PEAT 2 Review: Questions With Step-by-Step Solutions
A patient who has type 1 diabetes is riding a stationary bicycle when a
hypoglycemic episode occurs. Which of the following clinical manifestations
would be the expected physiological response?
1.Muscle weakness, nausea, and vomiting
2.Fruity, acetone-smelling breath and an increased respiratory rate
3.Onset of irritability, nervousness, or emotional lability
4.Polyuria, thirst, and dehydration Right Ans - A. 3.Onset of irritability,
nervousness, or emotional lability
R.1. Thirst, weakness, nausea, and vomiting are all signs of hyperglycemia, not
hypoglycemia.
2. Fruity, acetone-smelling breath and an increased respiratory rate are
described for hyperglycemia, not hypoglycemia.
3. Irritability, nervousness, and a labile mental state are described as mental
changes that commonly occur with hypoglycemia.
4. Polyuria, thirst, and dehydration are all signs of hyperglycemia, not
hypoglycemia.
Onset of bloody stools is an indication of which of the following conditions?
1.Acute appendicitis
2.Strangulated hernia
3.Celiac disease
4.Colorectal cancer Right Ans - A 4. colorectal cancer
R. 1. Classic symptoms of acute appendicitis include localized pain in the right
lower abdominal quadrant, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fever, tenderness, and
diarrhea. Bloody stools are not a typical symptom. (p. 773.e125)
2. A strangulated hernia occurs when part of the intestine becomes entrapped
in the abdominal wall. It will cause severe pain and possible bowel
obstruction. Bloody stools are not a typical symptom of strangulated hernia.
(pp. 773.e121-773.e123)
3. Celiac disease is a small intestine disease marked by malabsorption and
damage to the mucosal lining of the intestine. Common symptoms include
weight loss, abdominal distention, flatulence, and muscle wasting. Stools are
typically not bloody. (p. 773.e108)
4. Blood in stools is one of the only early signs of colorectal cancer. Any
change in bowel habits, especially new onset of bloody stools, should be
further investigated. (p. 773.e118)
,A patient correctly demonstrated home exercises to strengthen quadriceps
and hip flexors. This data should be included in which section of the
documentation?
1.Subjective
2.Objective
3.Assessment
4.Plan Right Ans - A. 2. Objective
R. 1. The subjective section includes information provided by the patient.
2. The objective section provides objectively measurable information and
observations. If the patient can demonstrate exercises properly, this is an
observation and should be documented in this section.
3. The assessment section is used to provide the examiner's interpretation of
the patient's condition.
4. The plan section includes the proposed plan of care and the intended
interventions.
Which of the following laboratory reports is MOST useful in determining the
effects of chronic diarrhea and vomiting?
1.Complete blood count
2.Renal function tests
3.Serum electrolytes
4.Serum enzymes Right Ans - A. 3. Body fluid loss associated with chronic
diarrhea and vomiting may cause an imbalance in body chemistry that is best
determined by serum electrolyte testing (pp. 37, 773.e95).
R. 1. The complete blood count is more useful for determining infection, blood
loss, and clotting potential (p. 773.e300). The effects of chronic diarrhea and
vomiting are most associated with loss of fluid, which may cause an imbalance
in body chemistry that is best determined by serum electrolyte testing (p.
773.e95)
2. Gastrointestinal bleeding would increase blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels,
which is measured by kidney function tests. This patient has chronic diarrhea
and vomiting. (p. 773.e298)
3. Body fluid loss associated with chronic diarrhea and vomiting may cause an
imbalance in body chemistry that is best determined by serum electrolyte
testing (pp. 37, 773.e95).
4. Enzymes catalyze the chemical reactions that cells need to stay alive, but
the enzymes are not destroyed. The types and amounts of enzymes circulating
in the bloodstream can indicate which cells (and therefore which organs) are
damaged (p. 773.e307). The effects of chronic diarrhea and vomiting are most
,associated with loss of fluid, which may cause an imbalance in body chemistry
that is best determined by serum electrolyte testing. (pp. 37, 773.e95)
Which of the following tests is used to assess volitional movement of the
extremities after an individual has had a cerebrovascular accident?
