PSYCH 2035 CHAPTER 1 TEST BANK
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
An educational researcher wants to determine whether diet causes children to learn
better in school. In this study, the dependent variable is
a) the children.
b) the type of diet.
c) the age of the children.
d) a measure of learning. - Answer-d) a measure of learning.
An experimental group consists of subjects who
a) are unaware of the purpose of the study.
b) merely act as if they are unaware of the purpose.
c) receive some special treatment in regard to the dependent variable.
d) receive some special treatment in regard to the independent variable. - Answer-d)
receive some special treatment in regard to the independent variable.
A control group consists of subjects who
a) are controlled by the experimenter.
b) are allowed to control the manipulation of the variables.
c) do not receive the special treatment given to the experimental group.
d) receive some special treatment in regard to the independent variable. - Answer-c)
do not receive the special treatment given to the experimental group.
The experimental and control groups should be the same in every respect except for
the
a) number of subjects in each group.
b) variation created by the manipulation of the independent variable.
c) assumptions underlying the research question.
d) method of measuring the dependent variable. - Answer-b) variation created by the
manipulation of the independent variable.
Dr. Prather randomly assigns 100 student volunteers who experience test anxiety to
either a group that will receive training in relaxation exercises or a group that will sit
in a waiting area for the same length of time as those learning relaxation. She will
then measure their symptoms of test anxiety. Based on her results, Dr. Prather will
have evidence of
a) how well relaxation exercises work in the treatment of various mood disorders.
b) how students with test anxiety behave in a classroom setting.
c) how effective the waiting time is.
d) whether or not relaxation exercises may cause an alleviation of symptoms
of test anxiety. - Answer-d) whether or not relaxation exercises may cause an
alleviation of symptoms of test anxiety.
A research wants to know whether children eating a high-protein breakfast will have
a higher test grade. Half of the children in the study eat a high-protein breakfast
,while the other half eat their normal diet. The control group consists of the children
who
a) are not being tested.
b) eat low-protein breakfasts.
c) eat their normal diet.
d) eat the high-protein breakfast. - Answer-c) eat their normal diet.
The experimental method rests heavily on the assumption that
a) two variables are positively correlated.
b) experimental and control groups are alike in all important matters except for
the independent variable.
c) experimental and control groups are alike in all important matters except for
the dependent variable.
d) the independent variable is quantifiable and measurable. - Answer-b)
experimental and control groups are alike in all important matters except for the
independent variable
A psychological researcher is best able to draw conclusions about cause-and-effect
relationships by using which of the following research methods?
a) Survey
b) Case study
c) Experiment
d) Naturalistic observation. - Answer-c) Experiment
True or false: The dependent variable is the variable manipulated by the researcher.
- Answer-false
Which of the following best describes correlational research?
a) Exerting experimental control.
b) Manipulating an independent variable.
c) Manipulating a dependent variable.
d) Making systematic observations. - Answer-d) Making systematic observations.
A correlation exists when
a) two variables are related to each other.
b) two variables have the same underlying cause.
c) two variables are affected by a third variable.
d) a cause-and-effect relationship exists between two variables. - Answer-a) two
variables are related to each other.
A(n) ___________ is a numerical index of the degree of relationship between two
variables.
a) independent variable.
b) correlation coefficient.
c) survey coefficient.
d) experimental coefficient. - Answer-b) correlation coefficient.
A correlation coefficient indicates the __________ and the ___________ of the
relationship between two variables.
a) cause; effect.
, b) control; manipulation.
c) strength; direction.
d) positive; negative. - Answer-c) strength; direction.
A positive correlation coefficient indicates the two variables covary in the
__________, and a negative coefficient indicates that the variables covary
____________.
a) same direction; in the opposite direction.
b) opposite direction; directly.
c) same direction; directly.
d) opposite direction; in the same direction. - Answer-a) same direction; in the
opposite direction.
Mario found a +0.80 correlation coefficient between height and diet. He was able to
conclude that
a) a particular diet causes people to grow.
b) people who are taller eat more.
c) there is a strong relationship between height and diet.
d) should be careful what they feed their children because it could stunt their -
Answer-c) there is a strong relationship between height and diet.
The textbook authors write "[people] who perform poorly in high school tend to
perform poorly in college" as an example of a(n)
a) positive correlation.
b) negative correlation.
c) inverse correlation.
d) indirect correlation. - Answer-a) positive correlation.
A correlation coefficient of -0.80 indicates a
a) mild, inverse correlation.
b) strong, inverse correlation.
c) strong, direct correlation.
d) nonexistent correlation. - Answer-b) strong, inverse correlation.
Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship
between two variables?
a) -0.36
b) -0.97
c) +0.75
d) +0.15 - Answer-b) -0.97
As ice cream consumption increases... so does the incidence of drowning. This
relationship is an example of
a) a positive correlation.
b) a negative correlation.
c) cause and effect.
d) an experiment. - Answer-a) a positive correlation.
The way to determine if a study is correlational rather than experimental is that
a) a causal relationship exists between the variables.
