,Chapterl01:lIntroductionltolImaginglandlRadiologiclSciences
Adler:lIntroductionltolRadiologiclandlImaginglScienceslandlPatientlCare,l6thlEdition
MULTIPLElCHOICE
1. Theluseloflx-raysltolcreatelalmedicallimagelonlpatientslislreferredltolas
a. electrocardiography.
b. radiography.
c. sonography.
d. magneticlresonancelimaging.
ANS:l B
Radiographylislthelmakingloflrecordsloflinternallstructuresloflthelbodylbylpassageloflx-
rayslorlgammalrayslthroughlthelbody.lTheselrecordslorlimageslareltypicallylreferredltolaslradiogr
aphs.
REF: p.l4
2. Particularlcarelmustlbeltakenlwhenlusinglradiationlforlmedicallimaging.lThislislthelresultloflradia
tion’slabilityltolcreate inlhumanltissuelandlpossiblelbiochemicallchanges.
a. ionizations
b. radiolwaves
c. soundlwaves
d. thermallchanges
ANS:l A
Somelformsloflelectromagneticlenergy,lincludinglx-
rays,lhavelthelabilityltolionizelatomslinlmatter.lTheselionizationslhavelthelabilityltoldisruptlthelco
mpositionloflmatterlandlarelcapablelofldisruptingllifelprocesses.lSpeciallprotectionlshouldlbelpr
ovidedltolpreventlexcessivelexposureltolionizinglradiation.
REF: p.l3
3. Inltheldiagnosisloflpatientldiseaselstates,lphysicianslcanlselectlfromlanlarrayloflmedicalldiagnost
iclmodalities.lAlfewlofltheselinvolveltheluseloflionizinglenergyltolcreatelalmedicallimage.lIflalph
ysicianlislconcernedlaboutltheluseloflionizinglradiation,lhelorlshelmaylchooseltolorderlanyloflthelf
ollowingldiagnosticlmodalitieslEXCEPT
a. thermograms.
b. medicallsonography.
c. radiography.
d. magneticlresonancelimaging.
ANS:l C
Radiographylinvolvesltheluseloflx-
rayslforlthelproductionloflmedicallimages.lMedicallprocedureslsuchlaslthermograms,lsonograms
,landlmagneticlresonancelscansluselnonionizinglenergylformslandlconsequentlyldolnotlproduceli
onizationslinlhumanltissue.lTheylarelregardedlaslnonionizinglmodalitieslforlimaginglandlofferlex
cellentlalternativesltolphysicianslconcernedlaboutlradiationlexposureltolpatients.
, REF:l pp.l3-4
4. ThelGreeklphysicianlHippocrateslislregardedlaslthelfatherloflWesternlmedicine.lAllloflthelfollo
winglchoiceslrepresentlhislmedicallbeliefslEXCEPTlthe
a. useloflhighlethicallstandardsloflconduct.
b. importantlmedicallvalueloflsorcerylandlwitchcraft.
c. importanceloflcloselylmonitoringlalpatient’slconditionlandlrecovery.
d. valuelofldietlandlexerciselandlallowinglnatureltoltakelitslcourselinlrecovery.
ANS:l B
ThelHippocraticlCorpuslislwritingslthatltheylemphasizelrationallandlnaturallexplanationslforlthel
treatmentlofldiseaselandlrejectlsorcerylandlmagic.lThelHippocraticloathlstilllgovernslthelethicallc
onductloflphysiciansltoday.
REF: p.l5
5. Throughoutlthelhistoryloflmedicine,lremarkablelachievementslhavelbeenlrecorded.lTheseleve
ntslhavelledltolourlcurrentlunderstandingloflthelhumanlorganismlandldisease.lAslthislresearchl
continues,lmuchloflitlwilllmostllikelylfocuslon
a. properlsanitationlandlpubliclhealth.
b. immunologylandltheldevelopmentloflvaccines.
c. germltheorylandlinfection.
d. humanlgeneslandlgeneticlengineering.
