NURB 235 EXAM 2
4 basic elements of normal movement - Answer- 1. body alignment (posture)
2. joint mobility
3. balance
4. coordinated movement
body alignment/ posture - Answer- brings body parts into a position that promotes optimal balance
and body function; person maintains balance as long as the line of gravity passes through the
center of gravity and the base of support; widening stance increases base of support
Range of Motion - Answer- maximum movement possible for a joint
ROM is determined by - Answer- 1. genetic makeup
2. developmental patterns
3. presence or absence of disease
4. physical activity
coordinated movement - Answer- smooth, purposeful movement
coordinated movement depends on - Answer- 1. cerebral cortex
2. cerebellum
3. basal ganglia
coordinated movement and cerebral cortex - Answer- initiates voluntary movement
coordinated movement and cerebellum - Answer- coordinates motor activity
coordinated movement and basal ganglia - Answer- maintains posture
proprioception and balance - Answer- awareness of posture, movement, and changes in
equilibrium; knowledge of position, weight, and resistance of objects in relation to the body
effect of exercise on the musculoskeletal system - Answer- 1. maintains size, shape, tone, and
strength of muscles
2. nourishes joints
3. increases joint flexibility, stability, and ROM
4. maintains bone density and strength
effect of immobility on musculoskeletal system - Answer- 1. disuse osteoporosis
2. disuse atrophy
3. contractures:
4. stiffness and pain in the joints
contractures - Answer- Shortening and hardening of muscles, tendons, or other tissue, often
leading to deformity and rigidity of joints
effect of exercise on the cardiovascular system - Answer- 1. increases HR
,2. increases strength of contraction
3. increases blood supply to the heart and muscles
effect of immobility of the cardiovascular system - Answer- 1. diminished cardiac reserve
2. increased use of the Valsalva maneuver (holding breath and bearing down to do things)
3. orthostatic hypotension
4. venous vasodilation and stasis
5. dependent edema
6. thrombus formation
effect of exercise on respiratory system - Answer- 1. increases ventilation and oxygen intake
improving gas exchange
2. prevents pooling of secretions in bronchi and bronchioles
effect of immobility on respiratory system - Answer- 1. decreased respiratory movement
2. pooling of respiratory secretions
3. atelectasis (collapse of alveoli)
4. pneumonia
effect of exercise on the metabolic/ endocrine system - Answer- 1. elevates metabolic rate
2. decreases serum triglycerides and cholesterol
3. stabilizes blood sugar and makes cells more responsive to insulin
effect of immobility of the metabolic/ endocrine system - Answer- 1. decreased metabolic rate
2. anorexia
effect of exercise on the GI system - Answer- 1. improves appetite
2. increases GI tract tone
3. facilitates peristalsis
effect of immobility on GI system - Answer- constipation
effect of exercise on urinary system - Answer- 1. promotes blood flow to the kidneys causing body
wastes to be excreted more effectively
2. prevents stasis of urine in the bladder
effect of immobility on the urinary system - Answer- 1. urinary stasis
2. renal calculi
3. urinary retention
4. urinary infection
effect of exercise on the integumentary system - Answer- 1. promotes circulation which helps skin
stay healthy
2. prevents prolonged pressure on skin
effect of immobility on the integumentary system - Answer- 1. reduced skin turgor: loss of elasticity
2. pressure injuries
effect of exercise on the neuropsychologic system - Answer- 1. elevates mood
2. relieves stress and anxiety
, 3. improves quality of sleep for most individuals
effect of immobility on the neuropsychologic system - Answer- 1. decline in mood elevating
substances
2. perception of time intervals deteriorates
3. loss of control over events can cause anxiety
effect of exercise on cognitive function - Answer- 1. positive effects on decision-making and
problem-solving processes, planning, and paying attention
2. induces cells in the brain to strengthen and build neuronal connections
effect of immobility on cognitive function - Answer- 1. slower reaction time
2. sluggish in thought process
assessment of activity and exercise during physical examination - Answer- 1. body alignment
2. gait
3. appearance and movement of joints
4. capabilities and limitations for movement
5. muscle mass and strength
6. activity tolerance
7. problems related to immobility
what nurses can do to increase patient mobility - Answer- 1. encourage optimal movement and
