HESI Fundamentals V. vc vc
2
1.The nurse observes a newly admitted older adult female take short steps an
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
d walk very slowly while pushing a walker in front of her. What action should th
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
e nurse take in response to these observations?
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
A) Complete a full fall risk assessment of the client. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
B) Teach the client to take longer steps at faster pace. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
C) Suggest that the the client use a wheelchair instead of a walker. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
D) Place client on bedrest until the healthcare provider is notified.: A) Complet
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
e a full fall risk assessment of the client.
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
2.While suctioning a client's nasopharynx, the nurse observes that the client's
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
oxygen saturation remains at 94%, which is the same reading obtained prior t
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
o starting the procedure. What action should the nurse take in response to thi
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
s finding?
vc
A) Reposition the pulse oximeter clip to obtain a new reading. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
B) Stop suctioning until the pulse oximeter reading is above 95%.
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
C) Complete the intermittent suction of the nasopharynx. vc vc vc vc vc vc
D) Apply an oxygen mask over the client's nose and mouth.: C) Complete the
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc v
intermittent suction of the nasopharynx.
c vc vc vc vc
3.An older woman with end stage heart disease is hospitalized for severe hea
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
rt failure. She is alert, oriented, and requests that no heroic measures are impl
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
emented if her breathing stops. What action should the nurse take first?
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
A) Discuss with the client her meaning of heroic measures. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
B) Obtain a "do not resuscitate" (DNR) prescription. vc vc vc vc vc vc
C) Set up a family conference to discuss the client's.
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
D) Consult the palliative care team about client's care.: A) Discuss with the clie
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
nt her meaning of heroic measures.
vc vc vc vc vc
4.A client diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma received a pre-
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
scription for biotic eye drops, pilocarpine HCl (Pilocarpine). What instruction
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
should the nurse plan to include in this client's teaching?
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
A) "Do not allow the dropper bottle to touch the eye."
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
B) "Administer the medication directly on the cornea." vc vc vc vc vc vc
C) "Squeeze your eye closed after administering the drops." vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
D) "Wash your hands after each administration of eye drops.": A) "Do not allo
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
w the dropper bottle to touch the eye."
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
5.When assessing a client who starts to wheeze related data should obtain?
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
vc vc
, HESI Fundamentals V. vc vc
2
A) Presence of radiation. vc vc
B) Heart sounds. vc
C) Body temperature. vc
D) Precipitating factors.: D) Precipitating factors. vc vc vc vc
6.The home health nurse is reviewing the personal care of an elderly client wh
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
o lives alone. Which client assessment findings indicate the need to assign unl
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
icensed assistive personnel (UAP) to provide routine foot care and file the clie
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
nt's toenails? Select all that apply.
vc vc vc vc vc
A) Syncope when bending. vc vc
B) Hand tremors. vc
C) Diminished visual acuity. vc vc
D) Urinary incontinence. vc
E) Shuffling gait.: A) Syncope when bending. vc vc vc vc vc
B) Hand tremors. vc
C) Diminished visual acuity. vc vc
7.A client is discharged to a long-
vc vc vc vc vc vc
term care facility with an indwelling urinary catheter. Which nursing action sh
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
ould be included in the plan to reduce the client's risk for infection related to t
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
he catheter? vc
A) Flush the catheter daily with sterile saline. vc vc vc vc vc vc
B) Encourage increased intake of oral fluids. vc vc vc vc vc
C) Administer a PRN antipyretic if a fever develops. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
D) Secure the drainage bag at bladder level during transport.: B) Encourage
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc v
increased intake of oral fluids.
c vc vc vc vc
8.To assess the quality of an adult client's pain, what approach should the n
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
urse use? vc
A) Observe body language and movement. vc vc vc vc
B) Provide a numeric pain scale. vc vc vc vc
C) Ask the client to describe the pain. vc vc vc vc vc vc
D) Identify effective pain relief measures.: C) Ask the client to describe the pa
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
.
9.A client who has been diagnosed with terminal cancer tells the nurse, "The d
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
octor told me I have cancer and do not have long to live." Which response is be
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
st for the nurse to provide?
vc vc vc vc vc
A) "That's correct, you do not have long to live." vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
B) "Would you like me to call your minister?" vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
vc vc
, HESI Fundamentals V. vc vc
2
C) "Don't give up, you still have chemotherapy to try." vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
D) "Yes, your condition is serious.": D) "Yes, your condition is serious."