1.Functional Reach Test
2.Functional Status Index
3.Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (Tinetti)
4.Fugl-Meyer Assessment Right Ans - A. 4
1. The Functional Reach Test assesses balance and fall risk but does not
provide specific information about volitional movement (O'Sullivan, pp. 216-
217).
2. The Functional Status Index is a self-report tool in which patients rate their
ability to perform various tasks. It is not limited to patients who had a
cerebrovascular accident. (Pagliarulo)
3. The Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (Tinetti) assesses balance
and gait and is used in the context of many different diagnoses (O'Sullivan, pp.
213, 216).
4. The Fugl-Meyer Assessment uses an ordinal scale to assess volitional motor
performance in people who have hemiplegia (O'Sullivan, p. 624).
For a patient who had a total shoulder arthroplasty 5 days ago, which of the
following interventions would MOST effectively minimize joint adhesions?
1.Active range of motion in the scapular plane
2.Gentle muscle sets with the upper extremity immobilized in a sling
3.Passive range of motion in a pain-free range
4.Joint mobilization using small-amplitude oscillations into tissue resistance
Right Ans - A. 3.Passive range of motion in a pain-free range
R. 1. Shoulder active range of motion is contraindicated in the maximal
protection phase (immediate post operative phase) after shoulder
arthroplasty. Only passive or active assisted range of motion is indicated. (pp.
562, 564)
2. Gentle muscle setting is primarily used to address muscle inhibition,
atrophy, and guarding. Range of motion is most appropriate for addressing
adhesions. (p. 565)
3. During the maximal protection phase of shoulder arthroplasty, only passive
range of motion, grade I and II distraction and glides, and pendulum exercises
are indicated to maintain joint integrity and mobility (p. 564).
, 4. Stretching is contraindicated in the maximal protection phase after
shoulder arthroplasty. Small-amplitude oscillations performed at the limit of
available motion and into tissue resistance (grade IV mobilizations) go beyond
available range of motion. These mobilizations would be appropriate during
the minimal protection phase and return-to-function phase at 12-16 weeks
postoperatively. (p. 567)
A patient with a recent history of immobilization has a new onset of unilateral
leg swelling with dependent edema. This condition is MOST likely due to:
1.congestive heart failure.
2.peripheral arterial disease.
3.deep vein thrombosis.
4.lymphedema. Right Ans - A. deep vein thrombosis
R. 1. Rapid onset of unilateral leg swelling with dependent edema is a
symptom of deep vein thrombosis, not congestive heart failure (pp. 608-609).
2. Intermittent claudication is a symptom of peripheral vascular
disease/peripheral arterial disease; swelling is not a symptom (pp. 491-492,
532-533).
3. Rapid onset of unilateral leg swelling with dependent edema is a symptom
of deep vein thrombosis (p. 609).
4. Rapid onset of unilateral leg swelling with dependent edema is a symptom
of deep vein thrombosis, not lymphedema (pp. 536, 609).
The MOST important precaution for preventing a nosocomial infection is:
1.wearing a mask.
2.wearing gloves.
3.proper hand washing.
4.maintaining a sterile field. Right Ans - A. 3.proper hand washing.
R. 1. Nosocomial infection is an infection that is acquired incidental to
hospitalization for treatment of other conditions (p. 85). Nosocomial
infections are commonly transmitted through hand contact rather than
through respiratory transmission (pp. 89-90).
2. Wearing gloves will not decrease the incidence of infection if the same
gloves are used when treating different patients or if hands are not washed (p.
90).
3. Contact transmission is the most frequent source of nosocomial infection,
and occurs primarily because of poor hand washing between treatment of
different patients (pp. 89-90).
