GMS 6552 Exam 1 questions with verified answers
Activation of NF-kB Ans✓✓✓ Cytokines
Endotoxin
Viruses
Apoptosis inducers
Carcinogens
Tumor promoters
Stress
ROS
Activin Ans✓✓✓ Type II receptors- ActRII, ActRIIB
Type I receptors- ActRIA, ActRIB, TSRI
Pathway restricted Smads- Smad 2 & 3
Common mediator Smads- Smad 4
Activin subfamily Ans✓✓✓ FSH production, erythroid cell differentiation,
mesoderm induction
Additional receptors signaling mechanisms Ans✓✓✓ Nitric oxide receptors
The Notch signaling pathway
Agonist Activation of GPCR Ans✓✓✓ Ligand binds
Promotes conformational changes
Increase in R
,Anoikis Ans✓✓✓ Form of apoptosis due to cell detachment
Antagonist Inhibition of GPCR Ans✓✓✓ Do not effect basal constitutive signaling
Do not affect receptor conformation when they bind
Apoptosis Ans✓✓✓ Type I PCD; cell shrinkage, nuclear condensation, membrane
blebbing, loss of adhesion
Apoptosis Pathways Ans✓✓✓ Extrinsic and Intrinsic
Apoptosome Components Ans✓✓✓ Apaf-1
Cytochrome-c
Caspase 9
Autophagy Ans✓✓✓ Type II PCD; catabolic process involving degradation of
cellular components by lysosomal machinery
B-Arrestin Proteins Ans✓✓✓ 1/2 are evolutionary conserved and ubiquitous
Co-regulators of GPCRS
Protein adaptor/scaffolds
Biased Agonism Ans✓✓✓ Multiple agonists activate one receptor and produce
distinct receptor conformations and consequent signals
, BMP2 subfamily Ans✓✓✓ Gastrulation, neurogenesis, chondrogenesis,
interdigital apoptosis, mesoderm patterning
BMP2/4 and BMP7 Ans✓✓✓ Type II receptors- BMPRII, ActRII, ActRIIB
Type I receptors- BMPRIA, BMPRIB, ActRIA, TSRI
Pathway restricted Smads- Smad 1,5,8,9
Common mediator Smads- Smad 4
BMP3 subfamily Ans✓✓✓ Osteogenic differentiation, monocyte chemotaxis
BMP5 subfamily Ans✓✓✓ Development, neurogenesis
BMPs Ans✓✓✓ Smads 1,5,6
Up-regulate p15, p21
Down-regulate c-Myc
Canonical Receptors Ans✓✓✓ TLRs
TNFR
BCR
TCR
Canonical Signaling Characteristics Ans✓✓✓ Rapid and transient
Independent of protein synthesis
Respond to numerous stimuli
Diverse functions
Activation of NF-kB Ans✓✓✓ Cytokines
Endotoxin
Viruses
Apoptosis inducers
Carcinogens
Tumor promoters
Stress
ROS
Activin Ans✓✓✓ Type II receptors- ActRII, ActRIIB
Type I receptors- ActRIA, ActRIB, TSRI
Pathway restricted Smads- Smad 2 & 3
Common mediator Smads- Smad 4
Activin subfamily Ans✓✓✓ FSH production, erythroid cell differentiation,
mesoderm induction
Additional receptors signaling mechanisms Ans✓✓✓ Nitric oxide receptors
The Notch signaling pathway
Agonist Activation of GPCR Ans✓✓✓ Ligand binds
Promotes conformational changes
Increase in R
,Anoikis Ans✓✓✓ Form of apoptosis due to cell detachment
Antagonist Inhibition of GPCR Ans✓✓✓ Do not effect basal constitutive signaling
Do not affect receptor conformation when they bind
Apoptosis Ans✓✓✓ Type I PCD; cell shrinkage, nuclear condensation, membrane
blebbing, loss of adhesion
Apoptosis Pathways Ans✓✓✓ Extrinsic and Intrinsic
Apoptosome Components Ans✓✓✓ Apaf-1
Cytochrome-c
Caspase 9
Autophagy Ans✓✓✓ Type II PCD; catabolic process involving degradation of
cellular components by lysosomal machinery
B-Arrestin Proteins Ans✓✓✓ 1/2 are evolutionary conserved and ubiquitous
Co-regulators of GPCRS
Protein adaptor/scaffolds
Biased Agonism Ans✓✓✓ Multiple agonists activate one receptor and produce
distinct receptor conformations and consequent signals
, BMP2 subfamily Ans✓✓✓ Gastrulation, neurogenesis, chondrogenesis,
interdigital apoptosis, mesoderm patterning
BMP2/4 and BMP7 Ans✓✓✓ Type II receptors- BMPRII, ActRII, ActRIIB
Type I receptors- BMPRIA, BMPRIB, ActRIA, TSRI
Pathway restricted Smads- Smad 1,5,8,9
Common mediator Smads- Smad 4
BMP3 subfamily Ans✓✓✓ Osteogenic differentiation, monocyte chemotaxis
BMP5 subfamily Ans✓✓✓ Development, neurogenesis
BMPs Ans✓✓✓ Smads 1,5,6
Up-regulate p15, p21
Down-regulate c-Myc
Canonical Receptors Ans✓✓✓ TLRs
TNFR
BCR
TCR
Canonical Signaling Characteristics Ans✓✓✓ Rapid and transient
Independent of protein synthesis
Respond to numerous stimuli
Diverse functions
