MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM FOR GRADUATION NEWEST 2024-2025
ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE
which definition best describes a lead compound - (answer) the first compound discovered to have the
desired activity
which method of discovering a drug is generally the least expensive - (answer) molecular docking
what is the name of the process that involves step-wise alteration of a drug to improve its properties -
(answer) structure activity relationship
what was the estimated research and development expenses of pharma in 2016 - (answer) 60 billion
which branch of pharmacology studies the effect of the body on drugs - (answer) pharmacokinetics
which branch of pharmacology studies how patients respond differently to drugs - (answer)
pharmacogenetics
which branch of pharmacology studies the desired effect of drugs on the body, usually at the molecular
level - (answer) pharmacodynamics
which branch of pharmacology studies adverse effects of drugs on the body - (answer) toxicology
which branch of pharmacology does excretion fall under - (answer) pharmacokinetics
which is the chemical name for a popular OTC pain killer - (answer) N-acetyl-para-aminophenol
which stage of translational research is the first to utilize a FDA approved drug - (answer) T3
the transition between which two phases of translational research involves switching from controlled
settings real-world setting - (answer) T2-T3
which type of drug is most likely to be given orally - (answer) small molecule
,MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM FOR GRADUATION NEWEST 2024-2025
ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE
overnight contact lenses are considered ? medical devices - (answer) class III
which term describes the process of taking a piece of humor tumor from a patient and placing it under
the skin of a mouse in order to do pre-clinical testing - (answer) patient-derived xenograft
in order to do a clinical trial in humans, IRB approval must be obtained. From which regulatory body
must approval be obtained in order to carry out a similar study in rats? - (answer) IACUC
gaining information on which of the following is the primary purpose of a Phase I clinical trial - (answer)
treatment safety
which of the following requires direct action by a patient (or their guardian) before they can be enrolled
in a phase I clinical trial - (answer) informed consent
in which type of clinical trial is a MTD most likely to be determined - (answer) phase 1
what government agency regulates phase I clinical trials in the US - (answer) FDA
a clinical trial for the use of a new pain killer in terminal cancer patients who have been admitted to
hospice would be considered what type of clinical trial - (answer) quality of life trial
how many groups of patients would be required for a placebo-controlled factorial trial to test
combinations of three drugs - (answer) 8
in which type of clinical trial is every patient guaranteed to receive active drug - (answer) cross-over
trial
exclusion criteria for a clinical trial for a new therapy for pediatric leukemia - (answer) patient is greater
than 12 years old
,MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM FOR GRADUATION NEWEST 2024-2025
ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE
the most common target of drugs is - (answer) receptors
Gleevac targets - (answer) enzymes
a diabetic receives an injection of insulin. Once the insulin reaches the pancreas, how long do you expect
it to take before a response can be measured - (answer) minutes
a dose of agonist occupies 30% of receptors and gives an effect of 50. According to the occupancy
theory, what effect would you expect from a dose that occupies 90% of receptors - (answer) 150
most drugs bind in such a way that it is reversible without a chemical reaction. These drugs must
therefore lack which type of bond with their targets - (answer) covalent
drug A requires 15 micromolar to reach 50% of its maximum response while drug B requires 50
micromolar to reach 50% of its maximum response, which drug is more potent - (answer) drug A
drug A requires 15 micromolar to reach 50% of its maximum response while drug B requires 50
micromolar to reach 50% of its maximum response, which drug is more effective - (answer) cannot tell
which term describes a molecule that produces an effect when binding a receptor but is incapable of
inducing 100% effect - (answer) partial agonist
the addition of a competitive antagonist will affect the apparent ? of an agonist - (answer) potency
the addition of a non-competitive antagonist will affect the apparent ? of an agonist - (answer) efficacy
when drug A, an agonist, is given chronically, larger and larger concentrations are needed in order to
achieve the same effect. which phenomenon is likely occurring - (answer) desensitization
which type of response curve would you look at if you wanted to know the exact response predicted in a
controlled system at a specified drug concentration - (answer) graded concentration response
, MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM FOR GRADUATION NEWEST 2024-2025
ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE
when developing a new drug, do you generally want a high or low therapeutic index - (answer) high
aspirin has an ED50=5mg/dl and a TD50=100mg/dl what is the therapeutic index of aspirin - (answer)
20
through which routes of administration will at least some first-pass metabolism occur - (answer) oral,
rectal
would you expect aspirin to be absorbed better at high or low pH - (answer) low pH
would you expect a more polar or nonpolar drug to have more bioavailability - (answer) nonpolar
assuming the same lipophilicity and that all are neutrally charged which drug would you expect to have
the best membrane permeability - (answer) tylenol
which family of enzymes catalyzes the majority of phase I drug metabolism - (answer) CYPs
codeine undergoes which type of phase I metabolism reaction - (answer) dealkylation
tylenol undergoes which type of phase II metabolism reaction - (answer) sulfation
the majority of drug excretion occurs in which organ - (answer) kidney
biliary excretion occurs in which organ - (answer) liver
imagine a drug with kEL=1.2 hr, clearance=14.4 L/hr, and Vd=12L/kg what loading dose would be
