Scorebuilder Peat PTA Exam: Questions With Expert-
Level Solutions
This energy system provides immediate energy through the breakdown of
these stored high energy phosphates. If this energy system is 'fully stocked' it
will provide energy for maximal intensity, short duration exercise for
between10-15 seconds before it fatigues Right Ans - ATP-PC Energy
system
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and phosphocreatine (PC).
ATP-PC (phosphagen system, anaerobic glycolysis system (lactic acid) and
aerobic (oxygen ) system Right Ans - What are the bodys 3 sources of ATP
Every muscle cell has some amount of ATP. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is
the way your body uses biochemicals to store and use energy. There is enough
ATP in the cell that the muscle can use immediately, but only enough to last
for about three seconds. The muscle must replenish the ATP levels quickly,
using a high-energy phosphate compound called creatine phosphate.
An enzyme called creatine kinase removes the phosphate group from creatine
phosphate and transfers it to ADP to form ATP. The cell then turns ATP into
ADP, and then the phosphagen turns the ADP back into ATP. The muscle
continues to work, and the creatine phosphate levels begin to decrease. The
ATP levels and creatine phosphate levels working together are called the
phosphagen system. This phosphagen system supplies the energy needs of
working muscle, but only for 8 to 10 seconds. Right Ans - Phosphagen
System
ATP production during high intensity, short duration exercise *provides
energy for up to 15 sec. Right Ans - What is the phosphagen system used
for ?
-Major supplier of ATP *Stored glycogen is split into glucose and than into
pyruvic acid. - the energy released is ATP.
-results in formation of lactic acid
*Does not require o2
-Only uses carbohydrates (glycogen and glucose)
,-Releases enough energy for the resynthesis of only small amounts of ATP.
Right Ans - Anaerobic Glycolysis -
high intensity, short duration exercise Right Ans - Anaerobic glycolysis
system supplies ATP during what?>
used during low intensity, long duration exercise such as running a marathon.
*Yields the most ATP but required complex chemical reactions
*This system will provide energy as long as there are nutrients to utilize.
Right Ans - Aerobic metabolism
low intensity, long duration activities, - amount of ATP production is greaters
but requires a complicated series of chemical reactions Right Ans - Aerobic
system supplies ATP during ?
Anatomical Position Right Ans - Erect posture of the body with the face
forward, feet pointing forward and slightly apart, arms at the side, and palms
forward with fingers and thumbs in extension .
Frontal -divides body into anterior and posterior sections Ex: Abduction and
Adduction
sagittal - Divides body into right and left sections Ex: Flexion and Extension
transverse -divides body into upper and lower sections Ex: medial and lateral
rotation Right Ans - 3 cardinal planes of the body
Suture, Syndesmosis, Gomphosis Right Ans - Fibrous Joints (there are 3)
Synarthroses Right Ans - Another term for fibrous joints
Skull
-union of 2 bones by a ligament or membrane
-immovable joint Right Ans - Example of a suture joint
Ex: tibia and fibula with interosseous membrane
-bone connected to bone by a dense fibrous membrane or cord
-very little motion Right Ans - Ex: of syndesmosis
Ex: Tooth in socket
-2 bony surfaces connect as a peg in a hole Right Ans - Ex: of gomphosis
,synchondrosis and symphysis Right Ans - 2 types of cartilaginous joints
amphiarthroses Right Ans - Another term for cartilaginous joints
Ex: sternum and true rib articulation
*Provides SLIGHT motion
-hyaline cartilage
-cartilage adjoints two ossifying centers of bone
-provides stability during growth Right Ans - Synchondrosis
Ex: pubic symphysis
*Provides SLIGHT motion
-2 bones covered with hyaline cartilage and connected by fibrocartilage
Right Ans - Symphysis
Uniaxial joint
biaxial joint
multi-axial joint Right Ans - 3 Types of synovial joints
diarthroses - Free movement Right Ans - another name for synovial joints
*Provide what type of movement?
