Whatlarelthelthreelsystemslwhereltheleffectsloflleadlarelmostldangerous?l-lanswer>>
1. thelcentrallandlperipherallnervouslsystems
2. thelcardiovascularlsystem,lincludinglthelbloodlforminglsystem
3. thelkidneys
WhatlislthelallowablelCDClquantityloflleadlinlbloodlforlchildren?l-
lanswer>>inl2012,lthelCDClreducedlthellevelsltol5lµg/dLlrenaminglthellevellaslchildlbloodlleadlr
eferencelvaluel(BLRV)lwhichlhaslbeenlfurtherlreducedltol3.5lµg/dLlonl10/29/2021.
WhatlislthelallowablelOSHAlquantityloflleadlinlblood?l-
lanswer>>OSHAlhaslestablishedlanlallowablelbloodllevellofl40lµg/dL,lwhilelalbloodllevellofl50lµg/
dLlrequireslthatlthelworkerlbelremovedlfromlthelleadlexposedlworklplace.
WhatlislthelallowablelNIOSH/CDClquantityloflleadlinlblood?l-lanswer>>25lµg/dL
Exposureltolhighlconcentrationsloflleadlcanlcause?l-lanswer>>Retardation
Convulsionsl
ComalDeath
Whatlarelthelmostlcommonlroutesloflexposureltolleadlinlchildrenlandladultsl-
lanswer>>Inhalationlandldigestion
,Whatldolleadlbasedlpaintlinspectionslfocuslon?l-
lanswer>>theylfocuslattentionlonlthelsourcesloflleadlthatlcouldlpoisonlchildrenlandlreducelthelco
stloflleadlhazardlcontrollbylidentifyinglwhichlsurfaceslarelcoatedlwithllead-basedlpaint.
Whatlhappensloncelleadlenterslthelbody?l-
lanswer>>oncelinlthelbody,lleadlisldistributedlbylthelbloodstreamltolredlbloodlcells,lsoftltissue,la
ndlbone.lLeadlisleliminatedlverylslowlylfromlthelbodylbylthelkidneyslandlgastrointestinalltract;lv
erylveryltinylamountsloflleadlarellostlthroughlperspiration
Whatlislacutelleadlpoisoning?l-
lanswer>>Acutelexposureltolleadlgenerallylmeanslexposurelforlalshortltime,lbutlatlhighllevels.
Somelsymptomslmaylincludelabdominallpain,lconstipation,ldiarrhea,ldamageltolthelbrainlandlcentra
llnervouslsystem,lfatigue,lirritability,lweakness,landlmusclelpain.
Whatlislchroniclleadlpoisoning?l-
lanswer>>Chroniclleadlexposurelgenerallylmeanslexposureltollowltolmoderatellevelsloflleadloverlal
longlperiodlofltime.
Symptomslinclude:limpairedlbloodlformation,lhighlbloodlpressure,lchangeslinlthelnervouslsys
tem,ldroopinglhand/foot,lreproductivelcomplications,ldamageltoldevelopinglfetus.
whatlislchelation?l-
lanswer>>Chelationlislthelprocesslbylwhichlleadlislremovedlfromlalperson'slbodylbyltheluseloflme
dication.lChelatinglagentslirreversiblylbindlthelleadlcirculatinglinlthelbloodstreamlsolthatlthelleadl
islexcretedlthroughlthelperson'slurinarylsystemlorlliverlandlgastrointestinalltract.
ChelationlislusedlONLYlinlcasesloflhighllevelsloflbloodlleadlunderlthelcareloflalmedicallspecialistlsinc
eltherelarelseriouslsideleffects.