ANS:l D
AlthoughlthelHumanlGenomelProjectlislfinished,lanalyseslofltheldatalwilllcontinuelforlmanylyea
rs.lThelreplacementloflfaultylgeneslthroughlgeneltherapylofferslpromisesloflcureslforlalvarietylofl
hereditaryldiseases,landlthroughlgeneticlengineering,limportantlpharmaceuticalslcontinueltolbel
developed.lMedicallresearchlwilllcontinueltolfocuslonlthelgeneticlcodelinlalllcells.
REF: p.l6
6. WilhelmlC.lRoentgen’sldiscoverylofl“thelx-
ray”lislregardedlasloneloflmedicine’slmostlsignificantlachievements.lAlthoughlhisldiscoverylw
aslaccidental,lhislearlylresearchlwaslsolthoroughlthatlnolsignificantlfindingslhavelbeenladdedlto
lhisloriginalltheories.lThislinlitselflislaltrueltributeltolthelbrillianceloflRoentgenl aslalscientist.lOn
eloflthelmostlfamouslearlylimageslhelcreatedlwaslanlx-raylimageloflhis
a. colon.
b. laboratorylassistant’slfoot.
c. wife’slhand.
d. kidneys.
ANS:l C
Novemberl8,l1895,lislbelievedlbylhistoriansltolbeltheldaylthatlRoentgenlcreatedlthelfamouslimag
eloflthelhandloflhislwife.lThroughlhislinvestigativelmethods,lRoentgenlidentifiedlthelpropertiesl
oflx-rays.
REF: p.l6
, 7. Alvaluablelx-raylprocedurelusedltoldiagnoselalmyocardiallinfarctionlis
a. mammography.
b. myelography.
c. arthrography.
d. coronarylarteriography.
ANS:l D
Coronarylarteriographylislanlextremelylvaluableltoollinldiagnosinglatherosclerosis,lwhichlcanlb
locklthelcoronarylarterieslandlcauselalheartlattackl(myocardiallinfarction).lBylwayloflalspeciallcat
heterlwithlalballoonltip,leffectiveltreatmentloflatherosclerosislislpossible.lThisltreatmentloflalbloc
kedlbloodlvessellisltermedlangioplasty.lAngioplastylislusedltoltreatlpatientslwithoutlhavingltolus
elinvasivelopen-heartlsurgery.
REF: p.l8
8. AllloflthelfollowinglareltruelofltheldiagnosticlprocedureloflmammographylEXCEPT
a. itlislverylvaluablelforltheldetectionloflearlylbreastlcancers.
b. thelprocedureslmaylbelperformedlusinglalgenerallradiographiclmachine.
c. radiographerslneedltolbelspeciallyltrainedlinlorderltolperformlmammography.
d. radiographerslmustlbelcertifiedlbylthelARRTltolqualifylforlthelmammographylexa
mination.
ANS:l B
Speciallbreastlimaginglcenterslhavelbeenlbuiltltolaccommodateltheldemandlforlmammographyl
procedures.lEquipmentlandlsupplies,lsuchlaslalspeciallyldesignedlx-rayltubelandlhigh-
resolutionldigitallimagingldetectors,larelusedltolcreatelhigh-
qualitylbreastlimages.lMammographylcannotlbelperformedlusinglgenerallx-raylequipment.
REF: p.l8
9. Tolstudylthelbloodlvesselsloflthelbrain,lkidneys,lliver,landlotherlorgans,lcontrastlmateriallisladmi
nisteredlintoltheselvesselslbylusing
a. catheters.
b. stents.
c. balloons.
d. noneloflthelabove.
ANS:l A
Angiographylisltheltermlforlradiologiclexaminationloflthelbloodlvesselslafterlinjectionloflalcont
rastlmedium.lMostloften,lthelcontrastlmateriallislinjectedlthroughlalcatheter,lwhichlcanlbeldirect
edltolalvarietyloflmajorlarterieslorlveinslforlvisualizationlofltheselstructures.
REF: p.l8
10. Radiologiclsciencelcontinuesltolbeloneloflthelmostlexcitinglprofessionslinlmedicine.lAnlima
ginglmodalitylthatluseslnolionizinglradiationlandlthelenergyloflradiolwaveslandlmagneticlfie
ldslis
a. nuclearlimaging.
b. thermography.
c. CVIT.
