NURS 5315 UTA EXAM 1 & 2 ALL COMBINED
PRACTISE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
CORRECT ANSWERS
100% PASS
EXAM 1
Atrophy - ANSWER E. Cells decrease in size
P. Still functional
Physiologic: thymus gland in early childhood
Pathological: disuse atrophy that occurs from person remaining immobile for
prolonged period of time.
Hypertrophy - ANSWER E. Increase in cell size
P. Increased workload
Physiologic: weightlifting/when a kidney is removed, the other will increase in size
to accommodate for increased work load.
Pathologic: cardiomegaly (enlarged heart) from HTN
,Hyperplasia - ANSWER E. Increase in cell number
P. Increased cellular division
Physiologic: liver regeneration
Pathologic: endometrial- usually r/t hormones
Dysplasia - ANSWER E. Cells change in size, shape, organization
P. AKA atypical hyperplasia, a disorderly proliferation and is commonly referred to
as "pre-cancer"
Physiologic: N/A
Pathologic: squamous dysplasia of cervix from HPV
Metaplasia - ANSWER E. one cell type replaced with another
P. reprogramming of stem cells, reversible
Physiologic: N/A
Pathologic: stratified squamous cells in bronchial lining r/t cigarette smoke.
Change from columnar cells to squamous cells
Barretts Esophagus is when the cells change from squamous to columnar r/t reflux
of gastric acid.
,Hypoxia injury - ANSWER E. inadequate oxygenation of tissues
P. decrease in mitochondrial function, decreased production of ATP increases
anaerobic metabolism. eventual cell death.
C.M. hypoxia, cyanosis, cognitive impairment, lethargy
Free radical and ROS - ANSWER E. normal byproduct of ATP production, will
overwhelm the mitochondria- exhaust intracellular antioxidants
P. lipid peroxidation, damage proteins, fragment DNA
C.M. development in Alzheimer's, heart disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic
Lateral Sclerosis
Ethanol - ANSWER E. mood altering drug, long term effects on liver and
nutritional status
P. metabolized by liver, generates free radicals
C.M. CNS depression, nutrient deficiencies-Mag, Vit B6, thiamine, PO4,
inflammation and fatty infiltration of liver, hepatomegaly, leads to liver failure
irreversible
Oncosis - ANSWER Na and H2O enter cell and cause swelling. Organ increases in
weight, becomes distended and pale. Associated with high fever, hypocalcemia,
certain infections
, Fatty Infiltration - ANSWER intracellular accumulation of lipids in the liver
liver fails to metabolize lipids. usually from ETOH or high fat diet. can lead to
cirrhosis
dystrophic calcification - ANSWER accumulation of Ca in dead or dying tissues
calcium salt clump and harden- interfere with cellular structure and function
r/t pulmonary TB, atherosclerosis, injured heart valves, chronic pancreatitis
metastatic calcification - ANSWER accumulation of Ca in normal tissue
result of hypercalcemia r/t hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, toxic levels of
Vit D. Can also r/t hyperphosphatemia in renal failure
urate accumulation - ANSWER sodium urate crystals are deposited in tissues-
group of disorders collectively called gout- acute arthritis, chronic gouty arthritis,
tophus, nephritis
Coagulative Necrosis - ANSWER kidneys, heart, adrenals- secondary to hypoxia
Liquefactive Necrosis - ANSWER nerve cells- brain- accumulation of pus
PRACTISE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
CORRECT ANSWERS
100% PASS
EXAM 1
Atrophy - ANSWER E. Cells decrease in size
P. Still functional
Physiologic: thymus gland in early childhood
Pathological: disuse atrophy that occurs from person remaining immobile for
prolonged period of time.
Hypertrophy - ANSWER E. Increase in cell size
P. Increased workload
Physiologic: weightlifting/when a kidney is removed, the other will increase in size
to accommodate for increased work load.
Pathologic: cardiomegaly (enlarged heart) from HTN
,Hyperplasia - ANSWER E. Increase in cell number
P. Increased cellular division
Physiologic: liver regeneration
Pathologic: endometrial- usually r/t hormones
Dysplasia - ANSWER E. Cells change in size, shape, organization
P. AKA atypical hyperplasia, a disorderly proliferation and is commonly referred to
as "pre-cancer"
Physiologic: N/A
Pathologic: squamous dysplasia of cervix from HPV
Metaplasia - ANSWER E. one cell type replaced with another
P. reprogramming of stem cells, reversible
Physiologic: N/A
Pathologic: stratified squamous cells in bronchial lining r/t cigarette smoke.
Change from columnar cells to squamous cells
Barretts Esophagus is when the cells change from squamous to columnar r/t reflux
of gastric acid.
,Hypoxia injury - ANSWER E. inadequate oxygenation of tissues
P. decrease in mitochondrial function, decreased production of ATP increases
anaerobic metabolism. eventual cell death.
C.M. hypoxia, cyanosis, cognitive impairment, lethargy
Free radical and ROS - ANSWER E. normal byproduct of ATP production, will
overwhelm the mitochondria- exhaust intracellular antioxidants
P. lipid peroxidation, damage proteins, fragment DNA
C.M. development in Alzheimer's, heart disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic
Lateral Sclerosis
Ethanol - ANSWER E. mood altering drug, long term effects on liver and
nutritional status
P. metabolized by liver, generates free radicals
C.M. CNS depression, nutrient deficiencies-Mag, Vit B6, thiamine, PO4,
inflammation and fatty infiltration of liver, hepatomegaly, leads to liver failure
irreversible
Oncosis - ANSWER Na and H2O enter cell and cause swelling. Organ increases in
weight, becomes distended and pale. Associated with high fever, hypocalcemia,
certain infections
, Fatty Infiltration - ANSWER intracellular accumulation of lipids in the liver
liver fails to metabolize lipids. usually from ETOH or high fat diet. can lead to
cirrhosis
dystrophic calcification - ANSWER accumulation of Ca in dead or dying tissues
calcium salt clump and harden- interfere with cellular structure and function
r/t pulmonary TB, atherosclerosis, injured heart valves, chronic pancreatitis
metastatic calcification - ANSWER accumulation of Ca in normal tissue
result of hypercalcemia r/t hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, toxic levels of
Vit D. Can also r/t hyperphosphatemia in renal failure
urate accumulation - ANSWER sodium urate crystals are deposited in tissues-
group of disorders collectively called gout- acute arthritis, chronic gouty arthritis,
tophus, nephritis
Coagulative Necrosis - ANSWER kidneys, heart, adrenals- secondary to hypoxia
Liquefactive Necrosis - ANSWER nerve cells- brain- accumulation of pus
