NPTE Review - Metabolic/Endocrine: Questions With
Solutions
metabolic alkalosis commonly occurs as a result of what? Right Ans - -
continuous vomiting
- ingestion of antacids or other alkaline substances
- diuretic therapy
metabolic acidosis commonly occurs with what conditions? Right Ans - -
renal failure
- lactic acidosis
- starvation
- ketoacidosis
- severe diarrhea
what is osteomalacia? Right Ans - a metabolic condition where bones
become soft secondary to a calcium or phosphorus deficiency; usually
secondary to inadequate intestinal absorption
what is Paget's disease? Right Ans - a metabolic condition resulting in
excessive bone formation that lacks structural integrity. New bone not
replacing old bone properly.
the thyroid gland and its hormones are primarily responsible for what?
Right Ans - thyroid hormones increase the rate of chemical reactions in the
body ... overall metabolism
the parathyroid glands are primarily responsible for what? Right Ans -
maintains normal blood levels of calcium; increases reabsorption of calcium
and phosphate from bones to the blood
the adrenal cortex produces ________ and the adrenal medulla produces ________
Right Ans - corticosteroids; epinephrine
what are the hormone producing cells of the pancreas called? Right Ans -
islets of Langerhans
, alpha cells of the pancreas produce _______ and beta cells of the pancreas
produce __________. they work together to regulate _____ _____ levels Right Ans
- glucagon; insulin; blood glucose
how are prostaglandins unique from other hormones? Right Ans - they do
not circulate in the blood and instead exert their effects only where they are
produced
what are some examples of catecholamines? Right Ans - epinephrine,
norepinephrine, and dopamine
where are catecholamines produced? Right Ans - chromaffin cells in the
adrenal medulla
when is insulin released? Right Ans - when blood glucose levels are
elevated
characterize Addison's disease Right Ans - hypofunction of the adrenal
cortex resulting in decreased production of cortisol and aldosterone
signs of:
- hypotension
- weakness
- anorexia
- weight loss
- altered pigmentation
characterize Cushing's syndrome Right Ans - hyperfunction of the adrenal
gland allowing for excessive amounts of cortisol production
signs of:
- hyperglycemia
- growth failure
- truncal obesity
- purple abdominal striae
- moon shaped face
- buffalo hump
- weakness
- acne
Solutions
metabolic alkalosis commonly occurs as a result of what? Right Ans - -
continuous vomiting
- ingestion of antacids or other alkaline substances
- diuretic therapy
metabolic acidosis commonly occurs with what conditions? Right Ans - -
renal failure
- lactic acidosis
- starvation
- ketoacidosis
- severe diarrhea
what is osteomalacia? Right Ans - a metabolic condition where bones
become soft secondary to a calcium or phosphorus deficiency; usually
secondary to inadequate intestinal absorption
what is Paget's disease? Right Ans - a metabolic condition resulting in
excessive bone formation that lacks structural integrity. New bone not
replacing old bone properly.
the thyroid gland and its hormones are primarily responsible for what?
Right Ans - thyroid hormones increase the rate of chemical reactions in the
body ... overall metabolism
the parathyroid glands are primarily responsible for what? Right Ans -
maintains normal blood levels of calcium; increases reabsorption of calcium
and phosphate from bones to the blood
the adrenal cortex produces ________ and the adrenal medulla produces ________
Right Ans - corticosteroids; epinephrine
what are the hormone producing cells of the pancreas called? Right Ans -
islets of Langerhans
, alpha cells of the pancreas produce _______ and beta cells of the pancreas
produce __________. they work together to regulate _____ _____ levels Right Ans
- glucagon; insulin; blood glucose
how are prostaglandins unique from other hormones? Right Ans - they do
not circulate in the blood and instead exert their effects only where they are
produced
what are some examples of catecholamines? Right Ans - epinephrine,
norepinephrine, and dopamine
where are catecholamines produced? Right Ans - chromaffin cells in the
adrenal medulla
when is insulin released? Right Ans - when blood glucose levels are
elevated
characterize Addison's disease Right Ans - hypofunction of the adrenal
cortex resulting in decreased production of cortisol and aldosterone
signs of:
- hypotension
- weakness
- anorexia
- weight loss
- altered pigmentation
characterize Cushing's syndrome Right Ans - hyperfunction of the adrenal
gland allowing for excessive amounts of cortisol production
signs of:
- hyperglycemia
- growth failure
- truncal obesity
- purple abdominal striae
- moon shaped face
- buffalo hump
- weakness
- acne