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
10.When performing blood pressure measurement to assess for orthostatic
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
hypotension, which action should the nurse implement first? vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
A) Apply the blood pressure cuff securely. vc vc vc vc vc
B) Record the client's pulse rate and rhythm. vc vc vc vc vc vc
C) Position the client supine for a few minutes. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
D) Assist the client to stand at bedside.: C) Position the client supine for a f
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
ew minutes. vc
11.The nurse is providing passive range of motion (ROM) exercises to the hip
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
and knee for a client who is unconscious. After supporting the client's knee wi
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
th one hand, what action should the nurse take next?
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
A) Raise the bed to a comfortable working level. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
B) Bend the client's knee. vc vc vc
C) Move the knee toward the chest as far as it will go.
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
D) Cradle the client's heel.: D) Cradle the client's heel. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
12.The nurse is preparing to irrigate a client's indwelling urinary catheter u
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
sing an open technique. What action should the nurse take after applying gl
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
oves?
A) Empty the client's urinary drainage bag. vc vc vc vc vc
B) Draw up the irrigating solution into the syringe.
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
C) Secure the client's catheter to the drainage tubing. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
D) Use aseptic technique to instill the irrigating solution.: B) Draw up the
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
irrigating solution into the syringe.
vc vc vc vc vc
13.Which client care requires the nurse to wear barrier gloves as required by t
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
he protocol for Standard Precautions?
vc vc vc vc
A) Removing the empty food tray from a client with a urinary catheter. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
B) Washing and combing the hair of a client with a fractured leg in traction. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
C) Administering oral medications to a cooperative client with a wound infec- vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
tion.
vc
D) Emptying the urinary catheter drainage bag for a client with Alzheimer's dis vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
ease.: D) Emptying the urinary catheter drainage bag for a client with Alzhei
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
mer's disease. vc
14.What action should the nurse implement to prevent the formation of a s
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
acral ulcer for a client who is immobile?
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
vc vc
, HESI Fundamentals V. vc vc
2
A) Maintain in a lateral position using protective wrist and vest devices. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
B) Position prone with a small pillow below the diaphragm. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
C) Raise the head and knee gatch when lying in a supine position.
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
D) Transfer into a wheelchair close to the nurse's station for observation.: B) vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
Position prone with a small pillow below the diaphragm. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
15.At 0100 on a male client's second postoperative night, the client states he i
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
s unstable to sleep and plans to read until feeling sleepy. What action should t
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
he nurse implement? vc vc
A) Leave the room and close the door to the client's room. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
B) Assess the appearance of the client's surgical dressing. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
C) Bring the client a prescribed PRN sedative-hypnotic. vc vc vc vc vc vc
D) Discuss symptoms of sleep deprivation with the client.: C) Bring the client vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
a prescribed PRN sedative-hypnotic.
vc vc vc
16.The nursing staff in the cardiovascular intensive care unit are creating a
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
continuous quality improvement project on social media that addresses
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
coronary artery disease (CAD). Which action should the nurse implement to pr
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
ect client privacy? vc vc
A) Remove identifying information of the clients who participated. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
B) Recall that authored content may be legally discoverable. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
C) Share material from credible, peer reviewed sources only. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
D) Respect all copyright laws when adding website content.: A) Remove iden- vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
tifying information of the clients who participated.
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
17.A male client with unstable angina needs a cardiac catheterization, so the h
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
ealthcare provider explains the risks and benefits of the procedure, and then le
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
aves to set up for the procedure. When the nurse presents the consent form for
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
signature, the client hesitates and asks how the wires will keep his heart goin
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
g. Which action should the nurse take?
vc vc vc vc vc vc
A) Answer the client's specific questions with a short understandable expla- vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
nation. vc
B) Postpone the procedure until the client understands the risks and benefits. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
C) Call the client's next of kin and ask them to provide verbal consent.
