WGU D307 Educational Psychology Development of Children and Adolescents

Piaget - Correct Ans-Believed we learn from interaction with peers and environment Preconventional - Correct Ans-All about me Conventional - Correct Ans-All about rules or laws Postconventional - Correct Ans-All about others Kohlberg - Correct Ans-Stages of Moral Development- Preconventional, Conventional, Postconventional Chomsky - Correct Ans-Theory of Universal Grammar- Innate/Biological Babbling- 6 to 8 months - Correct Ans-Consonant-vowel combinations (ba-ba, ma-ma) Holophrastic- 9 to 18 months - Correct Ans-Single words represent a sentence (up, juice, mine) Two-Word- 18 to 24 months - Correct Ans-Mini sentences (doggy bark, me play) Telegraphic- 24 to 30 months - Correct Ans-Vocabulary increases. Use mostly nouns and verbs, omits auxiliary words (Carrie want ball, I good boy today)- early multiword stage Later multiword stage- 30+ months - Correct Ans-5+ word sentences, fastest vocabulary increase. Sentences formed with improving grammar, structure Skinner - Correct Ans-Operant conditioning and language development- children learn language based on reinforcement Operant Conditioning and Language Development - Correct Ans-Children learn language based on reinforcement, learn language through imitating, prompting, shaping, they associate words with meanings, correct utterances are positively reinforced- Skinner Vygotsky - Correct Ans-Social approach to language development Social Approach to Language Development - Correct Ans-language develops through social interactions, children need interpersonal interactions, Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), scaffolding (temp support), Private speech (talking to yourself) Spearman - Correct Ans-General intelligence (g factor) Thurnstone - Correct Ans-7 factor intelligence Sternberg - Correct Ans-successful intelligence Gardner - Correct Ans-Multiple intelligences Behavioral theory - Correct Ans-teacher directed, basic skills, direct instruction, immediate feedback & correction, reinforcement- positive/negative, punishment- time-out, shaping, token economy, computer-based tutorials Constructivist Theory - Correct Ans-Student-centered, building knowledge, lego builders, build schema- student constructs own knowledge, real world, learn from others, scaffolding, ZPD, project based learning, virtual learning Cooperative Collaborative Theory - Correct Ans-learning together, social butterflies, interacting, mixed groups, encourage each other, individual accountability, equal opportunity for success, model social behaviors Information-processing/Social Cognitive - Correct Ans-Memory, metacognitive knowledge, sensory register, working memory, Self-regulation/control, modeling, attention getting devices, chunking, concept mapping Humanistic - Correct Ans-Feelings, emotions, self-perception, motivation, safe-welcoming environment, growth needs, student choice, creative learning Formative Assessment - Correct Ans-Check FOR learning- progress, occurs during instruction, provides feedback to determine student learning and inform instruction and reteaching Summative Assessment - Correct Ans-Sum OF learning- focus is on outcome of learning or result, occurs after instruction, provides grades, measures overall student achievement Written Assessment - Correct Ans-grading is objective (right/wrong, use answer key), measures degree of knowledge, lower level skills Performance Assessment - Correct Ans-Grading is subjective (based on judgement, use rubric), measures ability to do something, portfolios, demonstrations Selected response - Correct Ans-multiple choice, true/false, matching Constructed response - Correct Ans-short answer, essay Norm-Referenced Grading - Correct Ans-Based on a normed score, compares student's scores to each other, grading on a curve, bell curve, reports how you did compared to how you could have done Criterion-Referenced Grading - Correct Ans-Based on standards or set criteria, Pass based on mastery or proficiency, reports information about strengths and weaknesses Piaget believed this was important - Correct Ans-thinking symbolically A child understands that a deflated balloon can be filled with air. According to Piaget, which cognitive level is he demonstrating? - Correct Ans-Concrete operational According to Vygotsky, what should a teacher do to help a student move through the zone of proximal development? - Correct Ans-Provide instructional scaffolding Explaining the commutative property in addition is an characteristic example of which stage - Correct Ans-Concrete operational A child watching his parents brush their teeth is an example of learning from a _________, according to Vygotsky. - Correct Ans-More knowledgeable other At which stage would a child be expected to tie shoes? - Correct Ans-Primary school True or false: Females usually complete physical growth before males - Correct Ans-True Which stage does a child refine motor coordination? - Correct Ans-Middle childhood physical development stage Who said justifying a moral decision on the basis of self-chosen principles even when their is a conflict with official rules and laws is a characteristic of his final stage of the moral development theory? - Correct Ans-Kohlberg In which age range does Erikson's industry v. inferiority stage of psychosocial development occur? - Correct Ans-5-12 years True or False: According to Bandura, physical capabilities can affect reproduction. - Correct Ans-True Removing a restriction if a child pays attention in class, is an example of a negative reinforcement in ___________'s Theory of Operant Conditioning. - Correct Ans-Skinner Repeating vowel sounds is identified in the _____________ stage of the language development process. - Correct Ans-babbling Uttering single words is in the ________________ stage of language development. - Correct Ans-holophrastic When able to make a sentence with a subject, verb and object, the child is in the ____________ stage of language development. - Correct Ans-Telegraphic A student is most likely experiencing ____ ______ when there is a sudden drop in their grades and the way they dress for school. - Correct Ans-peer pressure A student being bullied is afraid to go to recess and walk home after school. What effect on learning and performance is this student experiencing? - Correct Ans-A decrease in self-complacency A key concept of this theory is that people are innately good. - Correct Ans-Humanistic theory of learning A key concept of this theory is interactive experiences. - Correct Ans-Constructivism theory of learning