Synovial Right Ans - Which joints are them most complex and vulnerable to
injury?
joint cavity, articular cartilage, snynovial membrane, synovial fluid and
fibrous capsule Right Ans - Synovial joints have 5 distinguishing
characteristics. what are they?
one motion around a single axis in one plane of the body
Ex: Hinge - elbow
Pivot - atlantoaxial joints Right Ans - Give 2 examples of an uniaxial joint
Movement occurs in 2 planes and around 2 axes through the convex/concave
surfaces.
-Condyloid- metacarpophalangeal joint of finger
-Saddle - carpometacarpal joint of the thumb Right Ans - Biaxial joint
, movement occurs in 3 planes and around 3 axes
Ex: plane (gliding)- carpal joints
ball and socket - hip joint Right Ans - Multi-axial joint
free nerve endings, golgi ligaments endings, golgi-mazzoni corpuscles,
pacinian corpuscles and ruffini endings Right Ans - Common joint
receptors?
Location - Joint capsule, ligamets, synovium, fat pads
Sensitivity - sensitive to non-noxious mechanical stress and noxious
mechanical or biochemical stimuli
Distribution - all joints Right Ans - Joint receptors (Free Nerve endings)
-Location
-Sensitivity
-Primary distribution
Location -fibrous layer of joint capsule
Sensitivity - high frequency vibration, acceleration, and high velocity changes
in joint position
Distribution - all joints
-Paciniform endings are located in the periosteum near the articular
attachments and the fibrous part of the joint capsule.
-They are active at onset and termination of movement, they have a low
threshold of movement, and they are rapidly adapting.
-They are the largest cutaneous receptor and they sense quick mechanical
deformation or vibrations.
-They can only inform they body of joint movements, not static position, and
they are particularly suited to signal movement velocity, as they have also
been called "acceleration receptors Right Ans - Joint receptors (Pacinian
Corpuscles)
Location
sensitivity
primary distribution
location - ligaments, adjacent to ligaments' bony attachment
*Active at the end of joint range
sensitivity - tension or stretch on ligaments
Level Solutions
This energy system provides immediate energy through the breakdown of
these stored high energy phosphates. If this energy system is 'fully stocked' it
will provide energy for maximal intensity, short duration exercise for
between10-15 seconds before it fatigues Right Ans - ATP-PC Energy
system
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and phosphocreatine (PC).
ATP-PC (phosphagen system, anaerobic glycolysis system (lactic acid) and
aerobic (oxygen ) system Right Ans - What are the bodys 3 sources of ATP
Every muscle cell has some amount of ATP. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is
the way your body uses biochemicals to store and use energy. There is enough
ATP in the cell that the muscle can use immediately, but only enough to last
for about three seconds. The muscle must replenish the ATP levels quickly,
using a high-energy phosphate compound called creatine phosphate.
An enzyme called creatine kinase removes the phosphate group from creatine
phosphate and transfers it to ADP to form ATP. The cell then turns ATP into
ADP, and then the phosphagen turns the ADP back into ATP. The muscle
continues to work, and the creatine phosphate levels begin to decrease. The
ATP levels and creatine phosphate levels working together are called the
phosphagen system. This phosphagen system supplies the energy needs of
working muscle, but only for 8 to 10 seconds. Right Ans - Phosphagen
System
ATP production during high intensity, short duration exercise *provides
energy for up to 15 sec. Right Ans - What is the phosphagen system used
for ?
-Major supplier of ATP *Stored glycogen is split into glucose and than into
pyruvic acid. - the energy released is ATP.
-results in formation of lactic acid
*Does not require o2
-Only uses carbohydrates (glycogen and glucose)
,-Releases enough energy for the resynthesis of only small amounts of ATP.
Right Ans - Anaerobic Glycolysis -
high intensity, short duration exercise Right Ans - Anaerobic glycolysis
system supplies ATP during what?>
used during low intensity, long duration exercise such as running a marathon.
*Yields the most ATP but required complex chemical reactions
*This system will provide energy as long as there are nutrients to utilize.