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
D) Page the healthcare provider to return and provide additional explanation.- vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
vc B) Postpone the procedure until the client understands the risks and benefits
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
18.The nurse is teaching a client how to do active range of motion (ROM) exer
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
cises. To exercise the hinge joints, which action should the nurse instruct
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
vc vc
2
1.The nurse observes a newly admitted older adult female take short steps an
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
d walk very slowly while pushing a walker in front of her. What action should th
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
e nurse take in response to these observations?
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
A) Complete a full fall risk assessment of the client. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
B) Teach the client to take longer steps at faster pace. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
C) Suggest that the the client use a wheelchair instead of a walker. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
D) Place client on bedrest until the healthcare provider is notified.: A) Complet
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
e a full fall risk assessment of the client.
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
2.While suctioning a client's nasopharynx, the nurse observes that the client's
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
oxygen saturation remains at 94%, which is the same reading obtained prior t
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
o starting the procedure. What action should the nurse take in response to thi
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
s finding?
vc
A) Reposition the pulse oximeter clip to obtain a new reading. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
B) Stop suctioning until the pulse oximeter reading is above 95%.
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
C) Complete the intermittent suction of the nasopharynx. vc vc vc vc vc vc
D) Apply an oxygen mask over the client's nose and mouth.: C) Complete the
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc v
intermittent suction of the nasopharynx.
c vc vc vc vc
3.An older woman with end stage heart disease is hospitalized for severe hea
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
rt failure. She is alert, oriented, and requests that no heroic measures are impl
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
emented if her breathing stops. What action should the nurse take first?
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
A) Discuss with the client her meaning of heroic measures. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
B) Obtain a "do not resuscitate" (DNR) prescription. vc vc vc vc vc vc
C) Set up a family conference to discuss the client's.
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
D) Consult the palliative care team about client's care.: A) Discuss with the clie
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
nt her meaning of heroic measures.
vc vc vc vc vc
4.A client diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma received a pre-
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
scription for biotic eye drops, pilocarpine HCl (Pilocarpine). What instruction
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
should the nurse plan to include in this client's teaching?
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
A) "Do not allow the dropper bottle to touch the eye."
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
B) "Administer the medication directly on the cornea." vc vc vc vc vc vc
C) "Squeeze your eye closed after administering the drops." vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
D) "Wash your hands after each administration of eye drops.": A) "Do not allo
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
w the dropper bottle to touch the eye."
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
5.When assessing a client who starts to wheeze related data should obtain?
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
vc vc
, HESI Fundamentals V. vc vc
2
A) Presence of radiation. vc vc
B) Heart sounds. vc
C) Body temperature. vc
D) Precipitating factors.: D) Precipitating factors. vc vc vc vc
6.The home health nurse is reviewing the personal care of an elderly client wh
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
o lives alone. Which client assessment findings indicate the need to assign unl
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
icensed assistive personnel (UAP) to provide routine foot care and file the clie
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
nt's toenails? Select all that apply.
vc vc vc vc vc
A) Syncope when bending. vc vc
B) Hand tremors. vc
C) Diminished visual acuity. vc vc
D) Urinary incontinence. vc
E) Shuffling gait.: A) Syncope when bending. vc vc vc vc vc
B) Hand tremors. vc
C) Diminished visual acuity. vc vc
7.A client is discharged to a long-
vc vc vc vc vc vc
term care facility with an indwelling urinary catheter. Which nursing action sh
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
ould be included in the plan to reduce the client's risk for infection related to t
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
he catheter? vc
A) Flush the catheter daily with sterile saline. vc vc vc vc vc vc
B) Encourage increased intake of oral fluids. vc vc vc vc vc
C) Administer a PRN antipyretic if a fever develops. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
D) Secure the drainage bag at bladder level during transport.: B) Encourage
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc v
increased intake of oral fluids.
c vc vc vc vc
8.To assess the quality of an adult client's pain, what approach should the n
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
urse use? vc
A) Observe body language and movement. vc vc vc vc
B) Provide a numeric pain scale. vc vc vc vc
C) Ask the client to describe the pain. vc vc vc vc vc vc
D) Identify effective pain relief measures.: C) Ask the client to describe the pa
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
.
9.A client who has been diagnosed with terminal cancer tells the nurse, "The d
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
octor told me I have cancer and do not have long to live." Which response is be
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
st for the nurse to provide?
vc vc vc vc vc
A) "That's correct, you do not have long to live." vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
B) "Would you like me to call your minister?" vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
vc vc
, HESI Fundamentals V. vc vc
2
C) "Don't give up, you still have chemotherapy to try." vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
D) "Yes, your condition is serious.": D) "Yes, your condition is serious."
