NUR 631 Midterm Exam - Questions With Clear, Concise
Answers
The PT time and INR measure what? Right Ans - extrinsic pathway
The extrinsic pathway is initiated by Right Ans - tissue factor III
Breast cancer in women who have the breast cancer gene Right Ans -
occurs at an earlier age
Which leukemia demonstrates the Philedelphia chromosome? Right Ans -
CML
Which leukemia has the best prognosis? Right Ans - ALL
What causes a hypermetabolic state leading to cachexia? Right Ans - TNF
(tumor necrosis factor)
What are proto-onocogenes? Right Ans - Normal cellular genes that
promote growth
What is the major cause of death from leukemic disease? Right Ans -
Infection
The primary source of erythropoietin is... Right Ans - The kidney
What is the largest cyctoplasmic organelle? Right Ans - Nucleus
Which organelle contains the DNA? Right Ans - Nucelus
Where is the nucleolus?****** Right Ans - In the nucleus
Where is RNA stored?******* Right Ans - Nucleolus
What is known as the GI tract of the cell and is coated with ribosomes?
Right Ans - Rough endoplasmic reticulum
What do the ribosomes do? Right Ans - Make proteins
,Which organlle is responsible for lipid metabolism?******
Abdundant in the muscle for calcium release Right Ans - Smooth ER
Which organelle stores calcium and detoxes alcohol from the cell? ******
Right Ans - Smooth ER
Which organelle is responsible for folding proteins and has cisternae?
Right Ans - Golgi apparatus
Which organelle is the garbage collector and uses enzymes to digest cellular
waste? Right Ans - Lysosomes
What organelle is located in the cytoplasm and is responsible for ATP
production? Right Ans - Mitochondria
What are the functions of the plasma membrane? Right Ans - transport
nutrients and waste products, generate membrane potentials, recognition,
communication and growth regulation of cells
What composes the phospholipid bilayer? Right Ans - Hydrophobic head
and hydrophillic tail
What can pass the bilayer by simple diffusion? Right Ans - Gases, fat
soluable vitamins and water
what cant pass by simple diffusion? Right Ans - glucose, sucrose and ions
(hydrogen, sodium, potassium, chloride and calcium)
what must polar charged molecules use to cross the bilayer? Right Ans -
carriers, proteins or pumps
what is facilitated diffusion? Right Ans - diffusion (high concentration to
low concentration) but with transmembrane proteins
What is a GLUT protein transporter to transport glucose an example of?
Right Ans - Facilitated diffusion
,Uses combined effects of concentration and electrical gradients Right Ans -
Electrochemical gradient
What kind of cellular receptor is the sodium potassium pump? Right Ans -
Na K Pump
The three types of carrier proteins are Right Ans - Symporter, antiporter
and uniporter
Moves molecules against concentration gradient using energy Right Ans -
Primary active transport
Uses primary active transport as a tool Right Ans - secondary active
transport
resting membrane potential Right Ans - -70mV
Action potential steps: Right Ans - 1. resting potential
2. sodium rushes into cell (depolarization)
3. absolute refractory point is hit
4. potassium rushes out of cell to lower concentration (repolarization)
5. Na K pump pumps out 3 Na and 2 K to restore RMP
Cell signaling occurs through three methods: Right Ans - Gap junctions
Cell to cell (antigen presentation)
Ligand (vessicles)
Ligands can be one of three: Right Ans - Autocrine, paracrine, synaptic
intercellular channels that permit cell to cell transfer of ions and molecules
Right Ans - gap junctions
Gap junctions found often in which type of cells? Right Ans - cells where
synchronized functions occur: Cardiac cells, vascular tone and peristalsis
What do proteins do? Right Ans - made up of amino acids, execute most
membrane functions including transport and signal transduction
, When does cell replication occur? Right Ans - -Protein mitogens and
growth hormone regulated
-when factors are favorable
Stages of Mitosis (PMAT) Right Ans - prophase, metaphase, anaphase,
telophase
What is the end result of mitosis Right Ans - each daughter cell receives 46
chromosomes (23 pairs) (23 chromosomes from each parent
chromatin condenses into chromosomes in what phase Right Ans -
prophase
in which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes align 1/2 way between spindle
poles? Right Ans - metaphase
In which phase of mitosis do the centromeres divide? Right Ans - anaphase
In which phase of mitosis do the separated daughter cells arrive at spindle
poles? Right Ans - Telophase
Phase of mitosis where cells cleave off into new cells: Right Ans -
Cytokinesis
What cells does meiosis occur in? Right Ans - Sex cells (gametes)
Which protein releases E2F transcription factors to begin cell division?
