HESI PEDRIATIC REAL EXAM 2024-2025 BRANDNEW!! 300+ QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH 100 % PASS RATE
The nurse is caring for a 3-year-old child who is 2 hours postop from a cardiac catheterization via the
right femoral artery. Which assessment finding is an indication of arterial obstruction?
A. Blood pressure trend is downward, and pulse is rapid and irregular.
B. Right foot is cool to the touch and appears pale and blanched.
C. Pulse distal to the femoral artery is weaker on the left foot than right foot.
D. The pressure dressing at right femoral area is moist and oozing blood.
B. Right foot is cool to the touch and appears pale and blanched.
An infant with tetralogy of Fallot becomes acutely cyanotic and hyperpneic. Which action should the
nurse implement first?
A. Administer morphine sulphate.
B. Start IV fluids.
C. Place the infant in a knee-chest position.
D. Provide 100% oxygen by face mask.
C. Place the infant in a knee-chest position.
The nurse is preparing a 10-year-old with a lacerated forehead for suturing. Both parents and 12-year-
old sibling are at the child's bedside. Which instruction best supports family?
A. While waiting for the healthcare provider, only one visitor may stay with the child.
B. All of you should leave while the healthcare provider sutures the child's forehead.
C. It is best if the sibling goes to the waiting room until the suturing is completed.
D. Please decide who will stay when the healthcare provider begins suturing.
D. Please decide who will stay when the healthcare provider begins suturing.
While teaching a parenting class to new parents the nurse describes the needs of infants and toddlers
regarding discipline and limit setting. What is the most important reason for implementing such
parenting behaviors?
A. Children need help in developing social skills.
B. This age child fears loss of self-control.
C. They provide the child with a sense of security.
D. Children must learn to deal with authority.
C. They provide the child with a sense of security.
The parents of a newborn infant with hypospadias are concerned about when the surgical correction
should occur. What information should the nurse provide?
A. Repair should be done by one month to prevent bladder infection.
B. To form a proper urethra repair, it should be done after sexual maturity.
C. Surgery should be done by one month to prevent bladder infections
D. Delaying the repair until school age reduces castration fears.
,A. Repair should be done by one month to prevent bladder infection.
While auscultating the lung sounds of a 5-year-old Chinese boy who recently completed antibiotic
therapy for pneumonia, the nurse notices symmetrical, round, bruise-like blemishes on his chest. What
action is best for the nurse to take?
A. Identify the antibiotic used to treat the pneumonia.
B. Inquire about the use of alternative methods of treatment.
C. Ask the parents if the child has been in a recent accident.
D. Report suspected child abuse to the authorities.
B. Inquire about the use of alternative methods of treatment.
A child witch acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) who is receiving chemotherapy via a subclavian IV
infusion, has an oral temperature of 103 degrees. In assessing the IV site, the nurse determines that
there
are no signs of infection at the site. Which intervention is the most important for the nurse to
implement?
A. Obtain specimen for blood cultures.
B. Assess the CBC.
C. Monitor the oral temperature every hour.
D. Administer acetaminophen as prescribed.
A. Obtain specimen for blood cultures.
The nurse is caring for an infant scheduled for reduction of intussusceptions. The day before the
scheduled procedure the infant passes a soft-formed brown stool. Which intervention should the nurse
implement?
A. Instruct the parents that the infant needs to be NPO.
B. Notify the healthcare provider of the passage of brown stool.
C. Obtain a stool specimen for laboratory analysis.
D. Ask the parents about recent changes in the infant's diet.
B. Notify the healthcare provider of the passage of brown stool.
The mother of a 4-month-old asks the nurse for advice in preventing diaper rash. What suggestion
should the nurse provide?
A. At diaper change generously powder the baby's diaper area witch talcum powder to promote
dryness.
B. Wash the diaper area every 2 hours with soap and water to help prevent skin breakdown.
C. Use a barrier cream, such as zinc oxide, which does not have to be completely removed with each
diaper change.
D. Place a cloth diaper inside the disposable diaper for overnight periods when increased wearing time is
likely.
C. Use a barrier cream, such as zinc oxide, which does not have to be completely removed with each
diaper change.
