NURS 676 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM
REVIEW / QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
2024/2025 GRADED A+.
Why are nitrate-free periods every 24 hours necessary for the patient on nitroglycerin
therapy? - Answer-To inhibit the development of tolerance
/.What does a low level of thyroid-stimulating hormone indicate? - Answer-
Hyperthroidism
/.What would be the best option to treat a newly diagnosed patient with a low TSH level
with? - Answer-Propanolol (Inderal)
/.Spironoaldactone (Aldactone) has what mechanism of action (MOA)? - Answer-
Aldosterone antagonist
/.Heparin exerts its therapeutic action by what? - Answer-Upregulating the activity of
one of the body's natural anticoagulant molecules, antithrombin III
/.What physiologic action happens when the offending drug is administered during an
anaphylactic reaction. - Answer-Mast cells liberate large doses of histamine.
/.What are two systemic psoriasis medications? - Answer-Photo-therapy and topical
corticosteroids
/.What is the first choice of drug therapy for the majority of patients with uncomplicated
stage I hypertension? - Answer-Thiazide diuretics
/.What is the effect of cardiac glycosides? - Answer-Digitalis glycosides have a negative
chronotropic effect on the cardiac muscle cells.
/.Amenorrhea is the most common side effect of which birth control medication? -
Answer-Medroxyprogesterone (Depo-Provera)
/.What is an anti-hypertensive agent which competes with epinephrine for available
beta-receptor sites? - Answer-Atenolol (Tenormin)
/.What type of action does nitrates have on the body? - Answer-Reduction in systemic
venous tone.
/.What is the recommended level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) for patients
with known coronary artery disease? - Answer-100mg/dl or less.
, /.What is the MOA of group IV anti-dysrhythmia drugs? - Answer-Depressing phase 4
depolarization and lengthening phases 1 and 2 repolarization.
/.Which drug therapy should be used to lower the serum concentration of thyroid
hormones and re-establish eumetabolic state in a patient with Graves' disease? -
Answer-Anti-thyroid drugs.
/.Which type of diuretic would be used for a stage I hypertension in a patient with renal
insufficiency? - Answer-Loop diuretic.
/.What drug should be considered as first-line therapy for a client with hypertension and
heart failure? - Answer-Enalapril (Vasotec)
/.Which drug is considered safe for hypertension treatment during pregnancy? -
Answer-Methyldopa (Aldomet)
/.What drug will reduce afterload because it is an alpha-adrenergic blocker? - Answer-
Prazosin (Minipress)
/.What is an expected effect of the use of a beta-adrenergic blocker to control angina? -
Answer-Reduced force of cardiac contraction.
/.What side effect should be monitored closely in the elderly when taking Metformin
(Glucophage) for type 2 diabetes? - Answer-Lactic acidosis.
/.What is the primary role of cytochrome p-450 in the liver? - Answer-Deactivate and
detoxify medications and other substances.
/.What is a component of Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors? - Answer-Prothrombin
/.How are IV morphine and nitroglycerin beneficial in acute heart failure? - Answer-
Decrease preload.
/.What is the purpose of administering a vasodilating drug to a patient in heart failure? -
Answer-Decrease afterload.
/.What are some contrindications for HMG-co A reductase inhibitors (statins)? - Answer-
They cause myopathies, especially at higher doses or in combination with certain drugs.
They should never be used in patients taking Warfarin (Coumadin).
/.Which drug can reduce serum LDL the most in patients with hyperlipidemia? - Answer-
Lovastatin (Mevacor)
/.Which drug is contrindicated in a patient with Myasthena Gravis? - Answer-
Procainamide (Pronestyl).
REVIEW / QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
2024/2025 GRADED A+.
Why are nitrate-free periods every 24 hours necessary for the patient on nitroglycerin
therapy? - Answer-To inhibit the development of tolerance
/.What does a low level of thyroid-stimulating hormone indicate? - Answer-
Hyperthroidism
/.What would be the best option to treat a newly diagnosed patient with a low TSH level
with? - Answer-Propanolol (Inderal)
/.Spironoaldactone (Aldactone) has what mechanism of action (MOA)? - Answer-
Aldosterone antagonist
/.Heparin exerts its therapeutic action by what? - Answer-Upregulating the activity of
one of the body's natural anticoagulant molecules, antithrombin III
/.What physiologic action happens when the offending drug is administered during an
anaphylactic reaction. - Answer-Mast cells liberate large doses of histamine.
/.What are two systemic psoriasis medications? - Answer-Photo-therapy and topical
corticosteroids
/.What is the first choice of drug therapy for the majority of patients with uncomplicated
stage I hypertension? - Answer-Thiazide diuretics
/.What is the effect of cardiac glycosides? - Answer-Digitalis glycosides have a negative
chronotropic effect on the cardiac muscle cells.
/.Amenorrhea is the most common side effect of which birth control medication? -
Answer-Medroxyprogesterone (Depo-Provera)
/.What is an anti-hypertensive agent which competes with epinephrine for available
beta-receptor sites? - Answer-Atenolol (Tenormin)
/.What type of action does nitrates have on the body? - Answer-Reduction in systemic
venous tone.
/.What is the recommended level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) for patients
with known coronary artery disease? - Answer-100mg/dl or less.
, /.What is the MOA of group IV anti-dysrhythmia drugs? - Answer-Depressing phase 4
depolarization and lengthening phases 1 and 2 repolarization.
/.Which drug therapy should be used to lower the serum concentration of thyroid
hormones and re-establish eumetabolic state in a patient with Graves' disease? -
Answer-Anti-thyroid drugs.
/.Which type of diuretic would be used for a stage I hypertension in a patient with renal
insufficiency? - Answer-Loop diuretic.
/.What drug should be considered as first-line therapy for a client with hypertension and
heart failure? - Answer-Enalapril (Vasotec)
/.Which drug is considered safe for hypertension treatment during pregnancy? -
Answer-Methyldopa (Aldomet)
/.What drug will reduce afterload because it is an alpha-adrenergic blocker? - Answer-
Prazosin (Minipress)
/.What is an expected effect of the use of a beta-adrenergic blocker to control angina? -
Answer-Reduced force of cardiac contraction.
/.What side effect should be monitored closely in the elderly when taking Metformin
(Glucophage) for type 2 diabetes? - Answer-Lactic acidosis.
/.What is the primary role of cytochrome p-450 in the liver? - Answer-Deactivate and
detoxify medications and other substances.
/.What is a component of Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors? - Answer-Prothrombin
/.How are IV morphine and nitroglycerin beneficial in acute heart failure? - Answer-
Decrease preload.
/.What is the purpose of administering a vasodilating drug to a patient in heart failure? -
Answer-Decrease afterload.
/.What are some contrindications for HMG-co A reductase inhibitors (statins)? - Answer-
They cause myopathies, especially at higher doses or in combination with certain drugs.
They should never be used in patients taking Warfarin (Coumadin).
/.Which drug can reduce serum LDL the most in patients with hyperlipidemia? - Answer-
Lovastatin (Mevacor)
/.Which drug is contrindicated in a patient with Myasthena Gravis? - Answer-
Procainamide (Pronestyl).
