,
, a LANGE medical book
2022
CURRENT
Medical Diagnosis
& Treatment
SIXT Y-FIRST EDITION
Edited by
Maxine A. Papadakis, MD
Professor of Medicine, Emeritus
Department of Medicine
University of California, San Francisco
Stephen J. McPhee, MD
Professor of Medicine, Emeritus
Division of General Internal Medicine
Department of Medicine
University of California, San Francisco
Michael W. Rabow, MD
Professor of Medicine and Urology
Division of Palliative Medicine
Department of Medicine
University of California, San Francisco
Associate Editor
Kenneth R. McQuaid, MD
Professor of Medicine
Department of Medicine
University of California, San Francisco
With Associate Authors
New York Chicago San Francisco Athens London Madrid Mexico City
Milan New Delhi Singapore Sydney Toronto
CMDT2022_FM_pi-xx.indd 1 02/07/21 7:10 PM
, Copyright © 2022 by McGraw Hill. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976,
no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval
system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
ISBN: 978-1-26-426939-6
MHID: 1-26-426939-0
The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-1-26-426938-9,
MHID: 1-26-426938-2.
eBook conversion by codeMantra
Version 1.0
All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a
trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benet of the trademark owner, with no intention of
infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps.
McGraw-Hill Education eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions or for
use in corporate training programs. To contact a representative, please visit the Contact Us page at www.mhprofessional.com.
Notice
Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treat-
ment and drug therapy are required. The authors and the publisher of this work have checked with sources believed to be
reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with the standards accepted at the
time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human error or changes in medical sciences, neither the authors
nor the publisher nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publication of this work warrants that the
information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they disclaim all responsibility for any errors or
omissions or for the results obtained from use of the information contained in this work. Readers are encouraged to conrm
the information contained herein with other sources. For example and in particular, readers are advised to check the product
information sheet included in the package of each medication they plan to administer to be certain that the information con-
tained in this work is accurate and that changes have not been made in the recommended dose or in the contraindications for
administration. This recommendation is of particular importance in connection with new or infrequently used medications.
TERMS OF USE
This is a copyrighted work and McGraw-Hill Education and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of this
work is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one
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THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS.” McGRAW-HILL EDUCATION AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARAN-
TEES OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE
OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK, INCLUDING ANY INFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH
THE WORK VIA HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. McGraw-Hill Education and its licensors do not warrant or guarantee that the functions
contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its operation will be uninterrupted or error free. Neither McGraw-
Hill Education nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause,
in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom. McGraw-Hill Education has no responsibility for the content of any
information accessed through the work. Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill Education and/or its licensors be liable
for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use
the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to
any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise.
, a LANGE medical book
2022
CURRENT
Medical Diagnosis
& Treatment
SIXT Y-FIRST EDITION
Edited by
Maxine A. Papadakis, MD
Professor of Medicine, Emeritus
Department of Medicine
University of California, San Francisco
Stephen J. McPhee, MD
Professor of Medicine, Emeritus
Division of General Internal Medicine
Department of Medicine
University of California, San Francisco
Michael W. Rabow, MD
Professor of Medicine and Urology
Division of Palliative Medicine
Department of Medicine
University of California, San Francisco
Associate Editor
Kenneth R. McQuaid, MD
Professor of Medicine
Department of Medicine
University of California, San Francisco
With Associate Authors
New York Chicago San Francisco Athens London Madrid Mexico City
Milan New Delhi Singapore Sydney Toronto
CMDT2022_FM_pi-xx.indd 1 02/07/21 7:10 PM
, Copyright © 2022 by McGraw Hill. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976,
no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval
system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
ISBN: 978-1-26-426939-6
MHID: 1-26-426939-0
The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-1-26-426938-9,
MHID: 1-26-426938-2.
eBook conversion by codeMantra
Version 1.0
All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a
trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benet of the trademark owner, with no intention of
infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps.
McGraw-Hill Education eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions or for
use in corporate training programs. To contact a representative, please visit the Contact Us page at www.mhprofessional.com.
Notice
Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treat-
ment and drug therapy are required. The authors and the publisher of this work have checked with sources believed to be
reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with the standards accepted at the
time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human error or changes in medical sciences, neither the authors
nor the publisher nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publication of this work warrants that the
information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they disclaim all responsibility for any errors or
omissions or for the results obtained from use of the information contained in this work. Readers are encouraged to conrm
the information contained herein with other sources. For example and in particular, readers are advised to check the product
information sheet included in the package of each medication they plan to administer to be certain that the information con-
tained in this work is accurate and that changes have not been made in the recommended dose or in the contraindications for
administration. This recommendation is of particular importance in connection with new or infrequently used medications.
TERMS OF USE
This is a copyrighted work and McGraw-Hill Education and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of this
work is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one
copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based
upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill Education’s
prior consent. You may use the work for your own noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly
prohibited. Your right to use the work may be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms.
THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS.” McGRAW-HILL EDUCATION AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARAN-
TEES OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE
OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK, INCLUDING ANY INFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH
THE WORK VIA HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. McGraw-Hill Education and its licensors do not warrant or guarantee that the functions
contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its operation will be uninterrupted or error free. Neither McGraw-
Hill Education nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause,
in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom. McGraw-Hill Education has no responsibility for the content of any
information accessed through the work. Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill Education and/or its licensors be liable
for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use
the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to
any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise.
