BIO 669 Exam 2 Questions with Correct
Answers
The structures that connect the leaflets/cusps and help to prevent prolapse of the AV
valves is the:
A. Chordae tendineae and papillary muscles
B. Cardiomyocytes
C. Interventricular septum
D. Coronary ostia - ANSWER-A. Chordae tendineae and papillary muscles
Hypertensive crisis (malignant hypertension) is best defined as:
A. An advancing failure of systemic circulation as the heart weakens
B. Rapidly progressive hypertension with a diastolic pressure of 140 mmHg or more
C. A pulse pressure of greater than 60
D. Blood pressure readings consistently greater than 140/90 mmHg - ANSWER-B.
Rapidly progressive hypertension with a diastolic pressure of 140 mmHg or more
Intermittent claudication is:
A. Caused by coronary artery disease
B. A sign of peripheral artery disease
C. An attack of vasospasm brought on by the cold
D. A result of peripheral neuropathy - ANSWER-B. A sign of peripheral artery
disease
Stroke volume:
A. Does not affect the cardiac index
B. Is equal to ESV - EDV
C. Does not vary much
D. None of the above are true - ANSWER-D. None of the above are true
,A T wave relates to ______ and shortly precedes the closure of the _____ valves.
A. Ventricular depolarization, AV
B. Ventricular depolarization, SL
C. Ventricular repolarization, AV
D. Ventricular repolarization, SL
E. None of the above - ANSWER-D. Ventricular repolarization, SL
How much of the oxygen carried by hemoglobin in the blood is actually transferred to
the myocardium?
A. 10-20%
B. 40-50%
C. 70-75%
D. 100% - ANSWER-C. 70-75%
The key regulator determining if a muscle, such as cardiac muscle, contracts or not
is the presence of:
A. Ca++
B. ATP
C. K+
D. Epinephrine - ANSWER-A. Ca++
Myocardial hibernation is best described as:
A. Myocardial cells that are persistently ischemic and undergo metabolic adaptation
to prolong survival
B. Hypertrophy that occurs with loss of contractile function
C. Temporary loss of contractile function that persists for hours to days after
restoration of perfusion
D. Fibroblast proliferation and severe inflammatory response - ANSWER-A.
Myocardial cells that are persistently ischemic and undergo metabolic adaptation to
prolong survival
A thrombus is a blood clot that remains attached to a vessel wall. Which of the
following is NOT one of the main factors as proposed by Virchow?
, A. Obesity
B. Venous Stasis
C. Venous Endothelial damage
D. Hypercoagulable states - ANSWER-A. Obesity
The decreased or instability to generate action potential due to hyperpolarization or
continued closure of inactivation gates is termed:
A. Rhythmicity
B. Quiescence
C. Refractory period
D. Afterload - ANSWER-C. Refractory period
All of the following antihypertensive agents would be appropriate first line treatments
EXCEPT:
a. Calcium channel blockers
b. Beta blockers
c. Ace inhibitors or ARBs
d. Diuretics such as Thiazide - ANSWER-b. Beta Blockers
STEMI would most likely present with:
a. Inverted T waves and Q waves
b. Peaked T waves
c. Marked ST segment elevation
d. Absence of troponin I or T - ANSWER-c. Marked ST segment elevation
What area of the myocardium is affected by STEMI?
a. Transmural (entire wall thickness)
b. Subendothelial area
c. Just the right side
d. Only the atria - ANSWER-a. Transmural (entire wall thickness)
Answers
The structures that connect the leaflets/cusps and help to prevent prolapse of the AV
valves is the:
A. Chordae tendineae and papillary muscles
B. Cardiomyocytes
C. Interventricular septum
D. Coronary ostia - ANSWER-A. Chordae tendineae and papillary muscles
Hypertensive crisis (malignant hypertension) is best defined as:
A. An advancing failure of systemic circulation as the heart weakens
B. Rapidly progressive hypertension with a diastolic pressure of 140 mmHg or more
C. A pulse pressure of greater than 60
D. Blood pressure readings consistently greater than 140/90 mmHg - ANSWER-B.
Rapidly progressive hypertension with a diastolic pressure of 140 mmHg or more
Intermittent claudication is:
A. Caused by coronary artery disease
B. A sign of peripheral artery disease
C. An attack of vasospasm brought on by the cold
D. A result of peripheral neuropathy - ANSWER-B. A sign of peripheral artery
disease
Stroke volume:
A. Does not affect the cardiac index
B. Is equal to ESV - EDV
C. Does not vary much
D. None of the above are true - ANSWER-D. None of the above are true
,A T wave relates to ______ and shortly precedes the closure of the _____ valves.
A. Ventricular depolarization, AV
B. Ventricular depolarization, SL
C. Ventricular repolarization, AV
D. Ventricular repolarization, SL
E. None of the above - ANSWER-D. Ventricular repolarization, SL
How much of the oxygen carried by hemoglobin in the blood is actually transferred to
the myocardium?
A. 10-20%
B. 40-50%
C. 70-75%
D. 100% - ANSWER-C. 70-75%
The key regulator determining if a muscle, such as cardiac muscle, contracts or not
is the presence of:
A. Ca++
B. ATP
C. K+
D. Epinephrine - ANSWER-A. Ca++
Myocardial hibernation is best described as:
A. Myocardial cells that are persistently ischemic and undergo metabolic adaptation
to prolong survival
B. Hypertrophy that occurs with loss of contractile function
C. Temporary loss of contractile function that persists for hours to days after
restoration of perfusion
D. Fibroblast proliferation and severe inflammatory response - ANSWER-A.
Myocardial cells that are persistently ischemic and undergo metabolic adaptation to
prolong survival
A thrombus is a blood clot that remains attached to a vessel wall. Which of the
following is NOT one of the main factors as proposed by Virchow?
, A. Obesity
B. Venous Stasis
C. Venous Endothelial damage
D. Hypercoagulable states - ANSWER-A. Obesity
The decreased or instability to generate action potential due to hyperpolarization or
continued closure of inactivation gates is termed:
A. Rhythmicity
B. Quiescence
C. Refractory period
D. Afterload - ANSWER-C. Refractory period
All of the following antihypertensive agents would be appropriate first line treatments
EXCEPT:
a. Calcium channel blockers
b. Beta blockers
c. Ace inhibitors or ARBs
d. Diuretics such as Thiazide - ANSWER-b. Beta Blockers
STEMI would most likely present with:
a. Inverted T waves and Q waves
b. Peaked T waves
c. Marked ST segment elevation
d. Absence of troponin I or T - ANSWER-c. Marked ST segment elevation
What area of the myocardium is affected by STEMI?
a. Transmural (entire wall thickness)
b. Subendothelial area
c. Just the right side
d. Only the atria - ANSWER-a. Transmural (entire wall thickness)
