LCDC exam Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+

  DSM 5 axis 1 - Answer: clinical disorder and other conditions that are focus of treatment. DSM 5 axis 2 - Answer: personality disorders and intellectual disability. (mental retardation). DSM-5 axis 3 - Answer: General medical conditions. DMS-5 axis 4 - Answer: Psychosocial and environmental stressors. DSM-5 axis 5 - Answer: Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) DSM-5 - Answer: the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders. Motivational Interviewing (MI) - Answer: A humanistic, client-centered, psychosocial, directive counseling approach that was developed by William R. Miller and Stephen Rollnick in the early 1980s. MI African Americans - Answer: *"I appreciate how hard must have been to decide to come here. you took a big step." * "I think is great you want to do something about this problem", *"must have been very difficult for you", "that's a good suggestion" 4 types of MI Statements - Answer: 1) cognitive recognition of the problem. 2)affective expression of concern about the perceived problem. 3) a direct or implicit intention to change behavior. 4)Optimism about one's ability to change. 4 types of MI. Cognitive recognition - Answer: "I guess this is more serious than I thought". 4 types of MI Affective expression of concern - Answer: "I'm really worried about what is happening to me." 4 types of MI optimism about one's ability to change - Answer: "I know that if I try, I can really do it." ellicit self-motivational statements - Answer: rather than identifying the problem and promoting ways to solve it, help the clt to recognize how life might be better and choose way to make it so. The 8 Skills - Answer: attending, paraphrasing, reflection of feeling, summarizing, probing, counselor self-disclosure, interpreting, confrontation. Attending - Answer: demonstration of the counselor's concern for and interest in the client by eye contact, body posture and accurate verbal following. Paraphrasing - Answer: A counselor statement that mirrors the client's statement in exact or similar wording. Reflection of feeling - Answer: the essence of the client's feelings, either stated or implied, as expressed by the counselor. Summarizing - Answer: A brief review of the main points discussed in the session to insure continuity in a focused direction. Probing - Answer: A counselor's response that directs the client's attention inward to help both parties examine the client's situation in greater depth. Counselor self-disclosure - Answer: The counselor's sharing of his/her personal feelings, attitudes, opinions, and experiences for the benefit of the client. Interpreting - Answer: Presenting the client with alternative ways of looking at his/her situation. confrontation - Answer: A counselor's statement or question intended to point out contradictions in the client's behavior and statements, or to induce the client to face an issue the counselor feels the client is avoiding. self-motivational statements - Answer: "I guess this has been affecting me more than I realized." "Sometimes when I've been using , I just can't think or concentrate" "I feel terrible about how my drinking has hurt my family," "I don't know what to do but something has to change," "If I really put my mind to something, I can do it." Counter motivational Assertions - Answer: "I don't have a problem with marijuana," "I'm not the one with the problem," "I'm not going into a hospital" "I have so much else going on right now that I can't think about quitting," "when I'm high, I'm more relaxed and creative" open-ended questions - Answer: "tell me more about your cocaine use" "what brings you here today?" "so what do you think you want to do with your drinking" Closed questions - Answer: Questions that can usually be answered with yes or no. ex "How long did you have your last drink?" self-efficacy - Answer: Belief in the possibility of change is an important motivator. The client is responsible for choosing and carrying out personal change. There is hope in the range of alternative approaches available. Rolling with Resistance (Motivational Interviewing) - Answer: Momentum can be used to good advantage. Perceptions can be shifted. New perspectives are invited but not imposed. The client is a valuable resource in finding solutions to problems. 