,Which statement by a school aged client going to summer camp indicates the best understanding of the
mode of transmission of Lyme disease?
A. I'll cover my mouth with a wet cloth if there's too much dust blowing.
B. Cuts and scrapes need to be washed out and covered right away.
C. I'm not going to swim where the water is standing still or feels too hot.
D. I have to wear long sleeves and pants when we're hiking around the pond.
D. I have to wear long sleeves and pants when we're hiking around the pond.
The nurse is evaluating the effects of thyroid therapy used to treat a 5-month-old with hypothyroidism.
Which behavior indicates that the treatment has been effective?
A. Laughs readily, turns from back to side.
B. Has strong moro and tonic neck reflexes.
C. Keeps fists clenched, opens hands when grasping an object.
D. Can lift head, but not chest when lying on abdomen.
A. Laughs readily, turns from back to side.
e reported immediately to a healthcare provider?
A. Oxygen saturation 94%.
B. RR of 25 breaths/min.
C. Urine output 20 mL/hr.
D. BP 70/40 mmHg
D. BP 70/40 mmHg
The parents of a 3-year-old boy who has Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) asks, "how can our son
have this disease? We are wondering if we should have any more children." What information should
the nurse provide these parents?
A. This is an inherited x-linked recessive disorder, which primarily affects male children in the family.
B. The male infant had a viral infection that went unnoticed and untreated, so muscle damage was
incurred.
C. The XXXX muscle groups of males can be impacted by a lack of the protein dystrophy in the mother.
D. Birth trauma with a breech vaginal birth causes damage to the spinal cord, thus weakening the
muscles.
A. This is an inherited x-linked recessive disorder, which primarily affects male children in the family.
The nurse finds a 6-month-old infant unresponsive and calls for help. After opening the airway and
finding the XXXX the infant is still not breathing. Which action should the nurse take?
A. Palpate femoral pulse and check for regularlity.
B. Deliver cycles of 30 chest compressions and 2 breaths.
C. Give two breaths that makes the chest rise.
D. Feel the carotid pulse and check for adequate breathing.
C. Give two breaths that makes the chest rise.
A 3-year-old with HIV infections is staying with a foster family who is caring for 3 other foster children in
their home. When one of the children acquires pertussis, the foster mother calls the clinic and asks the
, nurse what she should do. Which action should the nurse take first?
A. Remove the child who has HIV from the foster home.
B. Report the exposure of the child with HIV to the health department.
C. Place the child who has HIV in reverse isolation.
D. Review the immunization documentation of the child who has HIV.
D. Review the immunization documentation of the child who has HIV.
A 16-year-old female student with a history of asthma controlled with both an oral antihistamine and an
albuterol (Proventil) metered-dose inhaler (MDI) comes to the school nurse. The student complains that
she cannot sleep at night, feels shaky and her heart feels like it is "beating a mile per minute." Which
information is most important for the nurse to obtain?
A. When she last took the antihistamine.
B. When her last asthma attack occurred.
C. Duration of most asthma attacks.
D. How often the MDI is used daily.
D. How often the MDI is used daily.
The nurse is assessing a child for neurological soft signs, which finding is most likely demonstrated in the
child's behavior?
A. Inability to move tongue in a direction.
B. Presence of vertigo.
C. Poor coordination and sense of position.
D. Loss of visual acuity.
C. Poor coordination and sense of position.
The nurse is assessing an infant with pyloric stenosis. Which pathophysiological mechanism is the most
likely consequence of this infant's clinical picture?
A. Metabolic alkalosis.
B. Respiratory acidosis.
C. Metabolic acidosis.
D. Respiratory alkalosis.
A. Metabolic alkalosis.
A 1-year-old child with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is admitted to the pediatric unit. The nurse
observes the child presents with a fever, rhinorrhea, frequent coughing, and sneezing. Which additional
assessment finding should alert the nurse that the child is in acute respiratory distress?
A. Bilateral bronchial breath sounds.
B. Diaphragmatic respiration.
C. A resting respiratory rate of 35 breaths per minute.
D. Flaring of the nares.
D. Flaring of the nares.
A two-year-old boy begins to cry when the mother starts to leave. What is the nurse's best response in
this situation?
