Penetrating Trauma
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if the pt did not sustain neurologic injury at the moment that the
penetrating trauma occurred, there is little concern for development of SCI
don't immobilize penetrating spinal trauma
,Class II Hemorrhage
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BP drop when sitting/standing
vasoconstriction and increased HR
750-1000 mL blood loss
15-30% blood loss
100-120 pulse rate
BP normal
pulse pressure decreased
20-30 RR
CNS: mildly anxious
Spinal Shock
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immediate temporary loss of total power, sensation and reflexes below the
level of injury
hypotension
bradycardia
flaccid paralysis
48-72 hrs immediate after SCI
peripheral neurons become temporarily unresponsive to brain stimuli
3 Phase of Trauma
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Pre-Event
Event
, Postevent
Cerebral Contusions
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common in both patients with severe brain injuries and in those with
moderate head injuries
- occur from locations far from the site of impact, often on the opposite
side of the brain (coup-contrecoup injury)
- often take 12-24 hrs to appear on CT scans
- only clue to its presence may be decrease GCS
- increase dramatically in anticoag or antiplatelet med pts
Triad of Death
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coagulopathy, acidosis, and hypothermia
- markers of anaerobic metabolism and loss of energy production
Upper Airway Obstruction
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, most common cause is tongue falling backwards and obstructing the
hypopharynx
snoring, abdominal thorax movements, blood and secretion in airway
larynx obstruction due to trauma or inhalation burns with swelling
(hoarseness/stridor)
When to Press & When to Pack
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apply direct pressure and hemostatic packing and dressings for nonarterial
severe bleeding in extremities & all severe bleeding from truncal sites
Diaster
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situation in which the number of patients presenting for medical assistance
exceeds the capacity of healthcare providers
Kussmaul respirations
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rapid, deep, labored breathing
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if the pt did not sustain neurologic injury at the moment that the
penetrating trauma occurred, there is little concern for development of SCI
don't immobilize penetrating spinal trauma
,Class II Hemorrhage
Give this one a try later!
BP drop when sitting/standing
vasoconstriction and increased HR
750-1000 mL blood loss
15-30% blood loss
100-120 pulse rate
BP normal
pulse pressure decreased
20-30 RR
CNS: mildly anxious
Spinal Shock
Give this one a try later!
immediate temporary loss of total power, sensation and reflexes below the
level of injury
hypotension
bradycardia
flaccid paralysis
48-72 hrs immediate after SCI
peripheral neurons become temporarily unresponsive to brain stimuli
3 Phase of Trauma
Give this one a try later!
Pre-Event
Event
, Postevent
Cerebral Contusions
Give this one a try later!
common in both patients with severe brain injuries and in those with
moderate head injuries
- occur from locations far from the site of impact, often on the opposite
side of the brain (coup-contrecoup injury)
- often take 12-24 hrs to appear on CT scans
- only clue to its presence may be decrease GCS
- increase dramatically in anticoag or antiplatelet med pts
Triad of Death
Give this one a try later!
coagulopathy, acidosis, and hypothermia
- markers of anaerobic metabolism and loss of energy production
Upper Airway Obstruction
Give this one a try later!
, most common cause is tongue falling backwards and obstructing the
hypopharynx
snoring, abdominal thorax movements, blood and secretion in airway
larynx obstruction due to trauma or inhalation burns with swelling
(hoarseness/stridor)
When to Press & When to Pack
Give this one a try later!
apply direct pressure and hemostatic packing and dressings for nonarterial
severe bleeding in extremities & all severe bleeding from truncal sites
Diaster
Give this one a try later!
situation in which the number of patients presenting for medical assistance
exceeds the capacity of healthcare providers
Kussmaul respirations
Give this one a try later!
rapid, deep, labored breathing
