CARDIAC EXAM NURSING QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE
ANSWERS
What is a heart attach - Accurate answers coronary arteries have build up of plaque and clog them.
If the plaque breaks off a clot will form around it in minutes. The blood is cut off from the heart and
oxygen starved cells begin to die. The heart may not be able to pump blood as well and rhythm will be
thrown off
What are the signs and symptoms of a heart attack - Accurate answers Chest pain, crushing, can
radiate to the left arm, jaw , back or abdomen, nausea and SOB. Women and elderly men may only
experience weakness and tiredness
How is a heart attack diagnosed - Accurate answers ECG and blood tests (cardiac markers) and
history
What treatment is used for heart attacks - Accurate answers Angioplasty
Stent
Coronary artery bypass graft
What medications are used during a heart attack - Accurate answers supplemental oxygen
morphine
ASA
Thrombolysis (only for STEMIs)
Beta blockers
Nitrates
Anticoagulents (heparin/warfarin)
Statin
ACE inhibitors
what is preload - Accurate answers amount of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole
what is afterload - Accurate answers resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood
flow
Arteries carry blood - Accurate answers away from the heart
veins carry blood - Accurate answers back to the heart
capillaries are meant for - Accurate answers gas exchange
baroreceptors - Accurate answers at aortic arch and carotid artery, sensitive to stretch or pressure
chemoreceptors - Accurate answers in aortic and carotid bodies respond to increased CO2,
decreased O2 and decreased PH
what is pulse pressure - Accurate answers difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
,what is mean arterial pressure - Accurate answers average pressure in arterial system felt by
organs, less than 60 = ischemia
what is cardiac output - Accurate answers HR X stroke volume
Electrocardiogram - Accurate answers 12 lead ECG/EKG
Holter monitoring - Accurate answers 24 hour monitor
TEE - Accurate answers transesophageal echocardiogram
swallowed with IV sedation
MUGA - Accurate answers blood taken and mized with radioactive isotopes and reinjected
MRI - Accurate answers no metal
CT scan - Accurate answers can be with or without contrast
cardiac catheterization - Accurate answers see structures of the heart
Pt NPO 6-12 hr b4
IV anesthesia
dye injected
compression drsg at site where they put catheter in
coronary angiography - Accurate answers vessel occlusions
Pt NPO 6-12 hr b4
IV anesthesia
dye injected
compression drsg at site where they put catheter in
Atherosclerosis - Accurate answers characterized by focal deposit of cholesterol and lipid, primary
in the intimal wall of the artery
endothelial lining altered as a result of inflammation and injury
Starts as soft deposits of fat that harden with age (hardening of the arteries)
Results in narrowing of the vessels
Atheromas - Accurate answers fatty deposits
what are some health promoting behaviors for atherosclerosis - Accurate answers physical fitness
(30 min 5X/ week )
weight reduction
omega 3-fatty acids
plyunsaturated
monosaturated
saturated
medication therapy of atherosclerosis - Accurate answers cholesterol lowering
, statins (restrict lipoprotein production)
drugs that increase lipoprotien removal (bile acid sequestrants, questran)
drugs that decrease cholesterol absorbtion (ezetimibe, zetia)
what is the antiplatelet therapy for atherosclerosis - Accurate answers ASA 81mg or 325 mg daily
Clopidogrel
what is chronic stable angina - Accurate answers reversible myocardial ischemia = angina
O2 demand is greater than O2 supply
it is predictable
pain with chronic stable angina - Accurate answers usually lasts 3-5 minutes
subsides when the precipitating factor is relieved
ECG reveals ST segment depression
silent ischemia angina - Accurate answers 80% of patients with myocardial ischemia are
asymptomatic (DM, HTN)
confirmed by ECG changes
nocturnal angina - Accurate answers occurs only at night but not necessarily during sleep
angina decubitus - Accurate answers chest pain that occurs only when lying down and is relieved
by sitting or standing
prinzmetals angina - Accurate answers occurs at rest usually in response to spasm of major
coronary artery, seen in patients with a history of migraine headaches and reynauds phenomenon,
spasm may occur in the absence of CAD, may occur during REM sleep, ST segment elevation,
may be relieved by moderate exercise
What is nursing management of stable angina - Accurate answers should resolve itself in 5 minutes
oxygen
comfortable positioning of the patient
auscultation of heart sounds
prompt pain relief medications
12 lead ECG
what are the diagnostic studies for stable angina - Accurate answers history and physical exam
lab studies (serum cardiac markers)
12 lead ECK
CXR
echocardiogram
exercise stress test
24 hour holter monitoring
what is patient teaching for stable angina - Accurate answers CAD and angina
precipitating factors for angina
risk factor reduction
medications and compliance
ANSWERS
What is a heart attach - Accurate answers coronary arteries have build up of plaque and clog them.