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH 100 % PASS RATE
The nurse is caring for a 3-year-old child who is 2 hours postop from a cardiac catheterization via the
right femoral artery. Which assessment finding is an indication of arterial obstruction?
A. Blood pressure trend is downward, and pulse is rapid and irregular.
B. Right foot is cool to the touch and appears pale and blanched.
C. Pulse distal to the femoral artery is weaker on the left foot than right foot.
D. The pressure dressing at right femoral area is moist and oozing blood.
B. Right foot is cool to the touch and appears pale and blanched.
An infant with tetralogy of Fallot becomes acutely cyanotic and hyperpneic. Which action should the
nurse implement first?
A. Administer morphine sulphate.
B. Start IV fluids.
C. Place the infant in a knee-chest position.
D. Provide 100% oxygen by face mask.
C. Place the infant in a knee-chest position.
The nurse is preparing a 10-year-old with a lacerated forehead for suturing. Both parents and 12-year-
old sibling are at the child's bedside. Which instruction best supports family?
A. While waiting for the healthcare provider, only one visitor may stay with the child.
B. All of you should leave while the healthcare provider sutures the child's forehead.
C. It is best if the sibling goes to the waiting room until the suturing is completed.
D. Please decide who will stay when the healthcare provider begins suturing.
D. Please decide who will stay when the healthcare provider begins suturing.
While teaching a parenting class to new parents the nurse describes the needs of infants and toddlers
regarding discipline and limit setting. What is the most important reason for implementing such
parenting behaviors?
A. Children need help in developing social skills.
B. This age child fears loss of self-control.
C. They provide the child with a sense of security.
D. Children must learn to deal with authority.
C. They provide the child with a sense of security.
The parents of a newborn infant with hypospadias are concerned about when the surgical correction
should occur. What information should the nurse provide?
A. Repair should be done by one month to prevent bladder infection.
B. To form a proper urethra repair, it should be done after sexual maturity.
C. Surgery should be done by one month to prevent bladder infections
D. Delaying the repair until school age reduces castration fears.
,A. Repair should be done by one month to prevent bladder infection.
While auscultating the lung sounds of a 5-year-old Chinese boy who recently completed antibiotic
therapy for pneumonia, the nurse notices symmetrical, round, bruise-like blemishes on his chest. What
action is best for the nurse to take?
A. Identify the antibiotic used to treat the pneumonia.
B. Inquire about the use of alternative methods of treatment.
C. Ask the parents if the child has been in a recent accident.
D. Report suspected child abuse to the authorities.
B. Inquire about the use of alternative methods of treatment.
A child witch acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) who is receiving chemotherapy via a subclavian IV
infusion, has an oral temperature of 103 degrees. In assessing the IV site, the nurse determines that
there
are no signs of infection at the site. Which intervention is the most important for the nurse to
implement?
A. Obtain specimen for blood cultures.
B. Assess the CBC.
C. Monitor the oral temperature every hour.
D. Administer acetaminophen as prescribed.
A. Obtain specimen for blood cultures.
The nurse is caring for an infant scheduled for reduction of intussusceptions. The day before the
scheduled procedure the infant passes a soft-formed brown stool. Which intervention should the nurse
implement?
A. Instruct the parents that the infant needs to be NPO.
B. Notify the healthcare provider of the passage of brown stool.
C. Obtain a stool specimen for laboratory analysis.
D. Ask the parents about recent changes in the infant's diet.
B. Notify the healthcare provider of the passage of brown stool.
The mother of a 4-month-old asks the nurse for advice in preventing diaper rash. What suggestion
should the nurse provide?
A. At diaper change generously powder the baby's diaper area witch talcum powder to promote
dryness.
B. Wash the diaper area every 2 hours with soap and water to help prevent skin breakdown.
C. Use a barrier cream, such as zinc oxide, which does not have to be completely removed with each
diaper change.
D. Place a cloth diaper inside the disposable diaper for overnight periods when increased wearing time is
likely.
C. Use a barrier cream, such as zinc oxide, which does not have to be completely removed with each
diaper change.