A patient who has type 1 diabetes is riding a stationary bicycle when a
hypoglycemic episode occurs. Which of the following clinical manifestations
would be the expected physiological response?
1.Muscle weakness, nausea, and vomiting
2.Fruity, acetone-smelling breath and an increased respiratory rate
3.Onset of irritability, nervousness, or emotional lability
4.Polyuria, thirst, and dehydration Right Ans - A. 3.Onset of irritability,
nervousness, or emotional lability
R.1. Thirst, weakness, nausea, and vomiting are all signs of hyperglycemia, not
hypoglycemia.
2. Fruity, acetone-smelling breath and an increased respiratory rate are
described for hyperglycemia, not hypoglycemia.
3. Irritability, nervousness, and a labile mental state are described as mental
changes that commonly occur with hypoglycemia.
4. Polyuria, thirst, and dehydration are all signs of hyperglycemia, not
hypoglycemia.
Onset of bloody stools is an indication of which of the following conditions?
1.Acute appendicitis
2.Strangulated hernia
3.Celiac disease
4.Colorectal cancer Right Ans - A 4. colorectal cancer
R. 1. Classic symptoms of acute appendicitis include localized pain in the right
lower abdominal quadrant, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fever, tenderness, and
diarrhea. Bloody stools are not a typical symptom. (p. 773.e125)
2. A strangulated hernia occurs when part of the intestine becomes entrapped
in the abdominal wall. It will cause severe pain and possible bowel
obstruction. Bloody stools are not a typical symptom of strangulated hernia.
(pp. 773.e121-773.e123)
3. Celiac disease is a small intestine disease marked by malabsorption and
damage to the mucosal lining of the intestine. Common symptoms include
weight loss, abdominal distention, flatulence, and muscle wasting. Stools are
typically not bloody. (p. 773.e108)
4. Blood in stools is one of the only early signs of colorectal cancer. Any
change in bowel habits, especially new onset of bloody stools, should be
further investigated. (p. 773.e118)
,A patient correctly demonstrated home exercises to strengthen quadriceps
and hip flexors. This data should be included in which section of the
documentation?
1.Subjective
2.Objective
3.Assessment
4.Plan Right Ans - A. 2. Objective
R. 1. The subjective section includes information provided by the patient.
2. The objective section provides objectively measurable information and
observations. If the patient can demonstrate exercises properly, this is an
observation and should be documented in this section.
3. The assessment section is used to provide the examiner's interpretation of
the patient's condition.
4. The plan section includes the proposed plan of care and the intended
interventions.
Which of the following laboratory reports is MOST useful in determining the
effects of chronic diarrhea and vomiting?
1.Complete blood count
2.Renal function tests
3.Serum electrolytes
4.Serum enzymes Right Ans - A. 3. Body fluid loss associated with chronic
diarrhea and vomiting may cause an imbalance in body chemistry that is best
determined by serum electrolyte testing (pp. 37, 773.e95).
R. 1. The complete blood count is more useful for determining infection, blood
loss, and clotting potential (p. 773.e300). The effects of chronic diarrhea and
vomiting are most associated with loss of fluid, which may cause an imbalance
in body chemistry that is best determined by serum electrolyte testing (p.
773.e95)
2. Gastrointestinal bleeding would increase blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels,
which is measured by kidney function tests. This patient has chronic diarrhea
and vomiting. (p. 773.e298)
3. Body fluid loss associated with chronic diarrhea and vomiting may cause an
imbalance in body chemistry that is best determined by serum electrolyte
testing (pp. 37, 773.e95).
4. Enzymes catalyze the chemical reactions that cells need to stay alive, but
the enzymes are not destroyed. The types and amounts of enzymes circulating
in the bloodstream can indicate which cells (and therefore which organs) are
damaged (p. 773.e307). The effects of chronic diarrhea and vomiting are most
,associated with loss of fluid, which may cause an imbalance in body chemistry
that is best determined by serum electrolyte testing. (pp. 37, 773.e95)
Which of the following tests is used to assess volitional movement of the
extremities after an individual has had a cerebrovascular accident?
