test bank for understanding pathophysiology 7th edition_by_huether

TESTYBANKYFORYUNDERSTANDINGYPATHOPHYSIOLOGYY7THYEDITIONYBYYHUETHER

Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
Y Y Y


Huether: Understanding Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
Y Y Y Y




MULTIPLEYCHOICE

1. AYstudentYisYobservingYaYcellYunderYtheYmicroscope.YItYisYobse
rvedYtoYhaveYsupercoiledYDNAwithYhistones.YWhichYofYtheYfol
lowingYwouldYalsoYbeYobservedYbyYtheYstudent?
a. AYsingleYcircularYchromosome
b. AYnucleus
c. Free-floatingYnuclearYmaterial
d. NoYorganelles
ANS:Y B
TheYcellYdescribedYisYaYeukaryoticYcell,YsoYitYhasYhistonesYandY
aYsupercoiledYDNAYwithinYitsnucleus;Ythus,YtheYnucleusYshoul
dY beYobserved.YAYsingleYcircularYchromosomeYcalledYaYprokar
yoteYcontainsYfree-
floating nuclear material but has no organelles.
2. AYnurseYisYinstructingYtheYstaffYaboutYcellularYfunctions.YWhichYcellularYfunctionYisYtheYnurs
eYdescribingYwhenYanYisolatedYcellYabsorbsYoxygenYandYusesYitYtoYtransformYnutrientsYtoYener
gy?
a. MetabolicYabsorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS:Y D
TheYcell’sYabilityYtoYabsorbYoxygenYisYreferredYtoYasYrespirationYwhileYitsYcommunicationYabilityYin
volvesYmaintenanceYofYaYs te adNy YdynamicYstate,YmetabolicYabsorptionYprovidesYnutrition,YandYsecr
etionYallowsYforYtheYsynthesizingYofYnewYsubstances.

3. AYeukaryoticYcellYisYundergoingYDNAYreplication.YInYwhichYregionYofYtheYcellYwouldYmostY
ofYtheYgeneticYinformationYbeYcontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. NucleusYcytoplasm

ANS:Y C
TheYregionYofYtheYcellYthatYcontainsYgeneticYmaterial,YincludingYaYlargeYamountYofYribonucleic
Yacid,YmostYofYtheYDNA,YandYDNA-

bindingYproteins,YisYtheYnucleolus,YwhichYisYlocatedYwithinYtheYcell’sYnucleus.YMitochondriaYi
sYassociatedYwithYcellularYrespirationYwhileYribosomesYareYinvolvedYwithYproteinYmanufacturi
ng.YCytoplasmYisYaYfluidYfillingYthatYisYaYcomponentYofYtheYcell.

4. WhichYofYtheYfollowingYcanYremoveYproteinsYattachedYtoYtheYcell’sYbilayerYbyYdissolvingYt
heYlayerYitself?
a. PeripheralYmembraneYproteins
b. IntegralYmembraneYproteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. CellYadhesionYmolecules

,TESTYBANKYFORYUNDERSTANDINGYPATHOPHYSIOLOGYY7THYEDITIONYBYYHUETHER

ANS:Y B
ProteinsYdirectlyYattachedYtoYtheYmembraneYbilayerYcanYbeYremovedYbyYtheYactionYofYintegralY
membraneYproteinsYthatYdissolveYtheYbilayer.YPeripheralYmembraneYproteinsYresideYatYtheYsur
faceYwhileYcellYadhesionYmoleculesYareYonYtheYoutsideYofYtheYmembrane.YGlycoproteinYmark
sYcellsYandYdoesYnotYfloat.

5. WhichYofYtheYfollowingYcanYbindYtoYplasmaYmembraneYreceptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. AmphipathicYlipids
d. Ligands
ANS:Y D
LigandsYareYtheYonlyYspecificYmoleculesYthatYcanYbindYwithYreceptorsYonYtheYcellYmembrane.