,Which statement by a school aged client going to summer camp indicates the best understanding of the
mode of transmission of Lyme disease?
A. I'll cover my mouth with a wet cloth if there's too much dust blowing.
B. Cuts and scrapes need to be washed out and covered right away.
C. I'm not going to swim where the water is standing still or feels too hot.
D. I have to wear long sleeves and pants when we're hiking around the pond.
D. I have to wear long sleeves and pants when we're hiking around the pond.
The nurse is evaluating the effects of thyroid therapy used to treat a 5-month-old with hypothyroidism.
Which behavior indicates that the treatment has been effective?
A. Laughs readily, turns from back to side.
B. Has strong moro and tonic neck reflexes.
C. Keeps fists clenched, opens hands when grasping an object.
D. Can lift head, but not chest when lying on abdomen.
A. Laughs readily, turns from back to side.
e reported immediately to a healthcare provider?
A. Oxygen saturation 94%.
B. RR of 25 breaths/min.
C. Urine output 20 mL/hr.
D. BP 70/40 mmHg
D. BP 70/40 mmHg
The parents of a 3-year-old boy who has Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) asks, "how can our son
have this disease? We are wondering if we should have any more children." What information should
the nurse provide these parents?
A. This is an inherited x-linked recessive disorder, which primarily affects male children in the family.
B. The male infant had a viral infection that went unnoticed and untreated, so muscle damage was
incurred.
C. The XXXX muscle groups of males can be impacted by a lack of the protein dystrophy in the mother.
D. Birth trauma with a breech vaginal birth causes damage to the spinal cord, thus weakening the
muscles.
A. This is an inherited x-linked recessive disorder, which primarily affects male children in the family.
The nurse finds a 6-month-old infant unresponsive and calls for help. After opening the airway and
finding the XXXX the infant is still not breathing. Which action should the nurse take?
A. Palpate femoral pulse and check for regularlity.
B. Deliver cycles of 30 chest compressions and 2 breaths.
C. Give two breaths that makes the chest rise.
D. Feel the carotid pulse and check for adequate breathing.
C. Give two breaths that makes the chest rise.
A 3-year-old with HIV infections is staying with a foster family who is caring for 3 other foster children in
their home. When one of the children acquires pertussis, the foster mother calls the clinic and asks the
, nurse what she should do. Which action should the nurse take first?
A. Remove the child who has HIV from the foster home.
B. Report the exposure of the child with HIV to the health department.
C. Place the child who has HIV in reverse isolation.
D. Review the immunization documentation of the child who has HIV.
D. Review the immunization documentation of the child who has HIV.
A 16-year-old female student with a history of asthma controlled with both an oral antihistamine and an
albuterol (Proventil) metered-dose inhaler (MDI) comes to the school nurse. The student complains that
she cannot sleep at night, feels shaky and her heart feels like it is "beating a mile per minute." Which
information is most important for the nurse to obtain?
A. When she last took the antihistamine.
B. When her last asthma attack occurred.
C. Duration of most asthma attacks.
D. How often the MDI is used daily.
D. How often the MDI is used daily.
The nurse is assessing a child for neurological soft signs, which finding is most likely demonstrated in the
child's behavior?
A. Inability to move tongue in a direction.
B. Presence of vertigo.
C. Poor coordination and sense of position.
D. Loss of visual acuity.
C. Poor coordination and sense of position.
The nurse is assessing an infant with pyloric stenosis. Which pathophysiological mechanism is the most
likely consequence of this infant's clinical picture?
A. Metabolic alkalosis.
B. Respiratory acidosis.
C. Metabolic acidosis.
D. Respiratory alkalosis.
A. Metabolic alkalosis.
A 1-year-old child with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is admitted to the pediatric unit. The nurse
observes the child presents with a fever, rhinorrhea, frequent coughing, and sneezing. Which additional
assessment finding should alert the nurse that the child is in acute respiratory distress?
A. Bilateral bronchial breath sounds.
B. Diaphragmatic respiration.
C. A resting respiratory rate of 35 breaths per minute.
D. Flaring of the nares.
D. Flaring of the nares.
A two-year-old boy begins to cry when the mother starts to leave. What is the nurse's best response in
this situation?
