PSYC 140 - MODULE 1 STUDY SET
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Jean Piaget - ANSWER Cognitive Development Theorist
Sensorimotor Stagge - ANSWER Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory. Birth - 2
years Goal: Object Permanence. Infant focuses on physical sensations and on learning
to coordinate their body. Learns about the world through their senses and moving and
exploring their environment.
object permanence - ANSWER Piaget - Sensorimotor stage. the understanding the
permanence of objects and that they will still exist even if they can't be seen. Infants will
search for the objects when they disappear. Requires the ability to form a mental
representation (schema) of the object. Starts around 8 months
Preoperational stage - ANSWER Piaget - Cognitive Development Theory. 2 to 7 years.
Goal - symbolic thought. At the beginning of this stage, the child does not use
operations, so the thinking is influenced by the way things appear rather than logical
reasoning. Child is egocentric and assumes other people see the world as he does. As
the stage develops, egocentrism declines and children enjoy participation of others -
let's play pretend becomes important. Children think of things symbolically during this
stage
Concrete Operational Stage - ANSWER Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory. Ages
7-11 years. Goal - logical thought. The child can now use operations (a set of logical
rules) so she can conserve quantities. She realizes that people see the world in a
different way than she does (decentering) and has improved in inclusion tasks. Still
difficulties with abstract thinking
Formal Operational Stage - ANSWER Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory. Ages
12+ Adolescence to adulthood. Goal - scientific reasoning. Now gain the ability to think
in an abstract manner, the ability to combine and classify items in a more sophisticated
way and the capacity for higher-order reasoning. Able to think systematically and
reason about what might be as well as what is.
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development - ANSWER 4 Stages - Sensorimotor Stage,
Preoperational Stage, Concrete Operational Stage, Formal Operational Stage. Theory
regards the changes in cognitive development that occur as we move from infancy to
adulthood. A child's cognitive development is not just about acquiring knowledge, the
child has to develop or construct a mental model of the world. Each child goes through
the stages in the same order, the child's development is determined by biological
maturation and interaction with the environment.
, Self Recognition - ANSWER the child recognizes that other people are separate from
them. Sensorimotor Stage (Piaget)
conservation - ANSWER understanding that although things may change in
appearance, certain properties remain the same. Something stays the same in quantity
even though its appearance changes. (Piaget - Concrete Operational Stage)
Egocentric - ANSWER child assumes that other people sees the world as he does
(Piaget - Preoperational Stage)
Thinking symbolically - ANSWER the ability to make one thing, such as a word or an
object, stand for something other than itself
Animism - ANSWER the tendency for the child to think that a non-living object (such as
toys) have life and feelings like a person's (Piaget - Preoperational Stage)
Operations - ANSWER a set of logical rules. More sophisticated mental structures
which allow us to combine schemas in a logical (reasonable) way. (Piaget - Concrete
Operational Stage)
Ivan Pavlov - ANSWER Russian scientist that studied digestive systems in mammals.
Started studying reflexes after her noticed that the dogs drooled without the proper
stimulus. They started drooling when they saw lab coats (everyone that fed them wore a
lab coat). Started ringing a bell when the dogs were fed, the dogs then associated the
bell with food and eventually started drooling at only the sound of the bell.
conditioned reflex - ANSWER Pavlov's discovery that environmental events that
previously had no relation to a given reflex (such as a bell sound) could, through
experience, trigger a reflex (salivation). This is a learned response.
Systematic desensitization - ANSWER Used to treat phobias evoked by environmental
situations. Patient taught a muscle relaxation technique then uses this to associate with
the event instead of having anxiety.
Erik Erickson - ANSWER Psychosocial Stages of Development. Integrated social
experiences extensively into his stage theory. Maintained that the personality develops
in a predetermined order through 8 stages from infancy to adulthood.
Psychosocial Stages of Development - ANSWER Erickson - during each stage, the
person experiences a psycho social crisis that could positively or negatively affect
personality development. Needs of the individual conflict with the needs of society. The
successful completion of each stage results in development of a healthy personality and
the acquisition of basic virtues. Basic virtues are characteristic strengths that can be
used to resolve subsequent crises.