,Overlthellastltwoldecadeslthelfederallgovernmentlhasltakenlalnumberloflkeylactionsltolreducelrisksl
associatedlwithlleadlexposures.lThelgovernmentlhas:l-
lanswer>>1.lbannedltheluseloflleadlinlhouselpaint
2. bannedltheluseloflleadlinlthelsolderlandlpipeslusedlinlpublicldrinkinglwaterlsystems
3. bannedltheluseloflleadedlsolderlinlfoodlcans
4. virtuallylremovedlleadlfromlgasoline;lissuedlnewlstandardslforldrinkinglwater;
5. issueslinterimlguidancelonlhazardousllevelsloflleadlinlsoillhouseholdldust;lestablishedlinltrai
ninglandlcertificationlregulations
Whatlhappenedlinl1978?l-
lanswer>>CPSC,lactinglunderlthelauthorityloflthelconsumerlproductlsafetylact,lbannedlthelsalelofll
ead-basedlpaintltolconsumerslandltheluselofllead-
basedlpaintlinlresidences,lonlotherlareaslwherelconsumerslhaveldirectlaccessltolpaintedlsurfaces
,landlonltoyslandlfurniture;
Whatlhappenedlinl1992?l-
lanswer>>TitlelXloflthel1992lhousinglandlcommunityldevelopmentlactl(thelresidentialllead-
basedlpaintlHazardlreductionlact).lTitlelXlmandateslanlinspectionlandlabatementlofllead-
basedlpaintlhazardslinlresidentiallpropertieslconstructedlpriorltol1960landlanlinspectionlandldis
closurelofllead-basedlpaintlhazardslforlpropertieslconstructedlbetweenl1960-1978
Whatlhappenedlinl2021?l-lanswer>>CDClreducedlthelchildlbloodlleadlreferencelvalueltol3.5lµg/dL
Whatlarel3lexamplesloflprohibitedlmethodsloflpaintlremoval?l-
lanswer>>openlflame/torching,lmachinelgrindinglorlsanding,labrasivelblastinglorlsandblastinglwith
outlHEPAllocallExhaustlcontrol,lheatlgunslabovel1,100ldegrees,lpaintlstrippinglinlalpoorlylventilated
l area.
Whenlarelsomelhousinglexemptedlfromltheldisclosurelrule?l-
lanswer>>1.ltargetlhousinglsoldlatlforeclosure
, 2. zero-bedroomlunits
3. short-termlrentals
4. housinglspecificallylforlelderlylorlhandicapped
Whatlisltheldefinitionlofl"lead-basedlpaintlfree"?l-
lanswer>>Forlthelpurposeloflthislrule,lEPAlandlHUDlhaveldefinedlleadlbasedlpaintlfreelhousinglasl
targetlhousinglthatlhaslbeenlfoundltolbelfreeloflpaintlorlotherlsurfacelcoatinglthatlcontainlleadleq
ualltolorlinlexcesslofl1.0lmg/cm^2lorl0.5%lpercentlbylweight
Child-occupiedlfacilitieslareldefinedlas...l-
lanswer>>albuildinglorlportionloflalbuilding,lconstructedlpriorltol1978,lvisitedlbylthelsamelchild,l
6lyearsloflagelorlyounger,lonlatlLEASTl2ldifferentldayslwithinlanylweek,lprovidedlthatleachldayslv
isitllastlatlLEASTl3lhours,lthelcombinedlweeklylvisitsllastlatlleastl6lhours,landlthelcombinedlannu
allvisitsllastlatlleastl60lhours.
Ex.lday-carelcenter,lhousing,lpre-school,lkindergartenlclassroom
WhatlislalPEL?l-
lanswer>>AlPELlislthelmaximumlexposurellimitltolalcontaminant. lTHElpellunderlOSHAlisl50lµg/m^
3
Whatlislthelstandardlregulatinglleadlexposurelinlthelconstructionlindustry?l-
lanswer>>ThelinterimlleadlInlconstructionlStandardlformedlinl1993.lUnderlthislstandard,lregulat
ingloccupationallexposureltolinorganiclleadlinlthelconstructionlindustry,lthelPELlisl50lµg/m^3lasla
nl8-
hourltimelweightedlaveragel(TWA).lThelstandardlrequireslmonitoringlthelleadllevellinlthelworke
rslbloodlforlworkerslexposedltolairbornelleadlatlorlabovelthelactionllevellofl30lµg/m^3l(8-
hourlTWA)landlspecifieslmedicallremovalloflworkerslwhoselaveragelbloodlleadllevellbasedlonl2lc
onsecutiveltestslinl50lµg
Inspectorslmaylneedltolwearlrespiratorslinlanleffortltolfurtherlminimizeltheirlexposureltolleadldust.l
SelectionloflthelappropriatelLevelloflrespiratorylprotectionlshouldlincludel.l.l.l-
lanswer>>1.lidentificationloflthelhazards
1. thelcentrallandlperipherallnervouslsystems
2. thelcardiovascularlsystem,lincludinglthelbloodlforminglsystem
3. thelkidneys
WhatlislthelallowablelCDClquantityloflleadlinlbloodlforlchildren?l-
lanswer>>inl2012,lthelCDClreducedlthellevelsltol5lµg/dLlrenaminglthellevellaslchildlbloodlleadlr
eferencelvaluel(BLRV)lwhichlhaslbeenlfurtherlreducedltol3.5lµg/dLlonl10/29/2021.