Adler:lIntroductionltolRadiologiclandlImaginglScienceslandlPatientlCare,l6thlEdition
MULTIPLElCHOICE
1. Theluseloflx-raysltolcreatelalmedicallimagelonlpatientslislreferredltolas
a. electrocardiography.
b. radiography.
c. sonography.
d. magneticlresonancelimaging.
ANS:l B
Radiographylislthelmakingloflrecordsloflinternallstructuresloflthelbodylbylpassageloflx-
rayslorlgammalrayslthroughlthelbody.lTheselrecordslorlimageslareltypicallylreferredltolaslradiogr
aphs.
REF: p.l4
2. Particularlcarelmustlbeltakenlwhenlusinglradiationlforlmedicallimaging.lThislislthelresultloflradia
tion’slabilityltolcreate inlhumanltissuelandlpossiblelbiochemicallchanges.
a. ionizations
b. radiolwaves
c. soundlwaves
d. thermallchanges
ANS:l A
Somelformsloflelectromagneticlenergy,lincludinglx-
rays,lhavelthelabilityltolionizelatomslinlmatter.lTheselionizationslhavelthelabilityltoldisruptlthelco
mpositionloflmatterlandlarelcapablelofldisruptingllifelprocesses.lSpeciallprotectionlshouldlbelpr
ovidedltolpreventlexcessivelexposureltolionizinglradiation.
REF: p.l3
3. Inltheldiagnosisloflpatientldiseaselstates,lphysicianslcanlselectlfromlanlarrayloflmedicalldiagnost
iclmodalities.lAlfewlofltheselinvolveltheluseloflionizinglenergyltolcreatelalmedicallimage.lIflalph
ysicianlislconcernedlaboutltheluseloflionizinglradiation,lhelorlshelmaylchooseltolorderlanyloflthelf
ollowingldiagnosticlmodalitieslEXCEPT
a. thermograms.
b. medicallsonography.
c. radiography.
d. magneticlresonancelimaging.
ANS:l C
Radiographylinvolvesltheluseloflx-
rayslforlthelproductionloflmedicallimages.lMedicallprocedureslsuchlaslthermograms,lsonograms
,landlmagneticlresonancelscansluselnonionizinglenergylformslandlconsequentlyldolnotlproduceli
onizationslinlhumanltissue.lTheylarelregardedlaslnonionizinglmodalitieslforlimaginglandlofferlex
cellentlalternativesltolphysicianslconcernedlaboutlradiationlexposureltolpatients.
, REF:l pp.l3-4
4. ThelGreeklphysicianlHippocrateslislregardedlaslthelfatherloflWesternlmedicine.lAllloflthelfollo
winglchoiceslrepresentlhislmedicallbeliefslEXCEPTlthe
a. useloflhighlethicallstandardsloflconduct.
b. importantlmedicallvalueloflsorcerylandlwitchcraft.
c. importanceloflcloselylmonitoringlalpatient’slconditionlandlrecovery.
d. valuelofldietlandlexerciselandlallowinglnatureltoltakelitslcourselinlrecovery.
ANS:l B
ThelHippocraticlCorpuslislwritingslthatltheylemphasizelrationallandlnaturallexplanationslforlthel
treatmentlofldiseaselandlrejectlsorcerylandlmagic.lThelHippocraticloathlstilllgovernslthelethicallc
onductloflphysiciansltoday.
REF: p.l5
5. Throughoutlthelhistoryloflmedicine,lremarkablelachievementslhavelbeenlrecorded.lTheseleve
ntslhavelledltolourlcurrentlunderstandingloflthelhumanlorganismlandldisease.lAslthislresearchl
continues,lmuchloflitlwilllmostllikelylfocuslon
a. properlsanitationlandlpubliclhealth.
b. immunologylandltheldevelopmentloflvaccines.
c. germltheorylandlinfection.
d. humanlgeneslandlgeneticlengineering.
