100 CASE STUDIES IN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TESTBANK 2025 100 CASE STUDIES IN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TESTBANK 2025

100 CASE STUDIES IN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TESTBANK 2025 100 CASE STUDIES IN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TESTBANK 2025 About the Author v Preface vii Reviewers xi PART 1 ■ CARDIOVASCULAR Case Study 1 Acute Myocardial Infarction 2 Case Study 2 Aneurysm of the Abdominal Aorta 7 Case Study 3 Congestive Heart Failure 10 Case Study 4 Deep Venous Thrombosis 14 Case Study 5 Hypertension 18 Case Study 6 Hypovolemic Shock 23 Case Study 7 Infective Endocarditis 26 Case Study 8 Peripheral Arterial Disease 31 Case Study 9 Pulmonary Thromboembolism 34 Case Study 10 Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease 39 PART 2 ■ RESPIRATORY Case Study 11 Asbestosis 44 Case Study 12 Asthma 49 Case Study 13 Bacterial Pneumonia 54 Case Study 14 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 60 Case Study 15 Cystic Fibrosis 65 Case Study 16 Lung Cancer 71 PART 3 ■ GASTROINTESTINAL Case Study 17 Acute Pancreatitis 78 Case Study 18 Cirrhosis 83 Case Study 19 Colorectal Cancer 88 Case Study 20 Constipation 93 Case Study 28 Ulcerative Colitis 128 Case Study 29 Viral Hepatitis 133 PART 4 ■ RENAL DISORDERS 139 Case Study 30 Acute Renal Failure 140 Case Study 31 Chronic Renal Failure 145 Case Study 32 Dialysis and Renal Transplantation 149 Case Study 33 Renal Cell Carcinoma 154 Case Study 34 Urinary Stone Disease 159 Case Study 35 Urinary Tract Infection 162 PART 5 ■ NEUROLOGICAL Case Study 36 Acute Pyogenic Meningitis 168 Case Study 37 Acute Viral Encephalitis 172 Case Study 38 Alzheimer Disease 177 Case Study 39 Cluster Headache 182 Case Study 40 Complex Partial Seizure 187 Case Study 41 Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizure 192 Case Study 42 Intracranial Neoplasm 197 Case Study 43 Migraine Headache 203 Case Study 44 Multiple Sclerosis 206 Case Study 45 Parkinson Disease 211 PART 6 ■ PSYCHIATRIC Case Study 46 Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder 218 Case Study 47 Bipolar Disorder 222 Case Study 48 Generalized Anxiety Disorder 228 Case Study 49 Major Depressive Disorder 232 Case Study 50 Schizophrenia 237 PART 7 ■ NEUROENDOCRINE Case Study 21 Crohn Disease 98 Case Study 51 Addison Disease 244 Case Study 22 Diarrhea 102 Case Study 52 Cushing Syndrome 249 Case Study 23 Esophageal Varices 107 Case Study 53 Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 253 Case Study 24 Gastric Cancer 111 Case Study 54 Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 258 Case Study 25 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease 116 Case Study 55 Hyperparathyroid Disease 265 Case Study 26 Nausea and Vomiting 120 Case Study 56 Hyperprolactinemia 269 Case Study 27 Peptic Ulcer Disease 125 Case Study 57 Hyperthyroid Disease 273 xiii Case Study 58 Hypoparathyroid Disease 278 Case Study 83 Malignant Melanoma 396 Case Study 59 Hypothyroid Disease 282 Case Study 84 Psoriasis 400 PART 8 ■ CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY Case Study 60 Down Syndrome 286 Case Study 61 Klinefelter Syndrome 291 Case Study 62 Turner Syndrome 295 PART 9 ■ FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE PART 14 ■ DISEASES OF Case Study 85 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia 406 Case Study 86 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia 411 Case Study 87 Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia 416 Case Study 88 Iron Deficiency Anemia 421 Case Study 89 Sickle Cell Anemia 426 Case Study 90 Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia 431 PART 15 ■ DISORDERS OF THE EYES, Replacement Therapy 313 Case Study 91 Acute Otitis Media 438 Case Study 67 Ovarian Cancer 318 Case Study 92 Acute Streptococcal Pharyngitis 442 Case Study 68 Pelvic Inflammatory Disease 322 Case Study 93 Allergic Rhinitis 445 Case Study 69 Premenstrual Syndrome 327 Case Study 94 Cataracts 449 Case Study 95 