Right Ans - Rb protein
what triggers Rb to release E2F? Right Ans - Cyclins
How many genes are in the genome? Right Ans - 20,000
What does DNA compose of? Right Ans - 5 carbon sugar, phosphate group
and 4 bases
What does G pair with? Right Ans - C
What does A pair with? Right Ans - T (or U in RNA)
Answers
The PT time and INR measure what? Right Ans - extrinsic pathway
The extrinsic pathway is initiated by Right Ans - tissue factor III
Breast cancer in women who have the breast cancer gene Right Ans -
occurs at an earlier age
Which leukemia demonstrates the Philedelphia chromosome? Right Ans -
CML
Which leukemia has the best prognosis? Right Ans - ALL
What causes a hypermetabolic state leading to cachexia? Right Ans - TNF
(tumor necrosis factor)
What are proto-onocogenes? Right Ans - Normal cellular genes that
promote growth
What is the major cause of death from leukemic disease? Right Ans -
Infection
The primary source of erythropoietin is... Right Ans - The kidney
What is the largest cyctoplasmic organelle? Right Ans - Nucleus
Which organelle contains the DNA? Right Ans - Nucelus
Where is the nucleolus?****** Right Ans - In the nucleus
Where is RNA stored?******* Right Ans - Nucleolus
What is known as the GI tract of the cell and is coated with ribosomes?
Right Ans - Rough endoplasmic reticulum
What do the ribosomes do? Right Ans - Make proteins
,Which organlle is responsible for lipid metabolism?******
Abdundant in the muscle for calcium release Right Ans - Smooth ER
Which organelle stores calcium and detoxes alcohol from the cell? ******
Right Ans - Smooth ER
Which organelle is responsible for folding proteins and has cisternae?
Right Ans - Golgi apparatus
Which organelle is the garbage collector and uses enzymes to digest cellular
waste? Right Ans - Lysosomes
What organelle is located in the cytoplasm and is responsible for ATP
production? Right Ans - Mitochondria
What are the functions of the plasma membrane? Right Ans - transport
nutrients and waste products, generate membrane potentials, recognition,
communication and growth regulation of cells
What composes the phospholipid bilayer? Right Ans - Hydrophobic head
and hydrophillic tail
What can pass the bilayer by simple diffusion? Right Ans - Gases, fat
soluable vitamins and water
what cant pass by simple diffusion? Right Ans - glucose, sucrose and ions
(hydrogen, sodium, potassium, chloride and calcium)
what must polar charged molecules use to cross the bilayer? Right Ans -
carriers, proteins or pumps
what is facilitated diffusion? Right Ans - diffusion (high concentration to
low concentration) but with transmembrane proteins
What is a GLUT protein transporter to transport glucose an example of?
Right Ans - Facilitated diffusion
,Uses combined effects of concentration and electrical gradients Right Ans -
Electrochemical gradient
What kind of cellular receptor is the sodium potassium pump? Right Ans -
Na K Pump
The three types of carrier proteins are Right Ans - Symporter, antiporter
and uniporter
Moves molecules against concentration gradient using energy Right Ans -
Primary active transport
Uses primary active transport as a tool Right Ans - secondary active
transport
resting membrane potential Right Ans - -70mV
Action potential steps: Right Ans - 1. resting potential
2. sodium rushes into cell (depolarization)
3. absolute refractory point is hit
4. potassium rushes out of cell to lower concentration (repolarization)
5. Na K pump pumps out 3 Na and 2 K to restore RMP
Cell signaling occurs through three methods: Right Ans - Gap junctions
Cell to cell (antigen presentation)
Ligand (vessicles)
Ligands can be one of three: Right Ans - Autocrine, paracrine, synaptic
intercellular channels that permit cell to cell transfer of ions and molecules
Right Ans - gap junctions
Gap junctions found often in which type of cells? Right Ans - cells where
synchronized functions occur: Cardiac cells, vascular tone and peristalsis
What do proteins do? Right Ans - made up of amino acids, execute most
membrane functions including transport and signal transduction
, When does cell replication occur? Right Ans - -Protein mitogens and
growth hormone regulated
-when factors are favorable
Stages of Mitosis (PMAT) Right Ans - prophase, metaphase, anaphase,
telophase
What is the end result of mitosis Right Ans - each daughter cell receives 46
chromosomes (23 pairs) (23 chromosomes from each parent
chromatin condenses into chromosomes in what phase Right Ans -
prophase
in which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes align 1/2 way between spindle
poles? Right Ans - metaphase
In which phase of mitosis do the centromeres divide? Right Ans - anaphase
In which phase of mitosis do the separated daughter cells arrive at spindle
poles? Right Ans - Telophase
Phase of mitosis where cells cleave off into new cells: Right Ans -
Cytokinesis
What cells does meiosis occur in? Right Ans - Sex cells (gametes)
Which protein releases E2F transcription factors to begin cell division?
Right Ans - Rb protein
what triggers Rb to release E2F? Right Ans - Cyclins
How many genes are in the genome? Right Ans - 20,000
What does DNA compose of? Right Ans - 5 carbon sugar, phosphate group
and 4 bases
What does G pair with? Right Ans - C
What does A pair with? Right Ans - T (or U in RNA)