6. AYnurseYisYreviewingYaYreportYfromYaYpatientYwithYmetastaticYcancer.YWhatYalternationYinYt
heYextracellularYmatrixYwouldYsupportYtheYdiagnosisYofYmetastaticYcancer?
a. DecreasedYfibronectin
b. IncreasedYcollagen
c. DecreasedYelastin
d. IncreasedYglycoproteins
ANS:Y A
OnlyYaYreducedYamountYofYfibronectinYisYfoundYinYsomeYtypesYofYcancerousYcells,YallowingYth
emYtoYtravelYorYmetastasize.

7. WhichYformYofYcellYcommunicationYisYusedYtoYrelateYtoYotherYcellsYinYdirectYphysicalYcontact?
a. CellYjunction N
b. GapYjunction
c. Desmosome
d. TightYjunction
ANS:Y A
CellYjunctionsYholdYcellsYtogetherYandYpermitYmoleculesYtoYpassYfromYcellYtoYcell.YGapYjunctionsYal
lowYforYcellularYcommunicationYbetweenYcells.YNeitherYdesmosomesYnorYtightYjunctionsYareYassoc
iatedYwithYcellularYcommunication.

8. PancreaticYbetaYcellsYsecreteYinsulin,YwhichYinhibitsYsecretionYofYglucagonYfromYneighborin
gYalphaYcells.YThisYactionYisYanYexampleYofYwhichYofYtheYfollowingYsignalingYtypes?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal

ANS:Y A
ParacrineYsignalingYinvolvesYtheYreleaseYofYlocalYchemicalYmediatorsYthatYareYquicklyYtakenYu
p,Ydestroyed,YorYimmobilized,YasYinYtheYcaseYofYinsulinYandYtheYinhibitionYofYtheYsecretionYofY
glucagon.YNoneYofYtheYotherYoptionsYinvolveYsignalingYthatYisYassociatedYwithYaYlocalYchemic
alYmediatorYlikeYinsulin.

9. InYcellularYmetabolism,YeachYenzymeYhasYaYhighYaffinityYforYa:
a. solute.

, TESTYBANKYFORYUNDERSTANDINGYPATHOPHYSIOLOGYY7THYEDITIONYBYYHUETHER

b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.

ANS:Y B
EachYenzymeYhasYaYhighYaffinityYforYaYsubstrate,YaYspecificYsubstanceYconvertedYtoYaYproductY
ofYtheYreaction.YCellularYmetabolismYisYnotYdependentYonYanYattractionYbetweenYanYenzymeYa
ndYanyYofYtheYremainingYoptions.

10. AnYathleteYrunsYaYmarathon,YafterYwhichYhisYmusclesYfeelYfatiguedYandYunableYtoYcontract.YTh
eYathleteYasksYtheYnurseYwhyYthisYhappened.YTheYnurse’sYresponseYisYbasedYonYtheYknowledgeY
thatYtheYproblemYisYresultYofYaYdeficiencyYof:
a. GTP.
b. AMP.
c. ATP.
d. GMP.

ANS:Y C
WhenYATPYisYdeficient,YimpairedYmuscleYcontractionYresults.YNoneYofYtheYotherYoptionsYareYi
nvolvedYinYmuscleYcontraction.

11. WhichYphaseYofYcatabolismYproducesYtheYmostYATP?
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. CitricYacidYcycle

ANS:Y D N
WhileYsomeYATPYisYproducedYduringYtheYoxidationYandYglycolysisYphases,Y mostYofYtheYATPYis
generatedYduringYtheYcitricYacidYcycle.YDigestionYdoesYnotYproduceYanyYATP.

12. AYnurseYisYteachingYtheYstaffYaboutYtheYphasesYofYcellularYcatabolism.YWhichYphasesYshouldYt
heYnurseYinclude?
a. Digestion,Yglycolysis,Yoxidation,YandYtheYcitricYacidYcycle
b. Diffusion,Yosmosis,YandYmediatedYtransport
c. SYphase,YGYphase,YandYMYphase
d. MetabolicYabsorption,Yrespiration,YandYexcretion
ANS:Y A
OnlyYdigestion,Yglycolysis,Yoxidation,YandYtheYcitricYacidYcycleYareYtheYphasesYofYcellularYcata
bolism.

