NURS 530 ADVANCED
PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS
Random adverse effects of NSAIDS? - Answer-Asthma exacerbation, nasal
polyposis, skin rashes, pruritus, angioedema
The most important adverse effect of ASA is? - Answer-Gastric mucosal damage
and peptic ulceration
Tinnitus can be caused by? - Answer-NSAIDS (lower dose until tinnitus resolves)
Reyes syndrome is? - Answer-A hepatic encephalopathy seen in children with a viral
illness and taking aspirin simultaneously.
When should NSAIDS be stopped before surgery? - Answer-1 week
Are NSAIDS protein bound? - Answer-Yes-highly
What drugs compete for plasma protein binding with NSAIDS? - Answer-Oral
anticoagulants
Sulfonylureas
Phenytoin
Valproate
NSAIDS can decrease the renal excretion of what drugs? - Answer-Digoxin
Lithium
Aminoglycosides
Methotrexate
Comorbid conditions aggravated by NSAIDS? - Answer-PUD
HTN
CHF
renal insufficiency
Hemostatic disorders
Is acetaminophen an NSAID? - Answer-No. It is an analgesic and antipyretic.
How is an acetaminophen OD treated? - Answer-Activated charcoal
N-acetylcysteine (mucomyst)
How might NSAIDS prevent cancer? - Answer-Decreased chronic inflammation.
Maximum dose of Tylenol per day? - Answer-4g/4000mg
,What drug is the most common cause of liver failure? - Answer-Acetaminophen
Acetaminophen is a __________-acting drug,while NSAIDS are _________-acting
drugs. - Answer--centrally (like narcotics)
-peipherally
Why can COX-2 inhibitors cause strokes? - Answer-COX-2 suppression suppresses
prostacyclin and allows platelets to stick together and blood vessels to constrict.
The majority of acetaminophen is metabolized in the _____ and excreted in the
______. - Answer--Liver
-Urine
Antacids may alter the absorption of which NSAID? - Answer-ASA
How to treat ASA OD? - Answer-No specific antidote. correct acid-base imbalance
with bicarb. gastric lavage.
What kind of pain is acetaminophen most effective in treating? - Answer-Low
intensity pain of non-visceral origin.
Symptoms of opiate withdrawal? - Answer-Autonomic hyperactivity: diarrhea,
vomiting, chills,fever, tearing, and runny nose. Tremor, abdominal cramps, and pain
can be severe.
What is salicylism? - Answer-OD of ASA. Symptoms are tinnitus, dizziness, HA,
fever, and mental status changes.
What are 5-HT1-receptor agonists? - Answer-Triptans
What is the mainstay for the treatment of headaches including migraines? - Answer-
NSAIDS
How do selective 5-HT1-receptor agonists work to treat migraines? - Answer-They
act on intracranial blood vessels and peripheral sensory nerve endings, resulting in
vasoconstriction and decreased release of inflammatory neuropeptides.
What is the most common med class used for continuous migraine prophylaxis? -
Answer-Beta-blockers
What is substance P? - Answer-Substance P is a small peptide that transmits pain
signals from the sensory nerves to the central nervous system. Also involved in
stress, anxiety, and vomiting. Possible connection between stress/anxiety induced
pain.
How does caffeine help migraines? - Answer-Potent vasoconstrictor.
MOA of NSAIDS with migraine tx? - Answer-Decreases the inflammation of the
blood vessels associated with migraines.
,What is the 1st line abortive treatment for migraines? - Answer-Triptans.
How do Triptans abort migraines? - Answer-They activate the 5HT receptors in the
brain. Causes cranial vasoconstriction. Inhibits neuropeptide release and reduces
the transmission of the trigeminal pain pathway.
When would you use corticosteroids for migraines? - Answer-For intractable or
rebound migraine patterns.
How do beta blockers and calcium channel blockers prevent migraines? - Answer-
Relaxes smooth muscle and reduces vasospasm.
MOA of tricyclic antidepressants in migraine prophylaxis? - Answer-Down regulate
5HT receptors. Enhance opiate mechanisms so that our endogenous endorphins
can help.
MOA of SSRIs in migraine prophylaxis? - Answer-Potent 5HT receptor uptake
inhibitors which increases the amount of seratonin in the synapses. This causes a
decrease in migraine intensity and frequency.
MOA of analgesics in treatment of migraines? - Answer-They work on the pain
pathways to reduce pain. ASA-centrally and peripherally, Tylenol-peripherally.
MOA of anticonvulsants in migraine prophylaxis? - Answer-Depress hyperexitability.
Affects circadiumm rhythm which helps to regulate the secretion of hormones from
the anterior pituitary gland to relax vascular structures.
Serious side effect of Triptans? - Answer-HTN (vasoconstriction)
What is pharmacodynamics? - Answer-How the drug effects the body. Drug's action
on the target cells.
Where is active drug in the body? - Answer-FREE drug is ACTIVE. Drug bound to
ALBUMIN is NOT active.
