Community Health Nursing FINAL EXAM
1. Studies in analytic epidemiology differ from descriptive epidemiology be- cause
they seek to answer what kind of questionsCorrect Answer(s) The WHY questions.
Descriptive epidemiology describes the distribution of disease, death, and other health
outcomes in the population according to person, place, and time—the who, where, and
when of disease patterns. Analytic epidemiology, by contrast, searches for the determinants
of the patterns observed—the how and why of disease patterns.
2. Nurses in community health often use epidemiology because in the commu- nity, it is
often difficult to control the environment. Which statement demon- strates an
epidemiological strategy for monitoring disease trends?
a) A community health nurse (CHN) conducts a diabetic education class for newly
diagnosed clients.
b) A CHN investigates reported cases of whooping cough in an elementary school.
c) A CHN organizes a health and wellness fair at the community health centre.
d) A CHN participates on a county school board that addresses student health
issuesCorrect Answer(s) A
Nurses are a key part of the interdisciplinary team in community settings and are involved
in the surveillance and monitoring of disease trends.
3. A CHN teaches a client with asthma to recognize and avoid exposure to asthma
triggers and assists the family in implementing specific protection strategies, such
as removing carpets and avoiding pets. What level of inter- vention is represented
by this practice?
a) Assessment
,b) Primary prevention
c) Secondary prevention
d) Tertiary preventionCorrect Answer(s) B
Primary prevention refers to interventions that promote health and prevent the occurrence
of disease, injury, or disability. Interventions at this level are aimed at individuals and
groups who are susceptible to disease but have no discernible pathology (i.e., they are in a
state of prepathogenesis).
4. A breast cancer screening program screened 8 000 women and discovered cancer in
35 women who had previously been diagnosed with breast cancer and in 20 women
with no previous history of breast cancer. What is the prevalence rate of breast
cancer in this scenario?
,a) Current and past breast cancer events in this population of women
b) Newly diagnosed cases of breast cancer in this population of women
c) Past breast cancer events in this population of women
d) Population of women who had no evidence of breast cancerCorrect Answer(s) Current
and past breast cancer events in this population of women (20+35/8000)
The prevalence rate identifies the number of persons in a population that have a disease
or experienced an event at a particular time (i.e., the number of existing [old and new]
cases divided by the population at risk).
5. One of the basic concepts in epidemiology is the concept of risk. How is risk can
be definedCorrect Answer(s) The probability that an event will occur within a
specified time period.
6. Notable developments in history have contributed to the science of epidemi- ology.
List, in order of occurrence (earliest to most recent event), the following developments
that contributed to this science.
a) Germ theory, pasteurization, and antiseptic surgery
b) Person, place, and time examined for influence on health
c) Appearance of Ebola virus and drug-resistant forms of old diseases
d) Effective vaccinations, immunizations, and mass screening programs im-
plementedCorrect Answer(s) B, A, D, C
7. A nurse is concerned about the accuracy of a purified protein derivative (PPD) test
in identifying cases of TB exposure for follow-up chest X-ray.Which measure will help
the nurse address the validity of the test?
a) Reliability
, b)Sensitivity
c)specificity
d)variationCo
rrect
Answer(s) B
Validity of a screening test is measured by sensitivity and specificity. Sensitivity quantifies
how accurately the test identifies those with the condition or trait. It represents the
proportion of persons with the disease whom the test correctly identifies as positive (true
positives). High sensitivity is needed when early treatment is important and when
identification of every case is important.
8. A description of health-related patterns in a population should take into
account which information?
a) The size of the population at risk during a specified time period
1. Studies in analytic epidemiology differ from descriptive epidemiology be- cause
they seek to answer what kind of questionsCorrect Answer(s) The WHY questions.
Descriptive epidemiology describes the distribution of disease, death, and other health
outcomes in the population according to person, place, and time—the who, where, and
when of disease patterns. Analytic epidemiology, by contrast, searches for the determinants
of the patterns observed—the how and why of disease patterns.
2. Nurses in community health often use epidemiology because in the commu- nity, it is
often difficult to control the environment. Which statement demon- strates an
epidemiological strategy for monitoring disease trends?
a) A community health nurse (CHN) conducts a diabetic education class for newly
diagnosed clients.
b) A CHN investigates reported cases of whooping cough in an elementary school.
c) A CHN organizes a health and wellness fair at the community health centre.
d) A CHN participates on a county school board that addresses student health
issuesCorrect Answer(s) A
Nurses are a key part of the interdisciplinary team in community settings and are involved
in the surveillance and monitoring of disease trends.
3. A CHN teaches a client with asthma to recognize and avoid exposure to asthma
triggers and assists the family in implementing specific protection strategies, such
as removing carpets and avoiding pets. What level of inter- vention is represented
by this practice?
a) Assessment
,b) Primary prevention
c) Secondary prevention
d) Tertiary preventionCorrect Answer(s) B
Primary prevention refers to interventions that promote health and prevent the occurrence
of disease, injury, or disability. Interventions at this level are aimed at individuals and
groups who are susceptible to disease but have no discernible pathology (i.e., they are in a
state of prepathogenesis).
4. A breast cancer screening program screened 8 000 women and discovered cancer in
35 women who had previously been diagnosed with breast cancer and in 20 women
with no previous history of breast cancer. What is the prevalence rate of breast
cancer in this scenario?
,a) Current and past breast cancer events in this population of women
b) Newly diagnosed cases of breast cancer in this population of women
c) Past breast cancer events in this population of women
d) Population of women who had no evidence of breast cancerCorrect Answer(s) Current
and past breast cancer events in this population of women (20+35/8000)
The prevalence rate identifies the number of persons in a population that have a disease
or experienced an event at a particular time (i.e., the number of existing [old and new]
cases divided by the population at risk).
5. One of the basic concepts in epidemiology is the concept of risk. How is risk can
be definedCorrect Answer(s) The probability that an event will occur within a
specified time period.
6. Notable developments in history have contributed to the science of epidemi- ology.
List, in order of occurrence (earliest to most recent event), the following developments
that contributed to this science.
a) Germ theory, pasteurization, and antiseptic surgery
b) Person, place, and time examined for influence on health
c) Appearance of Ebola virus and drug-resistant forms of old diseases
d) Effective vaccinations, immunizations, and mass screening programs im-
plementedCorrect Answer(s) B, A, D, C
7. A nurse is concerned about the accuracy of a purified protein derivative (PPD) test
in identifying cases of TB exposure for follow-up chest X-ray.Which measure will help
the nurse address the validity of the test?
a) Reliability
, b)Sensitivity
c)specificity
d)variationCo
rrect
Answer(s) B
Validity of a screening test is measured by sensitivity and specificity. Sensitivity quantifies
how accurately the test identifies those with the condition or trait. It represents the
proportion of persons with the disease whom the test correctly identifies as positive (true
positives). High sensitivity is needed when early treatment is important and when
identification of every case is important.
8. A description of health-related patterns in a population should take into
account which information?
a) The size of the population at risk during a specified time period