CORRECT 100%
Jean Piaget - ANSWER Cognitive Development Theorist
Sensorimotor Stagge - ANSWER Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory. Birth - 2
years Goal: Object Permanence. Infant focuses on physical sensations and on learning
to coordinate their body. Learns about the world through their senses and moving and
exploring their environment.
object permanence - ANSWER Piaget - Sensorimotor stage. the understanding the
permanence of objects and that they will still exist even if they can't be seen. Infants will
search for the objects when they disappear. Requires the ability to form a mental
representation (schema) of the object. Starts around 8 months
Preoperational stage - ANSWER Piaget - Cognitive Development Theory. 2 to 7 years.
Goal - symbolic thought. At the beginning of this stage, the child does not use
operations, so the thinking is influenced by the way things appear rather than logical
reasoning. Child is egocentric and assumes other people see the world as he does. As
the stage develops, egocentrism declines and children enjoy participation of others -
let's play pretend becomes important. Children think of things symbolically during this
stage
Concrete Operational Stage - ANSWER Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory. Ages
7-11 years. Goal - logical thought. The child can now use operations (a set of logical
rules) so she can conserve quantities. She realizes that people see the world in a
different way than she does (decentering) and has improved in inclusion tasks. Still
difficulties with abstract thinking
Formal Operational Stage - ANSWER Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory. Ages
12+ Adolescence to adulthood. Goal - scientific reasoning. Now gain the ability to think
in an abstract manner, the ability to combine and classify items in a more sophisticated
way and the capacity for higher-order reasoning. Able to think systematically and
reason about what might be as well as what is.
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development - ANSWER 4 Stages - Sensorimotor Stage,
Preoperational Stage, Concrete Operational Stage, Formal Operational Stage. Theory
regards the changes in cognitive development that occur as we move from infancy to
adulthood. A child's cognitive development is not just about acquiring knowledge, the
child has to develop or construct a mental model of the world. Each child goes through
the stages in the same order, the child's development is determined by biological
maturation and interaction with the environment.
, Self Recognition - ANSWER the child recognizes that other people are separate from
them. Sensorimotor Stage (Piaget)
conservation - ANSWER understanding that although things may change in
appearance, certain properties remain the same. Something stays the same in quantity
even though its appearance changes. (Piaget - Concrete Operational Stage)
Egocentric - ANSWER child assumes that other people sees the world as he does
(Piaget - Preoperational Stage)
Thinking symbolically - ANSWER the ability to make one thing, such as a word or an
object, stand for something other than itself
Animism - ANSWER the tendency for the child to think that a non-living object (such as
toys) have life and feelings like a person's (Piaget - Preoperational Stage)
Operations - ANSWER a set of logical rules. More sophisticated mental structures
which allow us to combine schemas in a logical (reasonable) way. (Piaget - Concrete
Operational Stage)
Ivan Pavlov - ANSWER Russian scientist that studied digestive systems in mammals.
Started studying reflexes after her noticed that the dogs drooled without the proper
stimulus. They started drooling when they saw lab coats (everyone that fed them wore a
lab coat). Started ringing a bell when the dogs were fed, the dogs then associated the
bell with food and eventually started drooling at only the sound of the bell.
conditioned reflex - ANSWER Pavlov's discovery that environmental events that
previously had no relation to a given reflex (such as a bell sound) could, through
experience, trigger a reflex (salivation). This is a learned response.
Systematic desensitization - ANSWER Used to treat phobias evoked by environmental
situations. Patient taught a muscle relaxation technique then uses this to associate with
the event instead of having anxiety.
Erik Erickson - ANSWER Psychosocial Stages of Development. Integrated social
experiences extensively into his stage theory. Maintained that the personality develops
in a predetermined order through 8 stages from infancy to adulthood.
Psychosocial Stages of Development - ANSWER Erickson - during each stage, the
person experiences a psycho social crisis that could positively or negatively affect
personality development. Needs of the individual conflict with the needs of society. The
successful completion of each stage results in development of a healthy personality and
the acquisition of basic virtues. Basic virtues are characteristic strengths that can be
used to resolve subsequent crises.
