Medical Surgical I Nursing Exam 1 2025
Infection - ANS-Invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms causing disease
Bacteria - ANS-Single-celled microorganisms causing various infections
Viruses - ANS-Infectious agents requiring a host cell to replicate
Fungi - ANS-Microorganisms causing infections like yeast infections
Protozoa - ANS-Single-celled organisms causing diseases like malaria
Helminths - ANS-Parasitic worms causing infections like roundworms
Incubation period - ANS-Time between exposure to an infection and the appearance of
symptoms
Prodromal period - ANS-Early stage of infection with non-specific symptoms
Acute period - ANS-Stage of infection with specific and severe symptoms
Recovery period - ANS-Stage of infection where symptoms start to improve
Standard Precautions - ANS-Basic infection prevention measures for all patients
Transmission based - ANS-Additional infection control measures for specific infections
Acute infection - ANS-Typical infection with specific and severe symptoms
Chronic infection - ANS-Infection not fully eradicated with mild symptoms and periodic acute
episodes
Septicemia - ANS-Overwhelming systemic infection affecting all systems
Local Signs - ANS-Visible signs of infection at the site
Systemic Signs - ANS-General signs of infection affecting the whole body
MDRO - ANS-Multidrug-resistant organisms resistant to multiple antibiotics
, MRSA - ANS-Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus causing various infections
VRE - ANS-Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci causing antibiotic-associated diarrhea
CRE - ANS-Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae causing difficult-to-treat infections
VRSA - ANS-Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus causing severe infections
C. DIFF - ANS-Clostridium difficile causing antibiotic-associated diarrhea
Immune system - ANS-Body's defense against pathogens and foreign substances
Allergic reactions - ANS-Immune system overreaction to harmless substances
Autoimmunity - ANS-Immune system attacks body's own cells
Cancer - ANS-Uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells
Leukocytosis - ANS-Abnormally high WBC count (>10,000/mm3)
Leukopenia - ANS-Abnormally low WBC count (<5,000/mm3)
Neutrophils - ANS-Most common type of WBC, key in fighting infections
Macrophages (monocytes) - ANS-Large WBCs that engulf and digest pathogens
Basophils - ANS-WBCs involved in allergic reactions and parasite defense
Eosinophils - ANS-WBCs combating multicellular parasites and certain infections
Tissue Mast Cells - ANS-Cells releasing histamine and other inflammatory mediators
Innate Immunity - ANS-Non-specific immediate protection, 1st and 2nd lines of defense
Acquired Immunity - ANS-Specific long-term resistance, involving lymphocytes
Inflammation - ANS-Response to tissue injury, involving vascular and cellular stages
Differential - ANS-Analysis of WBC types and their proportions in the blood
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate - ANS-Measure of inflammation in the body
C-Reactive protein - ANS-Indicator of acute inflammation or infection
Infection - ANS-Invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms causing disease
Bacteria - ANS-Single-celled microorganisms causing various infections
Viruses - ANS-Infectious agents requiring a host cell to replicate
Fungi - ANS-Microorganisms causing infections like yeast infections
Protozoa - ANS-Single-celled organisms causing diseases like malaria
Helminths - ANS-Parasitic worms causing infections like roundworms
Incubation period - ANS-Time between exposure to an infection and the appearance of
symptoms
Prodromal period - ANS-Early stage of infection with non-specific symptoms
Acute period - ANS-Stage of infection with specific and severe symptoms
Recovery period - ANS-Stage of infection where symptoms start to improve
Standard Precautions - ANS-Basic infection prevention measures for all patients
Transmission based - ANS-Additional infection control measures for specific infections
Acute infection - ANS-Typical infection with specific and severe symptoms
Chronic infection - ANS-Infection not fully eradicated with mild symptoms and periodic acute
episodes
Septicemia - ANS-Overwhelming systemic infection affecting all systems
Local Signs - ANS-Visible signs of infection at the site
Systemic Signs - ANS-General signs of infection affecting the whole body
MDRO - ANS-Multidrug-resistant organisms resistant to multiple antibiotics
, MRSA - ANS-Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus causing various infections
VRE - ANS-Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci causing antibiotic-associated diarrhea
CRE - ANS-Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae causing difficult-to-treat infections
VRSA - ANS-Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus causing severe infections
C. DIFF - ANS-Clostridium difficile causing antibiotic-associated diarrhea
Immune system - ANS-Body's defense against pathogens and foreign substances
Allergic reactions - ANS-Immune system overreaction to harmless substances
Autoimmunity - ANS-Immune system attacks body's own cells
Cancer - ANS-Uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells
Leukocytosis - ANS-Abnormally high WBC count (>10,000/mm3)
Leukopenia - ANS-Abnormally low WBC count (<5,000/mm3)
Neutrophils - ANS-Most common type of WBC, key in fighting infections
Macrophages (monocytes) - ANS-Large WBCs that engulf and digest pathogens
Basophils - ANS-WBCs involved in allergic reactions and parasite defense
Eosinophils - ANS-WBCs combating multicellular parasites and certain infections
Tissue Mast Cells - ANS-Cells releasing histamine and other inflammatory mediators
Innate Immunity - ANS-Non-specific immediate protection, 1st and 2nd lines of defense
Acquired Immunity - ANS-Specific long-term resistance, involving lymphocytes
Inflammation - ANS-Response to tissue injury, involving vascular and cellular stages
Differential - ANS-Analysis of WBC types and their proportions in the blood
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate - ANS-Measure of inflammation in the body
C-Reactive protein - ANS-Indicator of acute inflammation or infection