required to achieve a 2mg/L concentration in a 30kg patient - (answer) 720
ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE
which definition best describes a lead compound - (answer) the first compound discovered to have the
desired activity
which method of discovering a drug is generally the least expensive - (answer) molecular docking
what is the name of the process that involves step-wise alteration of a drug to improve its properties -
(answer) structure activity relationship
what was the estimated research and development expenses of pharma in 2016 - (answer) 60 billion
which branch of pharmacology studies the effect of the body on drugs - (answer) pharmacokinetics
which branch of pharmacology studies how patients respond differently to drugs - (answer)
pharmacogenetics
which branch of pharmacology studies the desired effect of drugs on the body, usually at the molecular
level - (answer) pharmacodynamics
which branch of pharmacology studies adverse effects of drugs on the body - (answer) toxicology
which branch of pharmacology does excretion fall under - (answer) pharmacokinetics
which is the chemical name for a popular OTC pain killer - (answer) N-acetyl-para-aminophenol
which stage of translational research is the first to utilize a FDA approved drug - (answer) T3
the transition between which two phases of translational research involves switching from controlled
settings real-world setting - (answer) T2-T3
which type of drug is most likely to be given orally - (answer) small molecule
,MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM FOR GRADUATION NEWEST 2024-2025
ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE
overnight contact lenses are considered ? medical devices - (answer) class III
which term describes the process of taking a piece of humor tumor from a patient and placing it under
the skin of a mouse in order to do pre-clinical testing - (answer) patient-derived xenograft
in order to do a clinical trial in humans, IRB approval must be obtained. From which regulatory body
must approval be obtained in order to carry out a similar study in rats? - (answer) IACUC
gaining information on which of the following is the primary purpose of a Phase I clinical trial - (answer)
treatment safety
which of the following requires direct action by a patient (or their guardian) before they can be enrolled
in a phase I clinical trial - (answer) informed consent
in which type of clinical trial is a MTD most likely to be determined - (answer) phase 1
what government agency regulates phase I clinical trials in the US - (answer) FDA
a clinical trial for the use of a new pain killer in terminal cancer patients who have been admitted to
hospice would be considered what type of clinical trial - (answer) quality of life trial
how many groups of patients would be required for a placebo-controlled factorial trial to test
combinations of three drugs - (answer) 8
in which type of clinical trial is every patient guaranteed to receive active drug - (answer) cross-over
trial
exclusion criteria for a clinical trial for a new therapy for pediatric leukemia - (answer) patient is greater
than 12 years old
,MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM FOR GRADUATION NEWEST 2024-2025
ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE
the most common target of drugs is - (answer) receptors
Gleevac targets - (answer) enzymes
a diabetic receives an injection of insulin. Once the insulin reaches the pancreas, how long do you expect
it to take before a response can be measured - (answer) minutes
a dose of agonist occupies 30% of receptors and gives an effect of 50. According to the occupancy
theory, what effect would you expect from a dose that occupies 90% of receptors - (answer) 150
most drugs bind in such a way that it is reversible without a chemical reaction. These drugs must
therefore lack which type of bond with their targets - (answer) covalent
drug A requires 15 micromolar to reach 50% of its maximum response while drug B requires 50
micromolar to reach 50% of its maximum response, which drug is more potent - (answer) drug A
drug A requires 15 micromolar to reach 50% of its maximum response while drug B requires 50
micromolar to reach 50% of its maximum response, which drug is more effective - (answer) cannot tell
which term describes a molecule that produces an effect when binding a receptor but is incapable of
inducing 100% effect - (answer) partial agonist
the addition of a competitive antagonist will affect the apparent ? of an agonist - (answer) potency
the addition of a non-competitive antagonist will affect the apparent ? of an agonist - (answer) efficacy
when drug A, an agonist, is given chronically, larger and larger concentrations are needed in order to
achieve the same effect. which phenomenon is likely occurring - (answer) desensitization
which type of response curve would you look at if you wanted to know the exact response predicted in a
controlled system at a specified drug concentration - (answer) graded concentration response
, MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM FOR GRADUATION NEWEST 2024-2025
ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE
when developing a new drug, do you generally want a high or low therapeutic index - (answer) high
aspirin has an ED50=5mg/dl and a TD50=100mg/dl what is the therapeutic index of aspirin - (answer)
20
through which routes of administration will at least some first-pass metabolism occur - (answer) oral,
rectal
would you expect aspirin to be absorbed better at high or low pH - (answer) low pH
would you expect a more polar or nonpolar drug to have more bioavailability - (answer) nonpolar
assuming the same lipophilicity and that all are neutrally charged which drug would you expect to have
the best membrane permeability - (answer) tylenol
which family of enzymes catalyzes the majority of phase I drug metabolism - (answer) CYPs
codeine undergoes which type of phase I metabolism reaction - (answer) dealkylation
tylenol undergoes which type of phase II metabolism reaction - (answer) sulfation
the majority of drug excretion occurs in which organ - (answer) kidney
biliary excretion occurs in which organ - (answer) liver
imagine a drug with kEL=1.2 hr, clearance=14.4 L/hr, and Vd=12L/kg what loading dose would be
required to achieve a 2mg/L concentration in a 30kg patient - (answer) 720