How do antidotes work? - Answer-Receptor theory- agonists and antagonists
What factors affect pharmacodynamics? - Answer-Age, pregnancy, neonate
(immature liver and kidneys), infant (organs and blood/brain barrier still immature),
children (may have increased metabolism of drugs), older adults (GI, cardiac,
liver/kidney status), body weight (greater BMI in healthy adults may require
increased doses), genetics, ethincs, gender
Placebo effect accounts for how much of a drug reaction? - Answer-About 30%
What is drug potency? - Answer-Amount of drug needed to produce an effect of a
given magnitude.
What does efficacy depend on? - Answer-dependent on number of drug-receptor
complexes formed.
, Which is better in a med- efficacy or potency? - Answer-Efficacy
What are agonists? - Answer-MIMIC the response of the endogenous ligand
What are antagonists? - Answer-Decrease the action of another drug of endogenous
ligand. They produce no intrinsic activity-not effect by themselves.
Define duration of action - Answer-The time the serum blood levels are above the
minimum effective concentration (MEC).
What is pharmacogenomics? - Answer-A branch of pharmacology concerned with
using DNA and amino acid sequence data to inform drug development and testing.
An important application of pharmacogenomics is correlating individual genetic
variation with drug responses
What are the primary variables affecting Pediatrics in pharmacotherapy? - Answer-
Organ Maturity and WEIGHT
Pregnancy Categories - Answer-A=safe
B= risk vs. benefit
C= greater risk, but still risk vs. benefit
X=tetrogenic
Neurotransmitters of the AUTONOMIC NERVOUS system (includes both then
parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system) - Answer-Acetylcholine-
CHOLINERGIC
Norepinepherine-ADRENERGIC
Neurotransimitter of the Symapthetic Nervous System - Answer-Norepinepherine
Fight or flight-- BEAR IN THE WOODS
Adrenergic receptors
INCREASE HR, BP, and 02 to the body tissues (thus, peripheral vasoconstriction
and bronchodilation occur)
SYMPATHETIC - Answer-ADRENERGIC-norepi
SNS stimulation: sympathomimetic, adrenergic, alpha agonists, beta agonists.
SNS Inhibition: Sympatholytic, antiadrenergic, alpha blocker, beta blocker
Neurotransmitter of the Parasympathetic Nervous System - Answer-Acetylcholine
Rest and Digest
Cholinergic
Increase SLUDGE (salivation, lacrimation, urination, diarrhea, gastrointestinal
cramps, emesis)
PARASYMPATHETIC - Answer-CHOLINERGIC-acetylcholine
PNS Stimulation: parapympathomimetic, cholinomemetic, cholinergic
PNS Inhibiton: Parasympatholytic, anticholinergic, cholinergic blocker
PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS
Random adverse effects of NSAIDS? - Answer-Asthma exacerbation, nasal
polyposis, skin rashes, pruritus, angioedema
The most important adverse effect of ASA is? - Answer-Gastric mucosal damage
and peptic ulceration
Tinnitus can be caused by? - Answer-NSAIDS (lower dose until tinnitus resolves)
Reyes syndrome is? - Answer-A hepatic encephalopathy seen in children with a viral
illness and taking aspirin simultaneously.
When should NSAIDS be stopped before surgery? - Answer-1 week
Are NSAIDS protein bound? - Answer-Yes-highly
What drugs compete for plasma protein binding with NSAIDS? - Answer-Oral
anticoagulants
Sulfonylureas
Phenytoin
Valproate
NSAIDS can decrease the renal excretion of what drugs? - Answer-Digoxin
Lithium
Aminoglycosides
Methotrexate
Comorbid conditions aggravated by NSAIDS? - Answer-PUD
HTN
CHF
renal insufficiency
Hemostatic disorders
Is acetaminophen an NSAID? - Answer-No. It is an analgesic and antipyretic.
How is an acetaminophen OD treated? - Answer-Activated charcoal
N-acetylcysteine (mucomyst)
How might NSAIDS prevent cancer? - Answer-Decreased chronic inflammation.
Maximum dose of Tylenol per day? - Answer-4g/4000mg
,What drug is the most common cause of liver failure? - Answer-Acetaminophen
Acetaminophen is a __________-acting drug,while NSAIDS are _________-acting
drugs. - Answer--centrally (like narcotics)
-peipherally
Why can COX-2 inhibitors cause strokes? - Answer-COX-2 suppression suppresses
prostacyclin and allows platelets to stick together and blood vessels to constrict.
The majority of acetaminophen is metabolized in the _____ and excreted in the
______. - Answer--Liver
-Urine
Antacids may alter the absorption of which NSAID? - Answer-ASA
How to treat ASA OD? - Answer-No specific antidote. correct acid-base imbalance
with bicarb. gastric lavage.
What kind of pain is acetaminophen most effective in treating? - Answer-Low
intensity pain of non-visceral origin.
Symptoms of opiate withdrawal? - Answer-Autonomic hyperactivity: diarrhea,
vomiting, chills,fever, tearing, and runny nose. Tremor, abdominal cramps, and pain
can be severe.
What is salicylism? - Answer-OD of ASA. Symptoms are tinnitus, dizziness, HA,
fever, and mental status changes.