4 types of client resistance - Answer: Arguing, interrupting, denying, ignoring. simple reflection MI - Answer: Client "I don't plan to quit drinking anytime soon" Counselor "you don't think that abstinence would work for you right now" Amplified Reflection - MI - Answer: Client "I don't know why my husband is worried about this I don't drink anymore than any of my friends" counselor "So your wife is worrying needlessly. double sided reflection - Answer: Client "I know you want me to give up drinking completely, but I'm not going to do that!" Counselor "you can see that there are some real problems here, but you're not willing to think about quitting altogether. shifting focus - Answer: Client "I can't stop smoking reefer when all my friend are doing it" Counselor "you're way ahead of me. We're still exploring your concerns about whether you can get into college. We're not ready yet to decide how marijuana fits into your goals." Agreement with a twist - Answer: Client "Why are you and my wife so stuck on my drinking? what about all her problems? You'd drinking too. if your family were nagging you all the time" Counselor- "you got a good point there, and that's important. There is a bigger picture here, and maybe I haven't been paying enough attention to that. It's not as simple as one person's drinking. I agree with you that we shouldn't be trying to place blame here. Drinking problems like these do involve the whole family. Reframing - Answer: Client- "my wife is always nagging me about my drinking-always calling me an alcoholic. it really bugs me. Counselor-"it sounds like he really cares about you and is concerned. although he expresses it in a way that makes you angry. Maybe we can help her learn how to tell you she loves you and is worried about you in a more positive and acceptable way" individual counseling - Answer: *Helping the client resolve to stop using psychoactive substances; *teaching coping skills, to help avoid a relapse after achieving abstinence. *changing reinforcement contingencies. *fostering management of painful feelings *improving interpersonal functioning and enhancing social supports. self-help programs - Answer: or 12 steps organizations involve mutual help among peers experiencing similar problems. Primary goals of AA - Answer: *achieve total abstinence *affect changes in personal values and interpersonal behavior *continue participation in the fellowship to both give and receive help from others with similar problems. group therapy - Answer: *establishing abstinence *integration of the individual into the group *stabilization of individual functioning *relapse prevention *identifying prevention and working through long-standing problems that have been obscured or exacerbated by substance abuse. Group approaches - Answer: *exploratory *Supportive group *interactional groups *interpersonal problem-solving Addiction Severity Index (ASI) - Answer: most useful as a general intake screening tool. Assesses a client's status in several areas, measures how a client's need for treatment changes over time. Adolescent drinking index - Answer: 24 item paper and pencil self report rating scale intended to measure the severity of drinking. 5 min. completion time. Need 5th grade reading level. Adolescent Drinking Inventory - Answer: 25-question self-reports instrument to screen adolescents. it focuses on drinking-related loss of control and social, psychological and physical symptoms of alcohol problems. Adolescent drug involvement scale - Answer: paper and pencil drug abuse screening instruments adapted from the adolescent involvement scale. Alcohol dependence scale - Answer: 25-item multiple-choice questionnaire to assess the alcohol dependence syndrome. it is derived from the alcohol use inventory. It yields an index of severity of alcohol dependence. alcohol expectancy questionnaire - Answer: used to gauge high risk circumstances that may be lead to alcohol use. Alcohol use disorder identification test AUDIT - Answer: identify persons whose alcohol consumption has become hazardous or harmful to their health. American Drug and Alcohol Survey (ADAS) - Answer: 57-item self-report instrument. it requires 20-25 minutes to complete. it develops a typology of 9 styles of use of drugs that are listed in order of increasing severity of drug involvement. Assessment of Chemical Health Inventory (ACHI) - Answer: 128-item self-administrated instrument assesses the nature and extent of substances abuse and associated psychosocial problems problems and facilitates communication between treatment providers. Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) - Answer: 21 items to assess the intensity of depression. Can be used to determine whether there is any current indication of the need of a referral for further evaluation. CAGE questionnaire - Answer: cut down, annoyed, guilty, eye opener. 4 yes or no questions. 1 minute to complete. chemical dependency assessment profile - Answer: 235 multiple-choice and true-false self-report instrument to assess alcohol and other drug use and chemical dependency problems. can be administrated by computer or in paper and pencil format. a computerized report can be generated. circumstances, motivation, and readiness scales (CMR scales) - Answer: predict retention in treatment and is applicable treatment modalities. consists of four derived scales measuring external pressure to enter treatment, external pressure to leave treatment, motivation to change, readiness for treatment. developed from focus group of recovering staff and clients and retain much of the original language. clients entering substance abuse treatment perceive the items as relevant experience. comprehensive addiction severity index for adolescents (CASI-A) - Answer: this structured interview was designed to evaluate drug and alcohol use and psychosocial severity in adolescent populations in a variety of settings. it is administrated by an assessor to the youth and takes approximately 45 to 60 minutes. a computerized scoring technique takes about 45 minutes to enter and 10 minutes to score. comprehensive drinker profile (CDP) - Answer: this in an 88-item structed interview questionnaire. it is designed to provide a history of drinking practices and problems. it incorporates the Michigan alcoholism screening test. it requires from 1-2 hours to administer. Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST) - Answer: the purpose is to (1) to provide a brief, simple, practical, but valid method for identifying individuals who are abusing psychoactive drugs; and 2. to yield a quantitative index score of the degree of problems related to drug use and misuse. it is especially useful in screening and case finding; level of treatment and treatment /goal planning. there is both and adult and an adolescent version. Drug Offender Profile Evaluation/Referral Strategies (DOPERS) - Answer: assesses suspected drug-involved adult probationers. help determine specific supervision in treatment recommendations. it is an interview format that takes approximately 25 minutes to complete. a 2 1/2 day training session is required to use the instrument. Drug Use Screening Inventory (DUSI) - Answer: 149-item instrument evaluates adolescent drug use and the youth's health, psychiatric, and psychosocial problems, identifies problem areas, and quantitively monitors treatment, and treatment/prevention summary plan. a sixth grade reading level is needed and completion takes 20-40 minutes. scoring takes 15-20 minutes. Global Appraisal of Individual Needs (GAIN) - Answer: developed to implement and integrated biopsychosocial model of treatment assessment, planning and outcome monitoring that can be used for evaluation, clinical practice, and administrative purposes. it embeds questions for documenting substance use disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and pathological gambling; dimensional patient placement criteria for intoxication/withdrawal, health distress, mental distress and environment among and between levels of care; treatment planning; reporting requirements related to the state client data system; and measures of a core set of clinical status and service utilization outcomes used in the drug outcome monitoring study. Inventory of Drinking Situations - Answer: used to identify emotional, cognitive, and social factors that may precipitate drinking juvenile automated substance abuse evaluation (JASAE) - Answer: this is a computer-assisted instrument for assessing alcohol and other drug use behavior in adolescents. it is suggested for use with follow-up interviews to provide focus and conserve the amount of time necessary to conduct the interview. it is 102-item self-administrative questionnaire written at the fifth grade level. it can be given individually or in groups. available in English and Spanish and on audio tape for those with reading difficulties. personnel key responses into a computer. administration takes approximately 20 minutes. keying in responses takes 5 minutes. Level of Care Utilization System (LOCUS) - Answer: assess immediate service needs (for clients in crisis); to plan resource needs over time, as in assessing service requirements for defined populations; to monitor changes in status or placement at different points in time LOCUS is divided into 3 sections. the 1st section defines 6 evaluation parameters or dimensions: (1) risk of harm; (2)functional status (3) medical addictive, and psychiatric co-morbidity;(4) recovery environment; (5) treatment and recovery history; and (6) engagement. a 5 point scale constructed for each dimension and the criteria for assigning a given rating or score in that dimension are elaborated. in dimensions IV, 2 subscales are defined, while all other dimensions contain only one scale. MACH Drug Involvement Scale (MDI) - Answer: this is a standardized interview in computer format that can be self-administrated. it takes about 30 minutes to administer and results are generated immediately. the MDI scale is used to identify adolescent drug involvement. it is available in English and Swedish. Michigan Alcohol Screening Test (MAST) - Answer: yes/no answers to 24 questions self-administered. for adults offender profile index (OPI) - Answer: completed in approximately 30 minutes. it is designed to be used with suspected drug-involved adult defendants/ offenders to determine specific drug intervention disposition. personal experience inventory (PEI) - Answer: 2 part instrument is designed to assess the extent of psychological and behavioral issues with alcohol and drug problems; assess psychosocial risk factors associated with teenage chemical involvement; evaluate response bias or invalid responding; screen for the presence of problems other than substance abuse; and aid