Chapter 1 Questions with Correct Answers Graded A+
Osteology - Answers Study of bones
Axial skeleton - Answers All the bones that lie on or near the central axis of the body (80 bones)
Appendicular skeleton - Answers All bones of extremities, and shoulder and pelvic girdles (126 bones)
Long bones - Answers Consist of body and two ends or extremities
Short bones - Answers Cuboidal and found only in wrists and ankles (carpals and tarsals)
Flat bones - Answers Consists of two plates of compact bone with cancellous bone and marrow between
them
Irregular bones - Answers Bones with peculiar shapes
Diploe - Answers Narrow space between inner and outer table of flat bones within the cranium
Ossification - Answers Process by which bones form within the body (begins at about 6th embryonic
week and continues until adulthood)
Intramembranous - Answers Bone formation- when bone replaces membranes (occurs rapidly)
Endochondral - Answers Bone formation- when bone replaces cartilage (slower)
Arthrology - Answers The study of joints or articulations
Synarthrosis - Answers Immovable joint
Amphiarthrosis - Answers Joint with limited movement
Diarthrosis - Answers Freely movable joint
Types of functional joints - Answers Synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis
Anatomy - Answers The study, classification, and description of the structure and organs of the human
body
Physiology - Answers Deals with processes and functions of the body, or how body parts work
Chemical level - Answers Lowest level of structural organization
Cell - Answers Basic unit (structural and functional)
Tissues - Answers Groups of similar cells that perform a special function
Types of tissues - Answers Epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous
, Epithelial tissue - Answers Tissues that cover internal and external surfaces of the body - including lining
of vessels and organs
Connective tissue - Answers Supportive tissues that bind and support various structures
Organs - Answers Tissues joined to perform specific function
System - Answers Group of organs that have a common function
Organism - Answers The 10 systems of the body when functioning together
Skeletal system - Answers 206 separate bones and their associated cartilages and joints
Functions of the skeletal system (4) - Answers 1. Support and protect many soft tissues of the body 2.
Allow movement through interaction with muscles to form a system of levers 3. To produce blood cells
4. To store calcium
Circulatory system - Answers The cardiovascular organs (heart, blood, and blood vessels) and lymphatic
system (lymph nodes, lymph vessels, lymph glands, and spleen)
Functions of the cardiovascular system (6) - Answers 1) to distribute O2 and nutrients to cells 2) to carry
cell waste and CO2 from cells 3) to transport H2O, electrolytes, hormones, and enzymes 4) to protect
against disease 5) to prevent hemorrhage by forming blood clots 6) to help regulate body temperature
Digestive system - Answers Alimentary canal (mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine,
large intestine, and anus) and accessory organs (salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas)
Functions of the digestive system (2) - Answers 1) to prepare food for absorption by the cells through
physical and chemical breakdown processes 2) to eliminate solid wastes from body
Respiratory system - Answers Connects lungs to outside atmosphere (nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx,
trachea, and bronchial tree)
Functions of the respiratory system (3) - Answers 1) supply O2 to the blood and eventually cells 2)
eliminate CO2 from blood 3) assist in regulating acid-base balance of blood
Urinary system - Answers Organs - kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra
Functions of the urinary system (4) - Answers 1) regulate chemical composition of blood 2) eliminate
many waste products 3) regulate fluid and electrolyte balance and volume 4) maintain the acid-base
balance of the body
Reproductive system - Answers Organs that produce, transport, and store the germ cells (male: vas
deferens, prostate gland, penis, testes) (female: ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina)
Function of reproductive system - Answers Reproduce the organism
Osteology - Answers Study of bones
Axial skeleton - Answers All the bones that lie on or near the central axis of the body (80 bones)
Appendicular skeleton - Answers All bones of extremities, and shoulder and pelvic girdles (126 bones)
Long bones - Answers Consist of body and two ends or extremities
Short bones - Answers Cuboidal and found only in wrists and ankles (carpals and tarsals)
Flat bones - Answers Consists of two plates of compact bone with cancellous bone and marrow between
them
Irregular bones - Answers Bones with peculiar shapes
Diploe - Answers Narrow space between inner and outer table of flat bones within the cranium
Ossification - Answers Process by which bones form within the body (begins at about 6th embryonic
week and continues until adulthood)
Intramembranous - Answers Bone formation- when bone replaces membranes (occurs rapidly)
Endochondral - Answers Bone formation- when bone replaces cartilage (slower)
Arthrology - Answers The study of joints or articulations
Synarthrosis - Answers Immovable joint
Amphiarthrosis - Answers Joint with limited movement
Diarthrosis - Answers Freely movable joint
Types of functional joints - Answers Synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis
Anatomy - Answers The study, classification, and description of the structure and organs of the human
body
Physiology - Answers Deals with processes and functions of the body, or how body parts work
Chemical level - Answers Lowest level of structural organization
Cell - Answers Basic unit (structural and functional)
Tissues - Answers Groups of similar cells that perform a special function
Types of tissues - Answers Epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous
, Epithelial tissue - Answers Tissues that cover internal and external surfaces of the body - including lining
of vessels and organs
Connective tissue - Answers Supportive tissues that bind and support various structures
Organs - Answers Tissues joined to perform specific function
System - Answers Group of organs that have a common function
Organism - Answers The 10 systems of the body when functioning together
Skeletal system - Answers 206 separate bones and their associated cartilages and joints
Functions of the skeletal system (4) - Answers 1. Support and protect many soft tissues of the body 2.
Allow movement through interaction with muscles to form a system of levers 3. To produce blood cells
4. To store calcium
Circulatory system - Answers The cardiovascular organs (heart, blood, and blood vessels) and lymphatic
system (lymph nodes, lymph vessels, lymph glands, and spleen)
Functions of the cardiovascular system (6) - Answers 1) to distribute O2 and nutrients to cells 2) to carry
cell waste and CO2 from cells 3) to transport H2O, electrolytes, hormones, and enzymes 4) to protect
against disease 5) to prevent hemorrhage by forming blood clots 6) to help regulate body temperature
Digestive system - Answers Alimentary canal (mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine,
large intestine, and anus) and accessory organs (salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas)
Functions of the digestive system (2) - Answers 1) to prepare food for absorption by the cells through
physical and chemical breakdown processes 2) to eliminate solid wastes from body
Respiratory system - Answers Connects lungs to outside atmosphere (nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx,
trachea, and bronchial tree)
Functions of the respiratory system (3) - Answers 1) supply O2 to the blood and eventually cells 2)
eliminate CO2 from blood 3) assist in regulating acid-base balance of blood
Urinary system - Answers Organs - kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra
Functions of the urinary system (4) - Answers 1) regulate chemical composition of blood 2) eliminate
many waste products 3) regulate fluid and electrolyte balance and volume 4) maintain the acid-base
balance of the body
Reproductive system - Answers Organs that produce, transport, and store the germ cells (male: vas
deferens, prostate gland, penis, testes) (female: ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina)
Function of reproductive system - Answers Reproduce the organism
