Disease Pathologies (PEAT/NPTE Prep) - Questions
And Accurate Answers
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) Right Ans - -progressive x-linked
characterized by muscle degeneration and weakness (life threatening)
-hallmark: Gower's sign (falls, toe walking, waddling gait, difficulty w/
movement)
-typically begins around ages 3 (more common in males)
Lyme disease Right Ans - -bacterial infection caused by ticks
-hallmark: bulls-eye rash
(fever, muscle ache, chills)
myasthenia gravis (MG) Right Ans - -chronic autoimmune disorder
characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles (prevent muscle contraction)
LMN injury with no sensory deficits
-hallmark: muscle weakness/ptosis-drooping eyelid (dysphagia, diplopia,
ptosis, SOB)
-most commonly impacts women (under 40) and men (over 60)
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Right Ans - -progressive, degenerative
disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brain that affect voluntary
movement (specifically anterior horn cells) (life-threatening) both UMN and
LMN injury, has sensory and motor deficits; anterior horn destruction
- atrophy, muscle weakness, fasciculations-muscle twitch, difficulty walking/
talking
-affects both men and women of older age 40-70
Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) Right Ans - autoimmune disorder that
affects the peripheral nerves, triggered by infection that causes temporary
, paralysis (not life-threatening) LMN injury w/ sensory deficits; distal to
proximal muscle weakness
-hallmark: bilateral muscle weakness (numbness, autonomic dysfunction,
pain, difficulty w/ movement)
-more common in adult males (40-50)
Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) Right Ans - -chronic inflammatory
autoimmune disease affecting the spine
- pain and stiffness worse w/ rest (better w/ activity)
-early adulthood (18-40)
cerebral palsy (CP) Right Ans - chronic condition caused by brain damage
during or before birth that affects movement and posture
-hallmark: abnormal muscle tone (hyper-reflexive, spasticity, stiffness,
tremors)
-typically diagnosed w/i first 2 years of life (higher risk in males)
Osgood-Schlatter disease Right Ans - - Apophysitis of the tibial tubercle
affecting the growth plate caused by repetitive stress (squatting, running,
jumping)
-hallmark: bump on shin bone (swelling, pain, tenderness)
-girls: 12-14
-boys: 10-13 (more common)
rheumatoid arthritis (RA) Right Ans - -chronic inflammatory autoimmune
disease that affects the joints causing inflammation, pain, and stiffness (can
impact vital organs if untreated)
-hallmark: morning stiffness >60 min (better w/ activity, fatigue, weakness)
- common in middle aged women (30-50)
And Accurate Answers
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) Right Ans - -progressive x-linked
characterized by muscle degeneration and weakness (life threatening)
-hallmark: Gower's sign (falls, toe walking, waddling gait, difficulty w/
movement)
-typically begins around ages 3 (more common in males)
Lyme disease Right Ans - -bacterial infection caused by ticks
-hallmark: bulls-eye rash
(fever, muscle ache, chills)
myasthenia gravis (MG) Right Ans - -chronic autoimmune disorder
characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles (prevent muscle contraction)
LMN injury with no sensory deficits
-hallmark: muscle weakness/ptosis-drooping eyelid (dysphagia, diplopia,
ptosis, SOB)
-most commonly impacts women (under 40) and men (over 60)
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Right Ans - -progressive, degenerative
disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brain that affect voluntary
movement (specifically anterior horn cells) (life-threatening) both UMN and
LMN injury, has sensory and motor deficits; anterior horn destruction
- atrophy, muscle weakness, fasciculations-muscle twitch, difficulty walking/
talking
-affects both men and women of older age 40-70
Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) Right Ans - autoimmune disorder that
affects the peripheral nerves, triggered by infection that causes temporary
, paralysis (not life-threatening) LMN injury w/ sensory deficits; distal to
proximal muscle weakness
-hallmark: bilateral muscle weakness (numbness, autonomic dysfunction,
pain, difficulty w/ movement)
-more common in adult males (40-50)
Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) Right Ans - -chronic inflammatory
autoimmune disease affecting the spine
- pain and stiffness worse w/ rest (better w/ activity)
-early adulthood (18-40)
cerebral palsy (CP) Right Ans - chronic condition caused by brain damage
during or before birth that affects movement and posture
-hallmark: abnormal muscle tone (hyper-reflexive, spasticity, stiffness,
tremors)
-typically diagnosed w/i first 2 years of life (higher risk in males)
Osgood-Schlatter disease Right Ans - - Apophysitis of the tibial tubercle
affecting the growth plate caused by repetitive stress (squatting, running,
jumping)
-hallmark: bump on shin bone (swelling, pain, tenderness)
-girls: 12-14
-boys: 10-13 (more common)
rheumatoid arthritis (RA) Right Ans - -chronic inflammatory autoimmune
disease that affects the joints causing inflammation, pain, and stiffness (can
impact vital organs if untreated)
-hallmark: morning stiffness >60 min (better w/ activity, fatigue, weakness)
- common in middle aged women (30-50)
