UTA RESEARCH METHOD EXAM 2
QUESTIONS ANSWERS
Evidence-based practice - ANSWER-an approach to clinical decision making in
which current, high-quality research evidence is integrated with clinical expertise and
client preferences, values, and expectations
client preference - ANSWER-making decisions that are consistent with client's
values and goals
concerns about benefits/harm of treatment
willingness to comply
clinical expertise - ANSWER-the clinician's cumulated experience, education, and
clinical skills
includes clinician's own values, preferences, and expectations
high quality research evidence - ANSWER-the extent to which studies are
methodologically rigorous
based on the ability to control for bias and to demonstrate cause and effect
relationships
experimental control achieved through: use of control groups, random assignment to
groups (everyone has equal opportunity to be in either group), use of blinding
techniques if possible
independent confirmation and converging evidence form other studies (replication)
the gold standard - ANSWER-randomized control trial (true experiment)
considered the strongest evidence available because it strictly adheres to rules
concerning the control o fbias
hierarchy of scientific evidence - ANSWER-weaker study designs can be critically
important in the early stages of investigation of a clinical question
need to recognize their limitations for making clinical decisions
why is EBP necessary? - ANSWER-confirmation bias
using evidence to guide clinical decisions - ANSWER-EBP reflects a state of mind...a
constant process of inquiry
it involves asking yourself: why should I use this technique or intervention and what
is the evidence that supports it? i it based on evidence I have about client
performance, on evidence from other SLPs (professional wisdom), or on research
evidence?
EBP requires what between clinicians and scientists? - ANSWER-A balance
between the roles
, science-based practice - ANSWER-the use of scientific thinking and
procedures/methods, and interpretation of theories and models when making clinical
decisions
testing hypothesis through the scientific method
maintaining a healthy skepticism
evidence-based practice - ANSWER-evidence drawn from tightly controlled
experimental conditions
strict inclusion/exclusion criteria
highly standardized treatments
explicit procedures for ensuring compliance
answers questions about treatment efficacy
does the treatment work in idealized conditions?
importance of theory - ANSWER-theory is supposed to explain
a conceptual framework for organizing knowledge and providing a blueprint for
decision making
theories are essentially proposed explanations that must be tested in order to be
accepted or rejected
theories change over time as researchers observe new things and acquire new
perspective (science is tentative)
theories influence the questions asked, the way the research is carried out, and how
the results are interpreted
what differentiates theories that have earned respectability from those on the fringes
of science is their ability to explain and predict phenomena
applied research - ANSWER-goal is to solve practical problems; betterment of
humans
client-driven: seek to resolve a problem immediately
setting: clinical (or field)
ex: is AIT effective to treat communication problems in my client with autism?
basic research - ANSWER-goal is to increase knowledge of field; theoretical
curiosity-driven: attempt to answer scientific questions without having an immediate
sue for the answer
setting: laboratory
ex: is autism caused by disruptions in the integration of auditory and visual stimuli in
the brain?
What do clinicians and scientists share? - ANSWER-common ground
why cite? - ANSWER-uphold intellectual honesty and avoid plagiarism
helps organize and track your research process
allows others to verify your sources
acknowledges the original source, giving credit where credit is due
how to cite: authors - ANSWER-write out last name and initials for all authors
use ampersand (&) instead of word "and" when lising multiple authors
QUESTIONS ANSWERS
Evidence-based practice - ANSWER-an approach to clinical decision making in
which current, high-quality research evidence is integrated with clinical expertise and
client preferences, values, and expectations
client preference - ANSWER-making decisions that are consistent with client's
values and goals
concerns about benefits/harm of treatment
willingness to comply
clinical expertise - ANSWER-the clinician's cumulated experience, education, and
clinical skills
includes clinician's own values, preferences, and expectations
high quality research evidence - ANSWER-the extent to which studies are
methodologically rigorous
based on the ability to control for bias and to demonstrate cause and effect
relationships
experimental control achieved through: use of control groups, random assignment to
groups (everyone has equal opportunity to be in either group), use of blinding
techniques if possible
independent confirmation and converging evidence form other studies (replication)
the gold standard - ANSWER-randomized control trial (true experiment)
considered the strongest evidence available because it strictly adheres to rules
concerning the control o fbias
hierarchy of scientific evidence - ANSWER-weaker study designs can be critically
important in the early stages of investigation of a clinical question
need to recognize their limitations for making clinical decisions
why is EBP necessary? - ANSWER-confirmation bias
using evidence to guide clinical decisions - ANSWER-EBP reflects a state of mind...a
constant process of inquiry
it involves asking yourself: why should I use this technique or intervention and what
is the evidence that supports it? i it based on evidence I have about client
performance, on evidence from other SLPs (professional wisdom), or on research
evidence?
EBP requires what between clinicians and scientists? - ANSWER-A balance
between the roles
, science-based practice - ANSWER-the use of scientific thinking and
procedures/methods, and interpretation of theories and models when making clinical
decisions
testing hypothesis through the scientific method
maintaining a healthy skepticism
evidence-based practice - ANSWER-evidence drawn from tightly controlled
experimental conditions
strict inclusion/exclusion criteria
highly standardized treatments
explicit procedures for ensuring compliance
answers questions about treatment efficacy
does the treatment work in idealized conditions?
importance of theory - ANSWER-theory is supposed to explain
a conceptual framework for organizing knowledge and providing a blueprint for
decision making
theories are essentially proposed explanations that must be tested in order to be
accepted or rejected
theories change over time as researchers observe new things and acquire new
perspective (science is tentative)
theories influence the questions asked, the way the research is carried out, and how
the results are interpreted
what differentiates theories that have earned respectability from those on the fringes
of science is their ability to explain and predict phenomena
applied research - ANSWER-goal is to solve practical problems; betterment of
humans
client-driven: seek to resolve a problem immediately
setting: clinical (or field)
ex: is AIT effective to treat communication problems in my client with autism?
basic research - ANSWER-goal is to increase knowledge of field; theoretical
curiosity-driven: attempt to answer scientific questions without having an immediate
sue for the answer
setting: laboratory
ex: is autism caused by disruptions in the integration of auditory and visual stimuli in
the brain?
What do clinicians and scientists share? - ANSWER-common ground
why cite? - ANSWER-uphold intellectual honesty and avoid plagiarism
helps organize and track your research process
allows others to verify your sources
acknowledges the original source, giving credit where credit is due
how to cite: authors - ANSWER-write out last name and initials for all authors
use ampersand (&) instead of word "and" when lising multiple authors