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
10.When performing blood pressure measurement to assess for orthostatic
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
hypotension, which action should the nurse implement first? vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
A) Apply the blood pressure cuff securely. vc vc vc vc vc
B) Record the client's pulse rate and rhythm. vc vc vc vc vc vc
C) Position the client supine for a few minutes. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
D) Assist the client to stand at bedside.: C) Position the client supine for a f
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
ew minutes. vc
11.The nurse is providing passive range of motion (ROM) exercises to the hip
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
and knee for a client who is unconscious. After supporting the client's knee wi
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
th one hand, what action should the nurse take next?
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
A) Raise the bed to a comfortable working level. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
B) Bend the client's knee. vc vc vc
C) Move the knee toward the chest as far as it will go.
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
D) Cradle the client's heel.: D) Cradle the client's heel. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
12.The nurse is preparing to irrigate a client's indwelling urinary catheter u
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
sing an open technique. What action should the nurse take after applying gl
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
oves?
A) Empty the client's urinary drainage bag. vc vc vc vc vc
B) Draw up the irrigating solution into the syringe.
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
C) Secure the client's catheter to the drainage tubing. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
D) Use aseptic technique to instill the irrigating solution.: B) Draw up the
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
irrigating solution into the syringe.
vc vc vc vc vc
13.Which client care requires the nurse to wear barrier gloves as required by t
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
he protocol for Standard Precautions?
vc vc vc vc
A) Removing the empty food tray from a client with a urinary catheter. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
B) Washing and combing the hair of a client with a fractured leg in traction. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
C) Administering oral medications to a cooperative client with a wound infec- vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
tion.
vc
D) Emptying the urinary catheter drainage bag for a client with Alzheimer's dis vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
ease.: D) Emptying the urinary catheter drainage bag for a client with Alzhei
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
mer's disease. vc
14.What action should the nurse implement to prevent the formation of a s
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
acral ulcer for a client who is immobile?
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
vc vc
, HESI Fundamentals V. vc vc
2
A) Maintain in a lateral position using protective wrist and vest devices. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
B) Position prone with a small pillow below the diaphragm. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
C) Raise the head and knee gatch when lying in a supine position.
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
D) Transfer into a wheelchair close to the nurse's station for observation.: B) vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
Position prone with a small pillow below the diaphragm. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
15.At 0100 on a male client's second postoperative night, the client states he i
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
s unstable to sleep and plans to read until feeling sleepy. What action should t
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
he nurse implement? vc vc
A) Leave the room and close the door to the client's room. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
B) Assess the appearance of the client's surgical dressing. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
C) Bring the client a prescribed PRN sedative-hypnotic. vc vc vc vc vc vc
D) Discuss symptoms of sleep deprivation with the client.: C) Bring the client vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
a prescribed PRN sedative-hypnotic.
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16.The nursing staff in the cardiovascular intensive care unit are creating a
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continuous quality improvement project on social media that addresses
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coronary artery disease (CAD). Which action should the nurse implement to pr
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ect client privacy? vc vc
A) Remove identifying information of the clients who participated. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
B) Recall that authored content may be legally discoverable. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
C) Share material from credible, peer reviewed sources only. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
D) Respect all copyright laws when adding website content.: A) Remove iden- vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
tifying information of the clients who participated.
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17.A male client with unstable angina needs a cardiac catheterization, so the h
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ealthcare provider explains the risks and benefits of the procedure, and then le
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aves to set up for the procedure. When the nurse presents the consent form for
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signature, the client hesitates and asks how the wires will keep his heart goin
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g. Which action should the nurse take?
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A) Answer the client's specific questions with a short understandable expla- vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
nation. vc
B) Postpone the procedure until the client understands the risks and benefits. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
C) Call the client's next of kin and ask them to provide verbal consent.
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D) Page the healthcare provider to return and provide additional explanation.- vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
vc B) Postpone the procedure until the client understands the risks and benefits
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18.The nurse is teaching a client how to do active range of motion (ROM) exer
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cises. To exercise the hinge joints, which action should the nurse instruct
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