NEURO FINAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Stress Dwarfism - Answers :Aka Psychosocial dwarfism
Diminished growth hormone release
Enhanced GHIH
H. pylori - Answers :bacteria that causes ulcers
J.M Barrie - Answers :Writer of Peter Pan
Experienced stress dwarfism
Obsessed with writing stories about never growing up
DNA methylation and Histone Acetylation - Answers :Two kinds of epigenetic methods
DNA methylation - Answers :Methyl groups are added to DNA
Silences the gene; stops or diminishes gene transcription
Less messenger RNA and less protein
Histone Acetylation - Answers :Increase gene expression
Histones are little protein spools around which DNA is wrapped
Important for transcription
Gigantism - Answers :caused by pituitary tumors that produce too many growth
hormones
Acromegaly - Answers :caused by excessive release of growth hormones
Pacific Salmon - Answers :Uncoupling of the fish version of HPA axis
Don't have a negative feedback loop; can't turn off stress horomone
Die soon after birth
Save them by administering glucocorticoid receptor antagonist or take out adrenal
glands
Drug RU 486
Abortion drug
Also progesterone receptor antagonist
sympathetic nervous system - Answers :the division of the autonomic nervous system
that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations
also called thoracic and lumbar regions bc it lives in the lateral horn of the spinal cord
parasympathetic nervous system - Answers :the division of the autonomic nervous
system that calms the body, conserving its energy
cranial and sacral
, autonomic nervous system - Answers :the part of the peripheral nervous system that
controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its
sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms.
enteric nervous system - Answers :the nervous system of the digestive tract
adrenal gland - Answers :Important in HPA axis
Important in ANS; sympathetic
Does not get autonomic innovation
Only gets preganglionic
Bc the cells of the adrenal medulla, which releases epinephrine, are modified
postganglionic neurons
Addison's disease - Answers :Deficiency in cortisol release
Can have a stressor and go into shock and die bc HPA axis and SNS is not working
Shy-Drager syndrome - Answers :chronic orthostatic hypotension caused by a primary
autonomic nervous system deficiency.
One main deficiency in SNS function
Can have a stressor and go into shock
Cushing's syndrome - Answers :A disorder that occurs when your body makes too much
of the hormone cortisol over a long period of time.
Caused by an overproduction of cortisol from adrenal glands
Noradrenergic Locus Coeruleus - Answers :Like a small sympathetic ganglion stuck in
brainstem
Eyes are wide, ready to fight or flight
Causes neurons to be hypersensitive; widespread connections
Important in learning and memory and mood
Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
5-HT-ergic Raphe Nuclei - Answers :Lots of connections here
Important in mood and happiness levels, sleep, learning
Dopaminergic SN - Answers :Not as many connections
Black substance
Cells connect up to the striatum, which are two of the basal ganglia nuclei
Know which ones (ch. 7)
Cells that die in Parkinson's disease
Start to have deficit once you lose about 80%
L dopa will work for a while, but will have to rely on brain surgery at some point
Dopaminergic VTA - Answers :Sends localized band of fibers to frontal cortex
Small nucleus accumbens at the base of basal ganglia
Important in pleasure and addiction
Stress Dwarfism - Answers :Aka Psychosocial dwarfism
Diminished growth hormone release
Enhanced GHIH
H. pylori - Answers :bacteria that causes ulcers
J.M Barrie - Answers :Writer of Peter Pan
Experienced stress dwarfism
Obsessed with writing stories about never growing up
DNA methylation and Histone Acetylation - Answers :Two kinds of epigenetic methods
DNA methylation - Answers :Methyl groups are added to DNA
Silences the gene; stops or diminishes gene transcription
Less messenger RNA and less protein
Histone Acetylation - Answers :Increase gene expression
Histones are little protein spools around which DNA is wrapped
Important for transcription
Gigantism - Answers :caused by pituitary tumors that produce too many growth
hormones
Acromegaly - Answers :caused by excessive release of growth hormones
Pacific Salmon - Answers :Uncoupling of the fish version of HPA axis
Don't have a negative feedback loop; can't turn off stress horomone
Die soon after birth
Save them by administering glucocorticoid receptor antagonist or take out adrenal
glands
Drug RU 486
Abortion drug
Also progesterone receptor antagonist
sympathetic nervous system - Answers :the division of the autonomic nervous system
that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations
also called thoracic and lumbar regions bc it lives in the lateral horn of the spinal cord
parasympathetic nervous system - Answers :the division of the autonomic nervous
system that calms the body, conserving its energy
cranial and sacral
, autonomic nervous system - Answers :the part of the peripheral nervous system that
controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its
sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms.
enteric nervous system - Answers :the nervous system of the digestive tract
adrenal gland - Answers :Important in HPA axis
Important in ANS; sympathetic
Does not get autonomic innovation
Only gets preganglionic
Bc the cells of the adrenal medulla, which releases epinephrine, are modified
postganglionic neurons
Addison's disease - Answers :Deficiency in cortisol release
Can have a stressor and go into shock and die bc HPA axis and SNS is not working
Shy-Drager syndrome - Answers :chronic orthostatic hypotension caused by a primary
autonomic nervous system deficiency.
One main deficiency in SNS function
Can have a stressor and go into shock
Cushing's syndrome - Answers :A disorder that occurs when your body makes too much
of the hormone cortisol over a long period of time.
Caused by an overproduction of cortisol from adrenal glands
Noradrenergic Locus Coeruleus - Answers :Like a small sympathetic ganglion stuck in
brainstem
Eyes are wide, ready to fight or flight
Causes neurons to be hypersensitive; widespread connections
Important in learning and memory and mood
Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
5-HT-ergic Raphe Nuclei - Answers :Lots of connections here
Important in mood and happiness levels, sleep, learning
Dopaminergic SN - Answers :Not as many connections
Black substance
Cells connect up to the striatum, which are two of the basal ganglia nuclei
Know which ones (ch. 7)
Cells that die in Parkinson's disease
Start to have deficit once you lose about 80%
L dopa will work for a while, but will have to rely on brain surgery at some point
Dopaminergic VTA - Answers :Sends localized band of fibers to frontal cortex
Small nucleus accumbens at the base of basal ganglia
Important in pleasure and addiction
