Sexual transmitted infections
- Nearly 20 million new infections occur in the United States each year; 16 billion in
health care costs
- More than 110 million Americans are infected with one or more STIs
- Having one STI increases risk of getting another
- Can have more than one STI at a time
- STI’s can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites
- Infectious diseases spread through sexual contact with the penis, vagina, anus,
mouth, or sexual fluids of an infected person
- STI’s can also spread:
o Skin-to-skin (HPV)
o Via blood or blood products (HIV or mother to baby)
o Autoinoculation (spread through touch of infection)
- Bacterial infections
o Chlamydia
o Gonorrhea
o Syphilis
- Parasitic/protozoan infections
o Trichomoniasis
- Viruses
o Genital herpes
o Genital warts
o HIV
o AIDS
o Hepatitis B and C
- All STIs have an incubation period
o Time from initial infection to time symptoms first appear or screening tests are
positive
o Transmission can occur while asymptomatic
Reportable sexually transmitted infections:
- Good - Gonorrhea
- Sex - Syphilis
- Has - HIV
- Consequences - Chlamydia
High risk factors:
- Alcohol or drug use
- New or history of multiple sexual partners
- More than one sexual partner
- Sexual partners who have had multiple partners
- Inconsistent or incorrect use of condoms or other barrier methods
High risk populations:
- Adolescents with early onset of sexual intercourse
- Some ethnic groups
- Men who have sex with men (MSM)
- Incarcerated individuals
- Transgender women
- Victims of sexual assault
- Persons of low socioeconomic status
, Human Papillomavirus
Epidemiology:
- Very common
- More than 100 known types
- Precursor to cervical cancer
Pathophysiology:
- Virus
o Transmitted though genital and oral sex
o Congenitally from mother to fetus
- Becomes systemic by entering blood and lymphatic system
Clinical manifestations:
- Asymptomatic
o Routine screening for females 21-65 yo (PAP)
- Genital warts
o 90% of warts caused by noncancerous strains of HPV
- Condylomas Acuminate
Medical management- Diagnosis:
- Pap test:
o HPV DNA testing for detection of oncogenic HPV it over 30 years old
- Coloscopy if abnormal pap or high risk
Medical management- treatment:
- Common treatment for genital warts (non oncogenic)
o Creams, gels, ointments
o cryotherapy
- Common Procedures for Management of HSIL
o Loop electrosurgical excision procedure aka LEEP
o Ablation
o Excision
o Laser conization
Nursing interventions- teaching:
- Prevention, manifestations, treatment
- Healthy practices
- Completion of HPV vaccinations
o Gardasil 9- HPV quadrivalent
o Given in 2 to 3 IM doses over a 6-month period
o Initiate as early as age 11 up to 26
- Report history of infection to partners
- Appropriate application of medications
o Gels, creams, ointments for genital warts-
o DO NOT USE IF PREGNANT
- Call provider if worsening pain or vaginal discharge
- Nearly 20 million new infections occur in the United States each year; 16 billion in
health care costs
- More than 110 million Americans are infected with one or more STIs
- Having one STI increases risk of getting another
- Can have more than one STI at a time
- STI’s can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites
- Infectious diseases spread through sexual contact with the penis, vagina, anus,
mouth, or sexual fluids of an infected person
- STI’s can also spread:
o Skin-to-skin (HPV)
o Via blood or blood products (HIV or mother to baby)
o Autoinoculation (spread through touch of infection)
- Bacterial infections
o Chlamydia
o Gonorrhea
o Syphilis
- Parasitic/protozoan infections
o Trichomoniasis
- Viruses
o Genital herpes
o Genital warts
o HIV
o AIDS
o Hepatitis B and C
- All STIs have an incubation period
o Time from initial infection to time symptoms first appear or screening tests are
positive
o Transmission can occur while asymptomatic
Reportable sexually transmitted infections:
- Good - Gonorrhea
- Sex - Syphilis
- Has - HIV
- Consequences - Chlamydia
High risk factors:
- Alcohol or drug use
- New or history of multiple sexual partners
- More than one sexual partner
- Sexual partners who have had multiple partners
- Inconsistent or incorrect use of condoms or other barrier methods
High risk populations:
- Adolescents with early onset of sexual intercourse
- Some ethnic groups
- Men who have sex with men (MSM)
- Incarcerated individuals
- Transgender women
- Victims of sexual assault
- Persons of low socioeconomic status
, Human Papillomavirus
Epidemiology:
- Very common
- More than 100 known types
- Precursor to cervical cancer
Pathophysiology:
- Virus
o Transmitted though genital and oral sex
o Congenitally from mother to fetus
- Becomes systemic by entering blood and lymphatic system
Clinical manifestations:
- Asymptomatic
o Routine screening for females 21-65 yo (PAP)
- Genital warts
o 90% of warts caused by noncancerous strains of HPV
- Condylomas Acuminate
Medical management- Diagnosis:
- Pap test:
o HPV DNA testing for detection of oncogenic HPV it over 30 years old
- Coloscopy if abnormal pap or high risk
Medical management- treatment:
- Common treatment for genital warts (non oncogenic)
o Creams, gels, ointments
o cryotherapy
- Common Procedures for Management of HSIL
o Loop electrosurgical excision procedure aka LEEP
o Ablation
o Excision
o Laser conization
Nursing interventions- teaching:
- Prevention, manifestations, treatment
- Healthy practices
- Completion of HPV vaccinations
o Gardasil 9- HPV quadrivalent
o Given in 2 to 3 IM doses over a 6-month period
o Initiate as early as age 11 up to 26
- Report history of infection to partners
- Appropriate application of medications
o Gels, creams, ointments for genital warts-
o DO NOT USE IF PREGNANT
- Call provider if worsening pain or vaginal discharge