What are 5-HT1-receptor agonists? - Answer-Triptans
What is the mainstay for the treatment of headaches including migraines? - Answer-
NSAIDS
How do selective 5-HT1-receptor agonists work to treat migraines? - Answer-They
act on intracranial blood vessels and peripheral sensory nerve endings, resulting in
vasoconstriction and decreased release of inflammatory neuropeptides.
What is the most common med class used for continuous migraine prophylaxis? -
Answer-Beta-blockers
What is substance P? - Answer-Substance P is a small peptide that transmits pain
signals from the sensory nerves to the central nervous system. Also involved in
stress, anxiety, and vomiting. Possible connection between stress/anxiety induced
pain.
How does caffeine help migraines? - Answer-Potent vasoconstrictor.
MOA of NSAIDS with migraine tx? - Answer-Decreases the inflammation of the
blood vessels associated with migraines.
,What is the 1st line abortive treatment for migraines? - Answer-Triptans.
How do Triptans abort migraines? - Answer-They activate the 5HT receptors in the
brain. Causes cranial vasoconstriction. Inhibits neuropeptide release and reduces
the transmission of the trigeminal pain pathway.
When would you use corticosteroids for migraines? - Answer-For intractable or
rebound migraine patterns.
How do beta blockers and calcium channel blockers prevent migraines? - Answer-
Relaxes smooth muscle and reduces vasospasm.
MOA of tricyclic antidepressants in migraine prophylaxis? - Answer-Down regulate
5HT receptors. Enhance opiate mechanisms so that our endogenous endorphins
can help.
MOA of SSRIs in migraine prophylaxis? - Answer-Potent 5HT receptor uptake
inhibitors which increases the amount of seratonin in the synapses. This causes a
decrease in migraine intensity and frequency.
MOA of analgesics in treatment of migraines? - Answer-They work on the pain
pathways to reduce pain. ASA-centrally and peripherally, Tylenol-peripherally.
MOA of anticonvulsants in migraine prophylaxis? - Answer-Depress hyperexitability.
Affects circadiumm rhythm which helps to regulate the secretion of hormones from
the anterior pituitary gland to relax vascular structures.
Serious side effect of Triptans? - Answer-HTN (vasoconstriction)
What is pharmacodynamics? - Answer-How the drug effects the body. Drug's action
on the target cells.
Where is active drug in the body? - Answer-FREE drug is ACTIVE. Drug bound to
ALBUMIN is NOT active.
How do antidotes work? - Answer-Receptor theory- agonists and antagonists
What factors affect pharmacodynamics? - Answer-Age, pregnancy, neonate
(immature liver and kidneys), infant (organs and blood/brain barrier still immature),
children (may have increased metabolism of drugs), older adults (GI, cardiac,
liver/kidney status), body weight (greater BMI in healthy adults may require
increased doses), genetics, ethincs, gender
Placebo effect accounts for how much of a drug reaction? - Answer-About 30%
What is drug potency? - Answer-Amount of drug needed to produce an effect of a
given magnitude.
What does efficacy depend on? - Answer-dependent on number of drug-receptor
complexes formed.
, Which is better in a med- efficacy or potency? - Answer-Efficacy
What are agonists? - Answer-MIMIC the response of the endogenous ligand
What are antagonists? - Answer-Decrease the action of another drug of endogenous
ligand. They produce no intrinsic activity-not effect by themselves.
Define duration of action - Answer-The time the serum blood levels are above the
minimum effective concentration (MEC).
What is pharmacogenomics? - Answer-A branch of pharmacology concerned with
using DNA and amino acid sequence data to inform drug development and testing.
An important application of pharmacogenomics is correlating individual genetic
variation with drug responses
What are the primary variables affecting Pediatrics in pharmacotherapy? - Answer-
Organ Maturity and WEIGHT
Pregnancy Categories - Answer-A=safe
B= risk vs. benefit
C= greater risk, but still risk vs. benefit
X=tetrogenic
Neurotransmitters of the AUTONOMIC NERVOUS system (includes both then
parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system) - Answer-Acetylcholine-
CHOLINERGIC
Norepinepherine-ADRENERGIC
Neurotransimitter of the Symapthetic Nervous System - Answer-Norepinepherine
Fight or flight-- BEAR IN THE WOODS
Adrenergic receptors
INCREASE HR, BP, and 02 to the body tissues (thus, peripheral vasoconstriction
and bronchodilation occur)
SYMPATHETIC - Answer-ADRENERGIC-norepi
SNS stimulation: sympathomimetic, adrenergic, alpha agonists, beta agonists.
SNS Inhibition: Sympatholytic, antiadrenergic, alpha blocker, beta blocker
Neurotransmitter of the Parasympathetic Nervous System - Answer-Acetylcholine
Rest and Digest
Cholinergic
Increase SLUDGE (salivation, lacrimation, urination, diarrhea, gastrointestinal
cramps, emesis)
PARASYMPATHETIC - Answer-CHOLINERGIC-acetylcholine
PNS Stimulation: parapympathomimetic, cholinomemetic, cholinergic
PNS Inhibiton: Parasympatholytic, anticholinergic, cholinergic blocker
