TAMU POLS 206: Final Exam |129
Complete Q’s and A’s
Articles of Confederation - -• Adopted during the revolutionary War
• Created the confederation
• Not really a framework for national government
• Set up a government
[One-house (unitary) body of delegates & each state gets 1 vote]
• State's retain independence and sovereignty, except powers explicitly
delegated to central government
**• 9 states needed to pass law (supermajority)
**• Unanimous vote needed for any amendment to the Articles
-State legislatures select delegates to Congress
- Congress empowered to: - -• Make peace
• Make coin money
• Appoint officers for army
• Control post office
• Negotiate with Indian tribes
• Declare war
- Three-fifths Compromise - -• Population for both Taxes and representation
would be calculated by:
"whole # of free person" + "3/5 of all OTHER people"
• Representatives and direct taxes were apportioned based on this final
population
- Confederation - -• National government derives its powers directly from
the states
- More of an association of
states rather than a union
- Lasted 10 years
- Great (Connecticut) Compromise - -________ recommended a two-house
(bicameral) legislature
• First Chamber:
House of Representatives would have proportional representation (large
states); directly elected
• Second Chamber:
Senate would have equal representation [2 seats/state] (small states); state
legislature elect representatives
,- Federalists - -• Favored a new strong national government
• Favored ratification of Constitution
• Argued Bill of Rights wasn't needed for federal power was limited
• The Federalist Papers written by Alexander Hamilton and James Madison
- Anti-Federalists - -• Favored strong state governments and a weak
national government, and opposed the
new constitution
• Opposed ratification of Constitution
• Wanted Bill of Rights to declare and protect the rights of the people
- Federalism (federal system) - -• ________ is the division of power between
the federal government and the state governments
• _______ is based on the principle that the federal (national) government
derived its power from the citizens and not the states
• 10th amendment would state that powers not given to the national
government were reserved by the states of the people
• Divide power between a strong national government and the individual
states, with national power being supreme
- Two ways to amend the constitution: - -National
• Constitutional amendment may be proposed by the U.S. Congress
• Proposed amendments must be passed by a 2/3 majority of each house
• Goes from Congress → Proposed amendment transmitted to state for
ratification → Must be ratified by 3/4 of states before adopted
State
• Legislature of states may apply to Congress for a convention to propose a
constitutional amendment → if 2/3 states request, Congress MUSY call for it
• At convention, amendment may be proposed, and ratified by at least 3/4 of
the states
- Enumerated Powers - -Specific powers given to Congress
• Stated under Article I, section 8
, - Concurrent Powers - -• Those shared by the federal and state
governments
• Examples of __________.
- Power to tax
- Right to borrow money
- Can establish court
- Charter banks
- Spend money for the general welfare
- Reserved Powers - -• 10th Amendment
- Powers not delegated to the national government are reserved to the
States or to the people
- Forms the basis for many state laws
- As long as the powers are not explicitly given to the national government
and the Sup
- Dual federalism (1) - -• Chief Justice Roger B. Taney
• _______ posits that having separate and equally powerful levels of
government is the best arrangement
• Judges enforce rigid power boundaries between the levels of:
- Government
- Neither national nor state government should interfere in each other's
spheres
- Represented a revival of state's rights
- Layer Cake [Dual Federalism] (2) - -• Limits list of powers to the national
government, primarily foreign policy and national defense
• All other powers should be vested in the states
- Emergence of Dual Federalism (3) - -• Congress had power to govern
territories & admit new states → Outlawed slavery in some territories
• The Missouri Compromise (1820)
- Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
- Missouri Compromise 1820 - -• 1st major legislature compromise → Settle
the slavery issue by drowning a line between slave & free territory
NO slavery above 36°30' latitude like (except Missouri)
- Supremacy Clause - -Stating that all laws made furthering the Constitution
and all treaties made under the authority of the U.S. are "supreme law of the
land"
Complete Q’s and A’s
Articles of Confederation - -• Adopted during the revolutionary War
• Created the confederation
• Not really a framework for national government
• Set up a government
[One-house (unitary) body of delegates & each state gets 1 vote]
• State's retain independence and sovereignty, except powers explicitly
delegated to central government
**• 9 states needed to pass law (supermajority)
**• Unanimous vote needed for any amendment to the Articles
-State legislatures select delegates to Congress
- Congress empowered to: - -• Make peace
• Make coin money
• Appoint officers for army
• Control post office
• Negotiate with Indian tribes
• Declare war
- Three-fifths Compromise - -• Population for both Taxes and representation
would be calculated by:
"whole # of free person" + "3/5 of all OTHER people"
• Representatives and direct taxes were apportioned based on this final
population
- Confederation - -• National government derives its powers directly from
the states
- More of an association of
states rather than a union
- Lasted 10 years
- Great (Connecticut) Compromise - -________ recommended a two-house
(bicameral) legislature
• First Chamber:
House of Representatives would have proportional representation (large
states); directly elected
• Second Chamber:
Senate would have equal representation [2 seats/state] (small states); state
legislature elect representatives
,- Federalists - -• Favored a new strong national government
• Favored ratification of Constitution
• Argued Bill of Rights wasn't needed for federal power was limited
• The Federalist Papers written by Alexander Hamilton and James Madison
- Anti-Federalists - -• Favored strong state governments and a weak
national government, and opposed the
new constitution
• Opposed ratification of Constitution
• Wanted Bill of Rights to declare and protect the rights of the people
- Federalism (federal system) - -• ________ is the division of power between
the federal government and the state governments
• _______ is based on the principle that the federal (national) government
derived its power from the citizens and not the states
• 10th amendment would state that powers not given to the national
government were reserved by the states of the people
• Divide power between a strong national government and the individual
states, with national power being supreme
- Two ways to amend the constitution: - -National
• Constitutional amendment may be proposed by the U.S. Congress
• Proposed amendments must be passed by a 2/3 majority of each house
• Goes from Congress → Proposed amendment transmitted to state for
ratification → Must be ratified by 3/4 of states before adopted
State
• Legislature of states may apply to Congress for a convention to propose a
constitutional amendment → if 2/3 states request, Congress MUSY call for it
• At convention, amendment may be proposed, and ratified by at least 3/4 of
the states
- Enumerated Powers - -Specific powers given to Congress
• Stated under Article I, section 8
, - Concurrent Powers - -• Those shared by the federal and state
governments
• Examples of __________.
- Power to tax
- Right to borrow money
- Can establish court
- Charter banks
- Spend money for the general welfare
- Reserved Powers - -• 10th Amendment
- Powers not delegated to the national government are reserved to the
States or to the people
- Forms the basis for many state laws
- As long as the powers are not explicitly given to the national government
and the Sup
- Dual federalism (1) - -• Chief Justice Roger B. Taney
• _______ posits that having separate and equally powerful levels of
government is the best arrangement
• Judges enforce rigid power boundaries between the levels of:
- Government
- Neither national nor state government should interfere in each other's
spheres
- Represented a revival of state's rights
- Layer Cake [Dual Federalism] (2) - -• Limits list of powers to the national
government, primarily foreign policy and national defense
• All other powers should be vested in the states
- Emergence of Dual Federalism (3) - -• Congress had power to govern
territories & admit new states → Outlawed slavery in some territories
• The Missouri Compromise (1820)
- Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
- Missouri Compromise 1820 - -• 1st major legislature compromise → Settle
the slavery issue by drowning a line between slave & free territory
NO slavery above 36°30' latitude like (except Missouri)
- Supremacy Clause - -Stating that all laws made furthering the Constitution
and all treaties made under the authority of the U.S. are "supreme law of the
land"