ANS:l D
AlthoughlthelHumanlGenomelProjectlislfinished,lanalyseslofltheldatalwilllcontinuelforlmanylyea
rs.lThelreplacementloflfaultylgeneslthroughlgeneltherapylofferslpromisesloflcureslforlalvarietylofl
hereditaryldiseases,landlthroughlgeneticlengineering,limportantlpharmaceuticalslcontinueltolbel
developed.lMedicallresearchlwilllcontinueltolfocuslonlthelgeneticlcodelinlalllcells.
REF: p.l6
6. WilhelmlC.lRoentgen’sldiscoverylofl“thelx-
ray”lislregardedlasloneloflmedicine’slmostlsignificantlachievements.lAlthoughlhisldiscoverylw
aslaccidental,lhislearlylresearchlwaslsolthoroughlthatlnolsignificantlfindingslhavelbeenladdedlto
lhisloriginalltheories.lThislinlitselflislaltrueltributeltolthelbrillianceloflRoentgenl aslalscientist.lOn
eloflthelmostlfamouslearlylimageslhelcreatedlwaslanlx-raylimageloflhis
a. colon.
b. laboratorylassistant’slfoot.
c. wife’slhand.
d. kidneys.
ANS:l C
Novemberl8,l1895,lislbelievedlbylhistoriansltolbeltheldaylthatlRoentgenlcreatedlthelfamouslimag
eloflthelhandloflhislwife.lThroughlhislinvestigativelmethods,lRoentgenlidentifiedlthelpropertiesl
oflx-rays.
REF: p.l6
, 7. Alvaluablelx-raylprocedurelusedltoldiagnoselalmyocardiallinfarctionlis
a. mammography.
b. myelography.
c. arthrography.
d. coronarylarteriography.
ANS:l D
Coronarylarteriographylislanlextremelylvaluableltoollinldiagnosinglatherosclerosis,lwhichlcanlb
locklthelcoronarylarterieslandlcauselalheartlattackl(myocardiallinfarction).lBylwayloflalspeciallcat
heterlwithlalballoonltip,leffectiveltreatmentloflatherosclerosislislpossible.lThisltreatmentloflalbloc
kedlbloodlvessellisltermedlangioplasty.lAngioplastylislusedltoltreatlpatientslwithoutlhavingltolus
elinvasivelopen-heartlsurgery.
REF: p.l8
8. AllloflthelfollowinglareltruelofltheldiagnosticlprocedureloflmammographylEXCEPT
a. itlislverylvaluablelforltheldetectionloflearlylbreastlcancers.
b. thelprocedureslmaylbelperformedlusinglalgenerallradiographiclmachine.
c. radiographerslneedltolbelspeciallyltrainedlinlorderltolperformlmammography.
d. radiographerslmustlbelcertifiedlbylthelARRTltolqualifylforlthelmammographylexa
mination.
ANS:l B
Speciallbreastlimaginglcenterslhavelbeenlbuiltltolaccommodateltheldemandlforlmammographyl
procedures.lEquipmentlandlsupplies,lsuchlaslalspeciallyldesignedlx-rayltubelandlhigh-
resolutionldigitallimagingldetectors,larelusedltolcreatelhigh-
qualitylbreastlimages.lMammographylcannotlbelperformedlusinglgenerallx-raylequipment.
REF: p.l8
9. Tolstudylthelbloodlvesselsloflthelbrain,lkidneys,lliver,landlotherlorgans,lcontrastlmateriallisladmi
nisteredlintoltheselvesselslbylusing
a. catheters.
b. stents.
c. balloons.
d. noneloflthelabove.
ANS:l A
Angiographylisltheltermlforlradiologiclexaminationloflthelbloodlvesselslafterlinjectionloflalcont
rastlmedium.lMostloften,lthelcontrastlmateriallislinjectedlthroughlalcatheter,lwhichlcanlbeldirect
edltolalvarietyloflmajorlarterieslorlveinslforlvisualizationlofltheselstructures.
REF: p.l8
10. Radiologiclsciencelcontinuesltolbeloneloflthelmostlexcitinglprofessionslinlmedicine.lAnlima
ginglmodalitylthatluseslnolionizinglradiationlandlthelenergyloflradiolwaveslandlmagneticlfie
ldslis
a. nuclearlimaging.
b. thermography.
c. CVIT.