Right Ans - Aerobic metabolism
low intensity, long duration activities, - amount of ATP production is greaters
but requires a complicated series of chemical reactions Right Ans - Aerobic
system supplies ATP during ?
Anatomical Position Right Ans - Erect posture of the body with the face
forward, feet pointing forward and slightly apart, arms at the side, and palms
forward with fingers and thumbs in extension .
Frontal -divides body into anterior and posterior sections Ex: Abduction and
Adduction
sagittal - Divides body into right and left sections Ex: Flexion and Extension
transverse -divides body into upper and lower sections Ex: medial and lateral
rotation Right Ans - 3 cardinal planes of the body
Suture, Syndesmosis, Gomphosis Right Ans - Fibrous Joints (there are 3)
Synarthroses Right Ans - Another term for fibrous joints
Skull
-union of 2 bones by a ligament or membrane
-immovable joint Right Ans - Example of a suture joint
Ex: tibia and fibula with interosseous membrane
-bone connected to bone by a dense fibrous membrane or cord
-very little motion Right Ans - Ex: of syndesmosis
Ex: Tooth in socket
-2 bony surfaces connect as a peg in a hole Right Ans - Ex: of gomphosis
,synchondrosis and symphysis Right Ans - 2 types of cartilaginous joints
amphiarthroses Right Ans - Another term for cartilaginous joints
Ex: sternum and true rib articulation
*Provides SLIGHT motion
-hyaline cartilage
-cartilage adjoints two ossifying centers of bone
-provides stability during growth Right Ans - Synchondrosis
Ex: pubic symphysis
*Provides SLIGHT motion
-2 bones covered with hyaline cartilage and connected by fibrocartilage
Right Ans - Symphysis
Uniaxial joint
biaxial joint
multi-axial joint Right Ans - 3 Types of synovial joints
diarthroses - Free movement Right Ans - another name for synovial joints
*Provide what type of movement?
Synovial Right Ans - Which joints are them most complex and vulnerable to
injury?
joint cavity, articular cartilage, snynovial membrane, synovial fluid and
fibrous capsule Right Ans - Synovial joints have 5 distinguishing
characteristics. what are they?
one motion around a single axis in one plane of the body
Ex: Hinge - elbow
Pivot - atlantoaxial joints Right Ans - Give 2 examples of an uniaxial joint
Movement occurs in 2 planes and around 2 axes through the convex/concave
surfaces.
-Condyloid- metacarpophalangeal joint of finger
-Saddle - carpometacarpal joint of the thumb Right Ans - Biaxial joint
, movement occurs in 3 planes and around 3 axes
Ex: plane (gliding)- carpal joints
ball and socket - hip joint Right Ans - Multi-axial joint
free nerve endings, golgi ligaments endings, golgi-mazzoni corpuscles,
pacinian corpuscles and ruffini endings Right Ans - Common joint
receptors?
Location - Joint capsule, ligamets, synovium, fat pads
Sensitivity - sensitive to non-noxious mechanical stress and noxious
mechanical or biochemical stimuli
Distribution - all joints Right Ans - Joint receptors (Free Nerve endings)
-Location
-Sensitivity
-Primary distribution
Location -fibrous layer of joint capsule
Sensitivity - high frequency vibration, acceleration, and high velocity changes
in joint position
Distribution - all joints
-Paciniform endings are located in the periosteum near the articular
attachments and the fibrous part of the joint capsule.
-They are active at onset and termination of movement, they have a low
threshold of movement, and they are rapidly adapting.
-They are the largest cutaneous receptor and they sense quick mechanical
deformation or vibrations.
-They can only inform they body of joint movements, not static position, and
they are particularly suited to signal movement velocity, as they have also
been called "acceleration receptors Right Ans - Joint receptors (Pacinian
Corpuscles)
Location
sensitivity
primary distribution
location - ligaments, adjacent to ligaments' bony attachment
*Active at the end of joint range
sensitivity - tension or stretch on ligaments