Open-Angle Glaucoma 454 PART 10 ■ MALE REPRODUCTIVE Case Study 70 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia 334 Case Study 71 Erectile Dysfunction 340 Case Study 72 Prostate Cancer 345 Case Study 73 Prostatitis 348 Case Study 74 Testicular Cancer 351 PART 11 ■ IMMUNOLOGIC PART 16 ■ NUTRITIONAL Case Study 96 Anorexia Nervosa 458 Case Study 97 Bulimia Nervosa 464 Case Study 98 Obesity 469 PART 17 ■ SEXUALLY Case Study 75 Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome 356 Case Study 76 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 362 PART 12 ■ MUSCULOSKELETAL Case Study 99 Genital Herpes 474 Case Study 100 Gonorrhea 479 Case Study 77 Gout 366 Case Study 78 Osteoarthritis 370 Case Study 79 Osteoporosis 376 Case Study 80 Rheumatoid Arthritis 382 Appendix A Table of Clinical Reference Values 486 Appendix B Table of Normal Height and Weight in Children Ages 1–18 Years 494 Appendix C Table of Blood Pressure in Children by Gender and Age 495 Appendix D Table of Karnovsky Performance Status 496 Appendix E Table of Common Medical Abbreviations 497 P A R T C A R D I O V A S C U L A R D I S O R D E R S For the Disease Summary for this case study, see the CD-ROM. “I’m having pain in my chest and it goes up into my left shoulder and down the inside of my left arm. I’m also having a hard time catching my breath and I feel somewhat sick to my stomach.” Mr. W.G. is a 53-year-old white man who began to experience chest discomfort while playing tennis with a friend. At first he attributed his discomfort to the heat and having had a large breakfast. Gradually, however, discomfort intensified to a crushing sensation in the sternal area and the pain seemed to spread upward into his neck and lower jaw. The nature of the pain did not seem to change with deep breathing. When Mr. G. complained of feeling nau- seated and began rubbing his chest, his tennis partner was concerned that his friend was having a heart attack and called 911 on his cell phone. The patient was transported to the ED of the nearest hospital and arrived within 30 minutes of the onset of chest pain. En route to the hospital, the patient was placed on nasal cannulae and an IV D5W was started. Mr. G. received aspirin (325 mg po) and 2 mg/IV morphine. He is allergic to meperidine (rash). His pain has eased slightly in the last 15 minutes but is still significant; was 9/10 in severity; now 7/10. In the ED, chest pain was not relieved by 3 SL NTG tablets. He denies chills. • Ulcerative colitis × 22 years • HTN × 12 years (poorly controlled due to poor patient compliance) • Type 2 DM × 5 years • S/P AMI 5 years ago that was treated with cardiac catheterization and PTCA; chronic stable angina for the past 4 years • BPH × 2 years • Hypertriglyceridemia • Adenomatous colonic polyps 2 • Father died from myocardial infarction at age 55, had DM • Mother died from breast cancer at age 79 • Patient has one sister, age 52, who is alive and well and one brother, age 44, with HTN • Grandparents “may have had heart disease” • 40 pack-year history of cigarette smoking • Married and lives with wife of 29 years • Has two grown children with no known medical problems • Full-time postal worker for 20 years, before that a baker for 8 years • Occasional alcohol use, average of 2 beers/week • Has never used street drugs Positive for some chest pain with physical activity “on and off for a month or so,” but the pain always subsided with rest • Meperidine (rash) • Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (bright red rash and fever) • Amlodipine 5 mg po Q AM • Glyburide 10 mg po Q AM, 5 mg po Q PM • EC ASA 325 mg po QD • Gemfibrozil 600 mg po BID • Sulfasalazine 1.5 g po BID • Terazosin 1 mg po HS General Appearance The patient is an alert and oriented white male who appears to be his stated age. He is anx- ious and appears to be in severe acute distress. Vital Signs See Patient Case Table 1.1 Patient Case Table 1.1 Vital Signs BP 160/98 right arm sitting RR 18 HT 5'101⁄2” P 105 with occasional premature beat T 98.2°F WT 184 lbs