final exam psio 201 u of a
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_e6zbfd
1. What is the law of elec- In any solution, there are as many + charges as there are - charges
troneutrality
2. how do ions enter/exit through the plasma membrane via ion channel proteins
cells?
3. What is an ion gradient? It is a difference in concentration on either side of the plasma
membrane
4. What is the intracellular intracellular: 10mM
and extracellular mM or extracellular: 140mM
sodium(Na)?
5. What is the intracellular intracellular: 140mM
and extracellular mM of extracellular: 2.5mM
potassium (K)?
6. What is an example It is an example of a primary active transport and it drives disequi-
of the sodium-potassium librium for chemical concentrations of Na+ and K+
pump(Na/K Atpase) an ex-
ample of and what does it
drive/do?
7. Why is the plasma mem- because of leak channels
brane permeable to K+?
8. What are the two compet- out of cell following concentration gradient and into cell following
ing forces that the move- electrical gradient
ment of K+ ions is influ-
enced by?
9. The movement of K+ ions
result in what?
, final exam psio 201 u of a
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_e6zbfd
charge separation(buildup of potential energy) across the mem-
brane, which is the potential energy stored across the membrane
of a living cell at rest.
10. What kind of potential electrical potential differnce
difference is across the
membrane of all living cells
at rest?
11. Is the RMP negative or pos- it is negative on the inside of cells but positive charges will move
itive on the inside into the cell if given the opportunity
12. Is the RMP K+ or Na+ dom- It is K+ dominated, K+ concentration gradient is opposed to the K+
inated electrical gradient
13. What is the RMP immedi- the plasma membrane
ately adjacent to due to
very few ions?
14. How can we change the By changing the membrane permeability which caused a change
membrane potential? in ion movement which then causes a large change in membrane
potential
15. How can we first change By making the membrane for permeable to K+ which will open
the membrane permeabil- K+ channels and cause K+ to move out of the cell. Or by making
ity? membrane for permeable to Na+ by opening Na+ channels causing
Na+ to move into the cell
16. What are all the gated Ligand, voltage, mechanical
channels?
17. What do the ligand-gated They bind and respond to chemical signals. ex: hormones
channels do?
, final exam psio 201 u of a
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_e6zbfd
18. What do the voltage-gated They respond to a change in the membrane potential. ex: excitable
channels do? tissues
19. What do the mechani- They respond to a change in pressure or stretch. ex: blood pressure
cal-gated channels do?
20. How many ions does the very few ions, a neuron could fire >1000 times without significantly
membrane potential re- affecting ion gradients at the membrane
quire to produce a large
change?
21. Where are large changes In muscle and nervous tissue.
most common at?
22. What does depolarization It causes the membrane potential to be less negative. It causes
do? positive ions to ICF and negative ions to ECF.
23. What does repolarization It causes the membrane potential to be more negative. It causes
do? negative ions into the ICF, and positive ions into the ECF.
24. What does hyperpolariza- It causes the membrane potential to be more negative than it
tion do? already is and goes past the resting membrane potential (below
70mV). It brings negative ions into ICF, and positive ions into ECF
25. What so excitable tissues They use changes in membrane potential to quickly respond to
do? stimuli. They cause muscle tissues to contract and nervous tissues
to have rapid transmission of signals to other cells
26. what can neurons do to a They can excite it and change the membrane potential to generate
membrane potential? an electrical signal. most common example is opening/closing of
voltage-gated sodium channels
27. Where are ligand-gat- They are found in dendrites and soma. They open/close in response
ed and mechanically-gated to binding of chemical signals or stretch
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_e6zbfd
1. What is the law of elec- In any solution, there are as many + charges as there are - charges
troneutrality
2. how do ions enter/exit through the plasma membrane via ion channel proteins
cells?
3. What is an ion gradient? It is a difference in concentration on either side of the plasma
membrane
4. What is the intracellular intracellular: 10mM
and extracellular mM or extracellular: 140mM
sodium(Na)?
5. What is the intracellular intracellular: 140mM
and extracellular mM of extracellular: 2.5mM
potassium (K)?
6. What is an example It is an example of a primary active transport and it drives disequi-
of the sodium-potassium librium for chemical concentrations of Na+ and K+
pump(Na/K Atpase) an ex-
ample of and what does it
drive/do?
7. Why is the plasma mem- because of leak channels
brane permeable to K+?
8. What are the two compet- out of cell following concentration gradient and into cell following
ing forces that the move- electrical gradient
ment of K+ ions is influ-
enced by?
9. The movement of K+ ions
result in what?
, final exam psio 201 u of a
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_e6zbfd
charge separation(buildup of potential energy) across the mem-
brane, which is the potential energy stored across the membrane
of a living cell at rest.
10. What kind of potential electrical potential differnce
difference is across the
membrane of all living cells
at rest?
11. Is the RMP negative or pos- it is negative on the inside of cells but positive charges will move
itive on the inside into the cell if given the opportunity
12. Is the RMP K+ or Na+ dom- It is K+ dominated, K+ concentration gradient is opposed to the K+
inated electrical gradient
13. What is the RMP immedi- the plasma membrane
ately adjacent to due to
very few ions?
14. How can we change the By changing the membrane permeability which caused a change
membrane potential? in ion movement which then causes a large change in membrane
potential
15. How can we first change By making the membrane for permeable to K+ which will open
the membrane permeabil- K+ channels and cause K+ to move out of the cell. Or by making
ity? membrane for permeable to Na+ by opening Na+ channels causing
Na+ to move into the cell
16. What are all the gated Ligand, voltage, mechanical
channels?
17. What do the ligand-gated They bind and respond to chemical signals. ex: hormones
channels do?
, final exam psio 201 u of a
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_e6zbfd
18. What do the voltage-gated They respond to a change in the membrane potential. ex: excitable
channels do? tissues
19. What do the mechani- They respond to a change in pressure or stretch. ex: blood pressure
cal-gated channels do?
20. How many ions does the very few ions, a neuron could fire >1000 times without significantly
membrane potential re- affecting ion gradients at the membrane
quire to produce a large
change?
21. Where are large changes In muscle and nervous tissue.
most common at?
22. What does depolarization It causes the membrane potential to be less negative. It causes
do? positive ions to ICF and negative ions to ECF.
23. What does repolarization It causes the membrane potential to be more negative. It causes
do? negative ions into the ICF, and positive ions into the ECF.
24. What does hyperpolariza- It causes the membrane potential to be more negative than it
tion do? already is and goes past the resting membrane potential (below
70mV). It brings negative ions into ICF, and positive ions into ECF
25. What so excitable tissues They use changes in membrane potential to quickly respond to
do? stimuli. They cause muscle tissues to contract and nervous tissues
to have rapid transmission of signals to other cells
26. what can neurons do to a They can excite it and change the membrane potential to generate
membrane potential? an electrical signal. most common example is opening/closing of
voltage-gated sodium channels
27. Where are ligand-gat- They are found in dendrites and soma. They open/close in response
ed and mechanically-gated to binding of chemical signals or stretch