WhatlislthelallowablelOSHAlquantityloflleadlinlblood?l-
lanswer>>OSHAlhaslestablishedlanlallowablelbloodllevellofl40lµg/dL,lwhilelalbloodllevellofl50lµg/
dLlrequireslthatlthelworkerlbelremovedlfromlthelleadlexposedlworklplace.
WhatlislthelallowablelNIOSH/CDClquantityloflleadlinlblood?l-lanswer>>25lµg/dL
Exposureltolhighlconcentrationsloflleadlcanlcause?l-lanswer>>Retardation
Convulsionsl
ComalDeath
Whatlarelthelmostlcommonlroutesloflexposureltolleadlinlchildrenlandladultsl-
lanswer>>Inhalationlandldigestion
,Whatldolleadlbasedlpaintlinspectionslfocuslon?l-
lanswer>>theylfocuslattentionlonlthelsourcesloflleadlthatlcouldlpoisonlchildrenlandlreducelthelco
stloflleadlhazardlcontrollbylidentifyinglwhichlsurfaceslarelcoatedlwithllead-basedlpaint.
Whatlhappensloncelleadlenterslthelbody?l-
lanswer>>oncelinlthelbody,lleadlisldistributedlbylthelbloodstreamltolredlbloodlcells,lsoftltissue,la
ndlbone.lLeadlisleliminatedlverylslowlylfromlthelbodylbylthelkidneyslandlgastrointestinalltract;lv
erylveryltinylamountsloflleadlarellostlthroughlperspiration
Whatlislacutelleadlpoisoning?l-
lanswer>>Acutelexposureltolleadlgenerallylmeanslexposurelforlalshortltime,lbutlatlhighllevels.
Somelsymptomslmaylincludelabdominallpain,lconstipation,ldiarrhea,ldamageltolthelbrainlandlcentra
llnervouslsystem,lfatigue,lirritability,lweakness,landlmusclelpain.
Whatlislchroniclleadlpoisoning?l-
lanswer>>Chroniclleadlexposurelgenerallylmeanslexposureltollowltolmoderatellevelsloflleadloverlal
longlperiodlofltime.
Symptomslinclude:limpairedlbloodlformation,lhighlbloodlpressure,lchangeslinlthelnervouslsys
tem,ldroopinglhand/foot,lreproductivelcomplications,ldamageltoldevelopinglfetus.
whatlislchelation?l-
lanswer>>Chelationlislthelprocesslbylwhichlleadlislremovedlfromlalperson'slbodylbyltheluseloflme
dication.lChelatinglagentslirreversiblylbindlthelleadlcirculatinglinlthelbloodstreamlsolthatlthelleadl
islexcretedlthroughlthelperson'slurinarylsystemlorlliverlandlgastrointestinalltract.
ChelationlislusedlONLYlinlcasesloflhighllevelsloflbloodlleadlunderlthelcareloflalmedicallspecialistlsinc
eltherelarelseriouslsideleffects.