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
An educational researcher wants to determine whether diet causes children to learn
better in school. In this study, the dependent variable is
a) the children.
b) the type of diet.
c) the age of the children.
d) a measure of learning. - Answer-d) a measure of learning.
An experimental group consists of subjects who
a) are unaware of the purpose of the study.
b) merely act as if they are unaware of the purpose.
c) receive some special treatment in regard to the dependent variable.
d) receive some special treatment in regard to the independent variable. - Answer-d)
receive some special treatment in regard to the independent variable.
A control group consists of subjects who
a) are controlled by the experimenter.
b) are allowed to control the manipulation of the variables.
c) do not receive the special treatment given to the experimental group.
d) receive some special treatment in regard to the independent variable. - Answer-c)
do not receive the special treatment given to the experimental group.
The experimental and control groups should be the same in every respect except for
the
a) number of subjects in each group.
b) variation created by the manipulation of the independent variable.
c) assumptions underlying the research question.
d) method of measuring the dependent variable. - Answer-b) variation created by the
manipulation of the independent variable.
Dr. Prather randomly assigns 100 student volunteers who experience test anxiety to
either a group that will receive training in relaxation exercises or a group that will sit
in a waiting area for the same length of time as those learning relaxation. She will
then measure their symptoms of test anxiety. Based on her results, Dr. Prather will
have evidence of
a) how well relaxation exercises work in the treatment of various mood disorders.
b) how students with test anxiety behave in a classroom setting.
c) how effective the waiting time is.
d) whether or not relaxation exercises may cause an alleviation of symptoms
of test anxiety. - Answer-d) whether or not relaxation exercises may cause an
alleviation of symptoms of test anxiety.
A research wants to know whether children eating a high-protein breakfast will have
a higher test grade. Half of the children in the study eat a high-protein breakfast
,while the other half eat their normal diet. The control group consists of the children
who
a) are not being tested.
b) eat low-protein breakfasts.
c) eat their normal diet.
d) eat the high-protein breakfast. - Answer-c) eat their normal diet.
The experimental method rests heavily on the assumption that
a) two variables are positively correlated.
b) experimental and control groups are alike in all important matters except for
the independent variable.
c) experimental and control groups are alike in all important matters except for
the dependent variable.
d) the independent variable is quantifiable and measurable. - Answer-b)
experimental and control groups are alike in all important matters except for the
independent variable
A psychological researcher is best able to draw conclusions about cause-and-effect
relationships by using which of the following research methods?
a) Survey
b) Case study
c) Experiment
d) Naturalistic observation. - Answer-c) Experiment
True or false: The dependent variable is the variable manipulated by the researcher.
- Answer-false
Which of the following best describes correlational research?
a) Exerting experimental control.
b) Manipulating an independent variable.
c) Manipulating a dependent variable.
d) Making systematic observations. - Answer-d) Making systematic observations.
A correlation exists when
a) two variables are related to each other.
b) two variables have the same underlying cause.
c) two variables are affected by a third variable.
d) a cause-and-effect relationship exists between two variables. - Answer-a) two
variables are related to each other.
A(n) ___________ is a numerical index of the degree of relationship between two
variables.
a) independent variable.
b) correlation coefficient.
c) survey coefficient.
d) experimental coefficient. - Answer-b) correlation coefficient.
A correlation coefficient indicates the __________ and the ___________ of the
relationship between two variables.
a) cause; effect.
, b) control; manipulation.
c) strength; direction.
d) positive; negative. - Answer-c) strength; direction.
A positive correlation coefficient indicates the two variables covary in the
__________, and a negative coefficient indicates that the variables covary
____________.
a) same direction; in the opposite direction.
b) opposite direction; directly.
c) same direction; directly.
d) opposite direction; in the same direction. - Answer-a) same direction; in the
opposite direction.
Mario found a +0.80 correlation coefficient between height and diet. He was able to
conclude that
a) a particular diet causes people to grow.
b) people who are taller eat more.
c) there is a strong relationship between height and diet.
d) should be careful what they feed their children because it could stunt their -
Answer-c) there is a strong relationship between height and diet.
The textbook authors write "[people] who perform poorly in high school tend to
perform poorly in college" as an example of a(n)
a) positive correlation.
b) negative correlation.
c) inverse correlation.
d) indirect correlation. - Answer-a) positive correlation.
A correlation coefficient of -0.80 indicates a
a) mild, inverse correlation.
b) strong, inverse correlation.
c) strong, direct correlation.
d) nonexistent correlation. - Answer-b) strong, inverse correlation.
Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship
between two variables?
a) -0.36
b) -0.97
c) +0.75
d) +0.15 - Answer-b) -0.97
As ice cream consumption increases... so does the incidence of drowning. This
relationship is an example of
a) a positive correlation.
b) a negative correlation.
c) cause and effect.
d) an experiment. - Answer-a) a positive correlation.
The way to determine if a study is correlational rather than experimental is that
a) a causal relationship exists between the variables.