13. AYrunnerYhasYdepletedYallYtheYoxygenYavailableYforYmuscleYenergy.YWhichYofYtheYfollowingYwi
llYfacilitateYhisYcontinuedYmuscleYperformance?
a. Electron-transportYchain
b. AerobicYglycolysis
c. AnaerobicYglycolysis
d. OxidativeYphosphorylation
ANS:Y C

, TESTYBANKYFORYUNDERSTANDINGYPATHOPHYSIOLOGYY7THYEDITIONYBYYHUETHER

WhenYnoYoxygenYisYavailable,YanaerobicYglycolysisYoccurs.YTheYelectron-
transportYchainYisYpartYofYtheYcitricYacidYcycle.YAerobicYglycolysisYinvolvesYtheYpresenceYofYo
xygen.YOxidativeYphosphorylationYisYtheYmechanismYbyYwhichYtheYenergyYproducedYfromYcar
bohydrates,Yfats,YandYproteinsYisYtransferredYtoYATP.YItYisYnotYpartYofYmuscleYperformance.

14. AYfacultyYmemberYasksYaYstudentYtoYidentifyYtheYappropriateYtermYforYtheYmovementYofYaYsolu
teYfromYanYareaYofYgreaterYtoYlesserYconcentration.YWhichYanswerYindicatesYtheYnursingYstude
ntYunderstoodYtheYteaching?
a. Osmosis
b. Diffusion
c. HydrostaticYpressure
d. ActiveYtransport

ANS:Y B
DiffusionYisYtheYmovementYofYaYsoluteYmoleculeYfromYanYareaYofYgreaterYsoluteYconcentrationY
toYanYareaYofYlesserYsoluteYconcentrationYthroughYaYpermeableYmembrane.YOsmosisYisYtheYmo
vementYofYwaterYacrossYaYsemipermeableYmembraneYfromYaYregionYofYhigherYwaterYconcentra
tionYtoYoneYofYlowerYconcentration.YHydrostaticYpressureYisYtheYforceYofYfluidYagainstYaYcellYm
embrane.YInYactiveYtransport,YmoleculesYmoveYupYaYconcentrationYgradient.

15. WhichYdescriptionYaccuratelyYdescribesYelectrolytes?
a. SmallYlipid-solubleYmolecules
b. LargeYproteinYmolecules
c. MicronutrientsYusedYtoYproduceYATP
d. ElectricallyYchargedYmolecules
ANS:Y D
ElectrolytesYareYelectricallyYchaNr g ed Ymolecules.YTheyYareYnotYlipidYsoluble,YtheyYareYnotYmade
upYofYprotein,YandYtheyYdoYnotYplayYaYroleYinYATPYproduction.

16. AYnurseYisYreadingYaYchartYandYseesYtheYtermYoncoticYpressure.YTheYnurseYrecallsYthatYoncot
icYpressureY(colloidYosmoticYpressure)YisYdeterminedYby:
a. theYconcentrationYofYsodium.
b. plasmaYproteins.
c. hydrostaticYpressure.
d. theYavailabilityYofYmembraneYtransporterYproteins.
ANS:Y B
OncoticYpressureYisYdeterminedYbyYtheYeffectYofYcolloidsYorYplasmaYproteins.YTheYconcentratio
nYofYsodiumYplaysYaYroleYinYtonicity.YHydrostaticYpressureYisYtheYforceYwithinYaYvessel.YMembr
aneYtransporterYproteinsYareYinvolvedYinYactiveYtransportYwithinYaYconcentrationYgradient.

17. AYpatientYhasYaYbodyYfluidYofY300YmOsm/kg.YThisYlabYresultYisYmeasuring:
a. osmolality.
b. osmolarity.
c. osmoticYpressure.
d. oncoticYpressure.
ANS:Y A