,Overlthellastltwoldecadeslthelfederallgovernmentlhasltakenlalnumberloflkeylactionsltolreducelrisksl
associatedlwithlleadlexposures.lThelgovernmentlhas:l-
lanswer>>1.lbannedltheluseloflleadlinlhouselpaint
2. bannedltheluseloflleadlinlthelsolderlandlpipeslusedlinlpublicldrinkinglwaterlsystems
3. bannedltheluseloflleadedlsolderlinlfoodlcans
4. virtuallylremovedlleadlfromlgasoline;lissuedlnewlstandardslforldrinkinglwater;
5. issueslinterimlguidancelonlhazardousllevelsloflleadlinlsoillhouseholdldust;lestablishedlinltrai
ninglandlcertificationlregulations
Whatlhappenedlinl1978?l-
lanswer>>CPSC,lactinglunderlthelauthorityloflthelconsumerlproductlsafetylact,lbannedlthelsalelofll
ead-basedlpaintltolconsumerslandltheluselofllead-
basedlpaintlinlresidences,lonlotherlareaslwherelconsumerslhaveldirectlaccessltolpaintedlsurfaces
,landlonltoyslandlfurniture;
Whatlhappenedlinl1992?l-
lanswer>>TitlelXloflthel1992lhousinglandlcommunityldevelopmentlactl(thelresidentialllead-
basedlpaintlHazardlreductionlact).lTitlelXlmandateslanlinspectionlandlabatementlofllead-
basedlpaintlhazardslinlresidentiallpropertieslconstructedlpriorltol1960landlanlinspectionlandldis
closurelofllead-basedlpaintlhazardslforlpropertieslconstructedlbetweenl1960-1978
Whatlhappenedlinl2021?l-lanswer>>CDClreducedlthelchildlbloodlleadlreferencelvalueltol3.5lµg/dL
Whatlarel3lexamplesloflprohibitedlmethodsloflpaintlremoval?l-
lanswer>>openlflame/torching,lmachinelgrindinglorlsanding,labrasivelblastinglorlsandblastinglwith
outlHEPAllocallExhaustlcontrol,lheatlgunslabovel1,100ldegrees,lpaintlstrippinglinlalpoorlylventilated
l area.
Whenlarelsomelhousinglexemptedlfromltheldisclosurelrule?l-
lanswer>>1.ltargetlhousinglsoldlatlforeclosure
, 2. zero-bedroomlunits
3. short-termlrentals
4. housinglspecificallylforlelderlylorlhandicapped
Whatlisltheldefinitionlofl"lead-basedlpaintlfree"?l-
lanswer>>Forlthelpurposeloflthislrule,lEPAlandlHUDlhaveldefinedlleadlbasedlpaintlfreelhousinglasl
targetlhousinglthatlhaslbeenlfoundltolbelfreeloflpaintlorlotherlsurfacelcoatinglthatlcontainlleadleq
ualltolorlinlexcesslofl1.0lmg/cm^2lorl0.5%lpercentlbylweight
Child-occupiedlfacilitieslareldefinedlas...l-
lanswer>>albuildinglorlportionloflalbuilding,lconstructedlpriorltol1978,lvisitedlbylthelsamelchild,l
6lyearsloflagelorlyounger,lonlatlLEASTl2ldifferentldayslwithinlanylweek,lprovidedlthatleachldayslv
isitllastlatlLEASTl3lhours,lthelcombinedlweeklylvisitsllastlatlleastl6lhours,landlthelcombinedlannu
allvisitsllastlatlleastl60lhours.
Ex.lday-carelcenter,lhousing,lpre-school,lkindergartenlclassroom
WhatlislalPEL?l-
lanswer>>AlPELlislthelmaximumlexposurellimitltolalcontaminant. lTHElpellunderlOSHAlisl50lµg/m^
3
Whatlislthelstandardlregulatinglleadlexposurelinlthelconstructionlindustry?l-
lanswer>>ThelinterimlleadlInlconstructionlStandardlformedlinl1993.lUnderlthislstandard,lregulat
ingloccupationallexposureltolinorganiclleadlinlthelconstructionlindustry,lthelPELlisl50lµg/m^3lasla
nl8-
hourltimelweightedlaveragel(TWA).lThelstandardlrequireslmonitoringlthelleadllevellinlthelworke
rslbloodlforlworkerslexposedltolairbornelleadlatlorlabovelthelactionllevellofl30lµg/m^3l(8-
hourlTWA)landlspecifieslmedicallremovalloflworkerslwhoselaveragelbloodlleadllevellbasedlonl2lc
onsecutiveltestslinl50lµg
Inspectorslmaylneedltolwearlrespiratorslinlanleffortltolfurtherlminimizeltheirlexposureltolleadldust.l
SelectionloflthelappropriatelLevelloflrespiratorylprotectionlshouldlincludel.l.l.l-
lanswer>>1.lidentificationloflthelhazards
