FUNDAMENTALS IN NURSING (NURB 235)
-Caregiver --> using assessment skills to provide nuanced and patient centered care; providing
holistic care
-Advocate --> making sure to protect the rights of both yourself and the patient through more day-
to-day based actions
-Activist --> acting on behalf of the patient's rights and your own rights in a more legal-based
sense (ie. testifying in court)
-Educator --> explaining processes, nutrition, conditions, etc. all the way up through discharge
-Communicator --> making sure to communicate with other nurses, the physician, and the patient
every step of the way
-Coordinator --> organizing what care to provide and when to provide it
-Manager --> managing patient care and making sure others know the when, why, how, etc. of the
care; budgeting and other managerial duties
-Leader --> taking charge and leading the team in patient care
-Innovator --> coming up with creative and effective methods of caring for patients a - Answer-
State and describe the 10 roles of nursing.
autonomy and accountability - Answer- What are 2 nursing responsibilities?
Autonomy is the initiation of independent nursing interventions without medical orders - Answer-
What is autonomy?
Accountability is taking responsibility for the type and quality of nursing care provided, lack of
nursing care, or mistakes. This includes remaining current and competent in nursing, science
knowledge, and technical skills. - Answer- What is accountability?
Clinical Nurse Specialist, Nurse Midwife, Nurse Practitioner, and Certified Nurse Anesthetist are
considered APRNs. These all require a MSN (Masters in Nursing) degree. - Answer- What types
of nurses are considered Advanced Practice RNs (APRNs), and what is the minimum education
required for these?
-Ethical
-Personal
-Aesthetic/esthetic
-Empirical - Answer- What are the 4 nursing patterns of knowing?
The ethical pattern of knowing involves knowing right from wrong and following the Code of Ethics
for Nurses. - Answer- Describe the ethical pattern of knowing.
The personal pattern of knowing involves building relationships with patients and providing holistic
care. - Answer- Describe the personal pattern of knowing.
The aesthetic/esthetic pattern of knowing involves the art of nursing that embraces spirituality,
healing, compassion, and mutual respect. It is related to overall empathy and is gained through
experience. - Answer- Describe the aesthetic/esthetic pattern of knowing.
, The empirical pattern of knowing involves the science of nursing based on a body of knowledge
and evidence-based practices. It involves facts, book knowledge, evidence and data, etc. -
Answer- Describe the empirical pattern of knowing.
The nursing process is a critical thinking model of how a competent RN processes information and
performs behavior accordingly. - Answer- What is the nursing process?
-ABC's (Airway, Breathing, Circulation)
-Ex: 48 year old male with chest pain - Answer- What is considered first level prioritization?
-Mental status change, pain, abnormal urination, critical lab values, and safety concerns
-Ex: 68 year old male who had a ground level fall; a 19 year old female with frequent headaches
and stable vital signs - Answer- What is considered second-level prioritization?
-A non-urgent cough or runny nose, education, collaborative teams
-Ex: 5 year old child that is not exhibiting any significant distress at this time and is playing with a
toy - Answer- What is considered third-level prioritization?
-Primary --> preventative care that involves improving health outcome for the entire population (ie.
clinics, primary care provider)
-Secondary --> hospital-based acute care settings such as an outpatient setting or a radiologist
-Tertiary --> more severe acute care settings such as ICU, med-surg, and psychiatric wards
-Restorative --> rehabilitation focus (ie. physical therapy, non-hospitalized drug rehab)
-Continuing --> long term and respite care (ie. nursing homes, hospice) - Answer- What are the
levels of care?
Wars such as the Crimean War and the Civil War stimulated and shaped the growth of nursing
throughout history by boosting the need for educated nurses. Nurses went from being uneducated
"witches" to educated and respectable women. - Answer- What shaped nursing over the course of
history?
-Wartime nurse
-Frontier nurse
-Home health/visiting nurse
-Public health nurse
-Acute care nurse - Answer- What are the historical nursing roles?
Patricia Benner's Novice to Expert Theory suggests that nurses go through 5 stages of
progressive expertise and should reach expertise after 5 years of experience. This is the only
nursing theory that focuses on just nurses rather than the patients. - Answer- What is the Novice
to Expert Theory, and who came up with it?
Florence Nightingale's Environment Theory states that the environment affects patient health and
that nurses can manipulate the environment to positively affect patient outcomes. This theory
emphasized the importance of fresh air, hygiene, clean bedding, lighting, noise, etc. in regards to
patient health and wellness. - Answer- What is the Environment Theory, and who came up with it?