If the plaque breaks off a clot will form around it in minutes. The blood is cut off from the heart and
oxygen starved cells begin to die. The heart may not be able to pump blood as well and rhythm will be
thrown off
What are the signs and symptoms of a heart attack - Accurate answers Chest pain, crushing, can
radiate to the left arm, jaw , back or abdomen, nausea and SOB. Women and elderly men may only
experience weakness and tiredness
How is a heart attack diagnosed - Accurate answers ECG and blood tests (cardiac markers) and
history
What treatment is used for heart attacks - Accurate answers Angioplasty
Stent
Coronary artery bypass graft
What medications are used during a heart attack - Accurate answers supplemental oxygen
morphine
ASA
Thrombolysis (only for STEMIs)
Beta blockers
Nitrates
Anticoagulents (heparin/warfarin)
Statin
ACE inhibitors
what is preload - Accurate answers amount of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole
what is afterload - Accurate answers resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood
flow
Arteries carry blood - Accurate answers away from the heart
veins carry blood - Accurate answers back to the heart
capillaries are meant for - Accurate answers gas exchange
baroreceptors - Accurate answers at aortic arch and carotid artery, sensitive to stretch or pressure
chemoreceptors - Accurate answers in aortic and carotid bodies respond to increased CO2,
decreased O2 and decreased PH
what is pulse pressure - Accurate answers difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
,what is mean arterial pressure - Accurate answers average pressure in arterial system felt by
organs, less than 60 = ischemia
what is cardiac output - Accurate answers HR X stroke volume
Electrocardiogram - Accurate answers 12 lead ECG/EKG
Holter monitoring - Accurate answers 24 hour monitor
TEE - Accurate answers transesophageal echocardiogram
swallowed with IV sedation
MUGA - Accurate answers blood taken and mized with radioactive isotopes and reinjected
MRI - Accurate answers no metal
CT scan - Accurate answers can be with or without contrast
cardiac catheterization - Accurate answers see structures of the heart
Pt NPO 6-12 hr b4
IV anesthesia
dye injected
compression drsg at site where they put catheter in
coronary angiography - Accurate answers vessel occlusions
Pt NPO 6-12 hr b4
IV anesthesia
dye injected
compression drsg at site where they put catheter in
Atherosclerosis - Accurate answers characterized by focal deposit of cholesterol and lipid, primary
in the intimal wall of the artery
endothelial lining altered as a result of inflammation and injury
Starts as soft deposits of fat that harden with age (hardening of the arteries)
Results in narrowing of the vessels
Atheromas - Accurate answers fatty deposits
what are some health promoting behaviors for atherosclerosis - Accurate answers physical fitness
(30 min 5X/ week )
weight reduction
omega 3-fatty acids
plyunsaturated
monosaturated
saturated
medication therapy of atherosclerosis - Accurate answers cholesterol lowering
, statins (restrict lipoprotein production)
drugs that increase lipoprotien removal (bile acid sequestrants, questran)
drugs that decrease cholesterol absorbtion (ezetimibe, zetia)
what is the antiplatelet therapy for atherosclerosis - Accurate answers ASA 81mg or 325 mg daily
Clopidogrel
what is chronic stable angina - Accurate answers reversible myocardial ischemia = angina
O2 demand is greater than O2 supply
it is predictable
pain with chronic stable angina - Accurate answers usually lasts 3-5 minutes
subsides when the precipitating factor is relieved
ECG reveals ST segment depression
silent ischemia angina - Accurate answers 80% of patients with myocardial ischemia are
asymptomatic (DM, HTN)
confirmed by ECG changes
nocturnal angina - Accurate answers occurs only at night but not necessarily during sleep
angina decubitus - Accurate answers chest pain that occurs only when lying down and is relieved
by sitting or standing
prinzmetals angina - Accurate answers occurs at rest usually in response to spasm of major
coronary artery, seen in patients with a history of migraine headaches and reynauds phenomenon,
spasm may occur in the absence of CAD, may occur during REM sleep, ST segment elevation,
may be relieved by moderate exercise
What is nursing management of stable angina - Accurate answers should resolve itself in 5 minutes
oxygen
comfortable positioning of the patient
auscultation of heart sounds
prompt pain relief medications
12 lead ECG
what are the diagnostic studies for stable angina - Accurate answers history and physical exam
lab studies (serum cardiac markers)
12 lead ECK
CXR
echocardiogram
exercise stress test
24 hour holter monitoring
what is patient teaching for stable angina - Accurate answers CAD and angina
precipitating factors for angina
risk factor reduction
medications and compliance