1.Functional Reach Test
2.Functional Status Index
3.Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (Tinetti)
4.Fugl-Meyer Assessment Right Ans - A. 4
1. The Functional Reach Test assesses balance and fall risk but does not
provide specific information about volitional movement (O'Sullivan, pp. 216-
217).
2. The Functional Status Index is a self-report tool in which patients rate their
ability to perform various tasks. It is not limited to patients who had a
cerebrovascular accident. (Pagliarulo)
3. The Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (Tinetti) assesses balance
and gait and is used in the context of many different diagnoses (O'Sullivan, pp.
213, 216).
4. The Fugl-Meyer Assessment uses an ordinal scale to assess volitional motor
performance in people who have hemiplegia (O'Sullivan, p. 624).
For a patient who had a total shoulder arthroplasty 5 days ago, which of the
following interventions would MOST effectively minimize joint adhesions?
1.Active range of motion in the scapular plane
2.Gentle muscle sets with the upper extremity immobilized in a sling
3.Passive range of motion in a pain-free range
4.Joint mobilization using small-amplitude oscillations into tissue resistance
Right Ans - A. 3.Passive range of motion in a pain-free range
R. 1. Shoulder active range of motion is contraindicated in the maximal
protection phase (immediate post operative phase) after shoulder
arthroplasty. Only passive or active assisted range of motion is indicated. (pp.
562, 564)
2. Gentle muscle setting is primarily used to address muscle inhibition,
atrophy, and guarding. Range of motion is most appropriate for addressing
adhesions. (p. 565)
3. During the maximal protection phase of shoulder arthroplasty, only passive
range of motion, grade I and II distraction and glides, and pendulum exercises
are indicated to maintain joint integrity and mobility (p. 564).
, 4. Stretching is contraindicated in the maximal protection phase after
shoulder arthroplasty. Small-amplitude oscillations performed at the limit of
available motion and into tissue resistance (grade IV mobilizations) go beyond
available range of motion. These mobilizations would be appropriate during
the minimal protection phase and return-to-function phase at 12-16 weeks
postoperatively. (p. 567)
A patient with a recent history of immobilization has a new onset of unilateral
leg swelling with dependent edema. This condition is MOST likely due to:
1.congestive heart failure.
2.peripheral arterial disease.
3.deep vein thrombosis.
4.lymphedema. Right Ans - A. deep vein thrombosis
R. 1. Rapid onset of unilateral leg swelling with dependent edema is a
symptom of deep vein thrombosis, not congestive heart failure (pp. 608-609).
2. Intermittent claudication is a symptom of peripheral vascular
disease/peripheral arterial disease; swelling is not a symptom (pp. 491-492,
532-533).
3. Rapid onset of unilateral leg swelling with dependent edema is a symptom
of deep vein thrombosis (p. 609).
4. Rapid onset of unilateral leg swelling with dependent edema is a symptom
of deep vein thrombosis, not lymphedema (pp. 536, 609).
The MOST important precaution for preventing a nosocomial infection is:
1.wearing a mask.
2.wearing gloves.
3.proper hand washing.
4.maintaining a sterile field. Right Ans - A. 3.proper hand washing.
R. 1. Nosocomial infection is an infection that is acquired incidental to
hospitalization for treatment of other conditions (p. 85). Nosocomial
infections are commonly transmitted through hand contact rather than
through respiratory transmission (pp. 89-90).
2. Wearing gloves will not decrease the incidence of infection if the same
gloves are used when treating different patients or if hands are not washed (p.
90).
3. Contact transmission is the most frequent source of nosocomial infection,
and occurs primarily because of poor hand washing between treatment of
different patients (pp. 89-90).
