CERTIFIED STROKE REHABILITATION SPECIALIST (CSRS 2021) QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE

CERTIFIED STROKE REHABILITATION
SPECIALIST (CSRS 2021) QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS.

Types of Stroke
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(Lesson 2) - ANSWER: Ischemic: 87%
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-Thrombotic
-Embolic
-Lacunar
Hemorrhagic: 13% BB



-Intracerebral
-Subarachnoid

Thrombotic Stroke (Ischemic) - ANSWER: 48% of all strokes
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-typically occurs during sleep
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-slow progressive onset of deficits
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-50% are associated with prior TIA
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Embolic Stroke (Ischemic) - ANSWER: 26% of all strokes
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-typically occurs while awake
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-sudden, immediate deficits (sometimes seizures)
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-11% are associated with prior TIA
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Lucunar Stroke (Ischemic)
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small vessel disease - ANSWER: 13% of all strokes
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-small infarct (>15-20 cm) deep in the brain
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-onset can be gradual or sudden
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-23% associated with proceeding TIA
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-often pure sensory or motor symptoms
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-typically no higher cortical functional involved
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Intracerebral Hemmorhage (ICH) - ANSWER: 10% of all strokes
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-90% happen with the patient is under "no stress"
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-major cause of "hypertension"
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-onset may be gradual or sudden
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-8% are associated with prior TIA
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-direct correlation with high blood pressure/ hypertension
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,Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) - ANSWER: 3% of all stroke BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB



-occurs often during strenuous activity
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-cause: rupture aneurysms and vascular malformations
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-sudden onset BB



-7% are associated with preceding TIA
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Left Stroke with Right Hemiplegia - ANSWER: -Language/Perceptual problems
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-expressive aphasia BB BB



-receptive aphasia BB



-global aphasia BB BB



-alexia, agraphia , acalculia
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-apraxias: motor planning perceptual problems
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(Impaired verbal and math skills with word letter discrimination
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Left Stroke with Right Hemiplegia (BEHAVIORS) - ANSWER: -Slow, anxious,
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cautious, normal attention span
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-underestimated abilities BB BB



-emotionally labile ( abrupt mood changes) BB BB BB BB BB



-quick to anger and/or become frustrated
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Right Stroke with Left Hemiplegia - ANSWER: Perceptual problems/ Distortion of
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physical reality
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-visual spatial disorders :depth perception
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-constructional relationships BB



-directional concepts BB BB



-neglect, drawing abilities BB BB BB



-body schema perception disorders;
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-perceptual language disorders BB BB BB



language

Right Stroke with Left Hemiplegia (BEHAVIORS) - ANSWER: -fast and impulsive
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-short attention span
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-overestimate abilities/ judgement BB BB BB



-denial of illness (anosognosia)
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-lack of inhibition
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-inability to express emotions /affect is flat
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Cerebrum - ANSWER: -frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes
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-consisting of two hemispheres, left and right, separated by a fissure
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-responsible for the integration of complex sensory and neural functions and the
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initiation and coordination of voluntary activity in the body.
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initiates and coordinates movement and regulates temperature. Other areas of the
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cerebrum enable speech, judgment, thinking and reasoning, problem-solving,
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emotions and learning.
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Frontal Lobe - ANSWER: -controls voluntary movement
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,-thinking problem solving BB BB



-reasoning judgement BB



-personality

Primary Motor Cortex BB BB



(motor homunculus) - ANSWER: -located on the pre-central gyrus
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-controls voluntary movement
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-lesion to this area results in motor deficits and/or paralysis to the contralateral side
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of the body
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Premotor Cortex - ANSWER: -located just anterior to the primary motor cortex
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-controls actions of trunk and proximal limb muscles
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-responsible for body part ownership BB BB BB BB



-lesion to this area result in unilateral neglect
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Supplementary Motor Cortex - ANSWER: -located medial to the primary motor
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cortex
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-motor planning region
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-stores motor memories and directs activity of primary motor cortex
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-lesion may result in apraxia
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Broca's Area - ANSWER: Controls language expression - an area of the frontal lobe,
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usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in
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speech.
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-Speech motor area (expressive)
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-located only in the left side of the brain in 90% of people
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-can be flipped with left -handed people
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Wernike's Area - ANSWER: language comprehension
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-located in the left hemisphere in 90% of people
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-important for understanding language including: verbal sign and written language
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-corresponding area contralaterally responsible for interpretation of nonverbal
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communication
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-damage results in receptive aphasia (
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Parietal Lobe - ANSWER: A region of the cerebral cortex whose functions include
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processing information about touch.
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-perception
-processing of sensation BB BB



-spatial awareness BB




Somatosensory Cortex BB



-Sensory Homunculus - ANSWER: area at the front of the parietal lobes that
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registers and processes body touch and movement sensations (Brodmann area 1,2,
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3a and 3b)
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-located on the postcentral gyrus
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, -perceives pain, temperature, pressure BB BB BB



-touch, vibration, and proprioception
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Parietotemporal Association Cortex - ANSWER: located: BB BB BB BB BB



-posterior and inferior portion of the parietal lobe
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-overlaps parietal and temporal lobe
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-involved in abstract thought, reading and writing
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-mathematics, spatial perception BB BB



-understanding written language (angular gyrus) BB BB BB BB




Occipital Lobe - ANSWER: A region of the cerebral cortex that processes visual
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information
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-contain two important regions
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-Primary Visual Cortex BB BB



-Visual Association Area
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Primary Visual Cortes ( Occipital Lobe) - ANSWER: Responsible for:
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-visual perception
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-receiving visual input from the contralateral visual field
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Damage results in: BB BB



-hemianopsia: injury on one side BB BB BB BB



-cortical blindness : bilateral injury
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-qudrantanopia: anopia affecting a quarter of the field of vision. (describes defects
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confined mostly to approximately one-fourth of an eye's visual space)
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Visual Association Area (Occipital Lobe) - ANSWER: Located anterior to the primary
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visual cortex
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Responsible for: BB



-interpretation of visual stimuli (spatial perception & recognition of faces)
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Damage results in: BB BB



-visual agnosia: the patient can see the item however they can not recognize it
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Temporal Lobe - ANSWER: An area on each hemisphere of the cerebral cortex
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near the temples that is the primary receiving area for auditory information
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-limbic system (responsible for emotion & memory)
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-auditory system BB



-olfactory system BB



-facial recognition
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Aphasia (3 types) - ANSWER: A language disorder that affects a person's ability to
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communicate.
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-Expressive aphasia - you know what you want to say, but you have trouble saying
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or writing what you mean.
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-Receptive aphasia - you hear the voice or see the print, but you can't make sense
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of the words.
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-Global aphasia - you can't speak, understand speech, read, or write
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