Virginia Henderson's Nursing Need Theory states that nurses are concerned with illness and
wellness and should help patients reach 14 components of basic human needs (ie. sleep and rest,
-Caregiver --> using assessment skills to provide nuanced and patient centered care; providing
holistic care
-Advocate --> making sure to protect the rights of both yourself and the patient through more day-
to-day based actions
-Activist --> acting on behalf of the patient's rights and your own rights in a more legal-based
sense (ie. testifying in court)
-Educator --> explaining processes, nutrition, conditions, etc. all the way up through discharge
-Communicator --> making sure to communicate with other nurses, the physician, and the patient
every step of the way
-Coordinator --> organizing what care to provide and when to provide it
-Manager --> managing patient care and making sure others know the when, why, how, etc. of the
care; budgeting and other managerial duties
-Leader --> taking charge and leading the team in patient care
-Innovator --> coming up with creative and effective methods of caring for patients a - Answer-
State and describe the 10 roles of nursing.
autonomy and accountability - Answer- What are 2 nursing responsibilities?
Autonomy is the initiation of independent nursing interventions without medical orders - Answer-
What is autonomy?
Accountability is taking responsibility for the type and quality of nursing care provided, lack of
nursing care, or mistakes. This includes remaining current and competent in nursing, science
knowledge, and technical skills. - Answer- What is accountability?
Clinical Nurse Specialist, Nurse Midwife, Nurse Practitioner, and Certified Nurse Anesthetist are
considered APRNs. These all require a MSN (Masters in Nursing) degree. - Answer- What types
of nurses are considered Advanced Practice RNs (APRNs), and what is the minimum education
required for these?
-Ethical
-Personal
-Aesthetic/esthetic
-Empirical - Answer- What are the 4 nursing patterns of knowing?
The ethical pattern of knowing involves knowing right from wrong and following the Code of Ethics
for Nurses. - Answer- Describe the ethical pattern of knowing.
The personal pattern of knowing involves building relationships with patients and providing holistic
care. - Answer- Describe the personal pattern of knowing.
The aesthetic/esthetic pattern of knowing involves the art of nursing that embraces spirituality,
healing, compassion, and mutual respect. It is related to overall empathy and is gained through
experience. - Answer- Describe the aesthetic/esthetic pattern of knowing.
, The empirical pattern of knowing involves the science of nursing based on a body of knowledge
and evidence-based practices. It involves facts, book knowledge, evidence and data, etc. -
Answer- Describe the empirical pattern of knowing.
The nursing process is a critical thinking model of how a competent RN processes information and
performs behavior accordingly. - Answer- What is the nursing process?
-ABC's (Airway, Breathing, Circulation)
-Ex: 48 year old male with chest pain - Answer- What is considered first level prioritization?
-Mental status change, pain, abnormal urination, critical lab values, and safety concerns
-Ex: 68 year old male who had a ground level fall; a 19 year old female with frequent headaches
and stable vital signs - Answer- What is considered second-level prioritization?
-A non-urgent cough or runny nose, education, collaborative teams
-Ex: 5 year old child that is not exhibiting any significant distress at this time and is playing with a
toy - Answer- What is considered third-level prioritization?
-Primary --> preventative care that involves improving health outcome for the entire population (ie.
clinics, primary care provider)
-Secondary --> hospital-based acute care settings such as an outpatient setting or a radiologist
-Tertiary --> more severe acute care settings such as ICU, med-surg, and psychiatric wards
-Restorative --> rehabilitation focus (ie. physical therapy, non-hospitalized drug rehab)
-Continuing --> long term and respite care (ie. nursing homes, hospice) - Answer- What are the
levels of care?
Wars such as the Crimean War and the Civil War stimulated and shaped the growth of nursing
throughout history by boosting the need for educated nurses. Nurses went from being uneducated
"witches" to educated and respectable women. - Answer- What shaped nursing over the course of
history?
-Wartime nurse
-Frontier nurse
-Home health/visiting nurse
-Public health nurse
-Acute care nurse - Answer- What are the historical nursing roles?
Patricia Benner's Novice to Expert Theory suggests that nurses go through 5 stages of
progressive expertise and should reach expertise after 5 years of experience. This is the only
nursing theory that focuses on just nurses rather than the patients. - Answer- What is the Novice
to Expert Theory, and who came up with it?
Florence Nightingale's Environment Theory states that the environment affects patient health and
that nurses can manipulate the environment to positively affect patient outcomes. This theory
emphasized the importance of fresh air, hygiene, clean bedding, lighting, noise, etc. in regards to
patient health and wellness. - Answer- What is the Environment Theory, and who came up with it?
Virginia Henderson's Nursing Need Theory states that nurses are concerned with illness and
wellness and should help patients reach 14 components of basic human needs (ie. sleep and rest,