activity
2. assist patient when needed with activity
3. reposition immobilized patients a minimum of every 2 hours
4. keep patient's head elevated as much as possible
5. ROM exercises
patient positioning - Answer- 1. encourage patient to do as much as possible
2. safety issues
3. ask for assistance from other staff members
4. proper body mechanics while lifting
5. protect joints and skin
correct body mechanics required for nurse to prevent injury - Answer- 1. get as close to object or
patient as possible
2. face the task: do not twist
3. use leg muscles for lifting
4. do not bend at waist: bend legs
5. widen stance to broaden base of support
guidelines for ambulating - Answer- 1. verify activity status
2. assess amount of assistance patient will require
3. take vital signs to establish baseline
4. assess for signs and symptoms of orthostatic hypotension
5. assess lower extremity strength
6. if indicated, medicate patient for pain
7. prepare patient for ambulation by explaining procedure
8. apply gait belt
4 basic elements of normal movement - Answer- 1. body alignment (posture)
2. joint mobility
3. balance
4. coordinated movement
body alignment/ posture - Answer- brings body parts into a position that promotes optimal balance
and body function; person maintains balance as long as the line of gravity passes through the
center of gravity and the base of support; widening stance increases base of support
Range of Motion - Answer- maximum movement possible for a joint
ROM is determined by - Answer- 1. genetic makeup
2. developmental patterns
3. presence or absence of disease
4. physical activity
coordinated movement - Answer- smooth, purposeful movement
coordinated movement depends on - Answer- 1. cerebral cortex
2. cerebellum
3. basal ganglia
coordinated movement and cerebral cortex - Answer- initiates voluntary movement
coordinated movement and cerebellum - Answer- coordinates motor activity
coordinated movement and basal ganglia - Answer- maintains posture
proprioception and balance - Answer- awareness of posture, movement, and changes in
equilibrium; knowledge of position, weight, and resistance of objects in relation to the body
effect of exercise on the musculoskeletal system - Answer- 1. maintains size, shape, tone, and
strength of muscles
2. nourishes joints
3. increases joint flexibility, stability, and ROM
4. maintains bone density and strength
effect of immobility on musculoskeletal system - Answer- 1. disuse osteoporosis
2. disuse atrophy
3. contractures:
4. stiffness and pain in the joints
contractures - Answer- Shortening and hardening of muscles, tendons, or other tissue, often
leading to deformity and rigidity of joints
effect of exercise on the cardiovascular system - Answer- 1. increases HR
,2. increases strength of contraction
3. increases blood supply to the heart and muscles
effect of immobility of the cardiovascular system - Answer- 1. diminished cardiac reserve
2. increased use of the Valsalva maneuver (holding breath and bearing down to do things)
3. orthostatic hypotension
4. venous vasodilation and stasis
5. dependent edema
6. thrombus formation
effect of exercise on respiratory system - Answer- 1. increases ventilation and oxygen intake
improving gas exchange
2. prevents pooling of secretions in bronchi and bronchioles
effect of immobility on respiratory system - Answer- 1. decreased respiratory movement
2. pooling of respiratory secretions
3. atelectasis (collapse of alveoli)
4. pneumonia
effect of exercise on the metabolic/ endocrine system - Answer- 1. elevates metabolic rate
2. decreases serum triglycerides and cholesterol
3. stabilizes blood sugar and makes cells more responsive to insulin
effect of immobility of the metabolic/ endocrine system - Answer- 1. decreased metabolic rate
2. anorexia
effect of exercise on the GI system - Answer- 1. improves appetite
2. increases GI tract tone
3. facilitates peristalsis
effect of immobility on GI system - Answer- constipation
effect of exercise on urinary system - Answer- 1. promotes blood flow to the kidneys causing body
wastes to be excreted more effectively
2. prevents stasis of urine in the bladder
effect of immobility on the urinary system - Answer- 1. urinary stasis
2. renal calculi
3. urinary retention
4. urinary infection
effect of exercise on the integumentary system - Answer- 1. promotes circulation which helps skin
stay healthy
2. prevents prolonged pressure on skin
effect of immobility on the integumentary system - Answer- 1. reduced skin turgor: loss of elasticity
2. pressure injuries
effect of exercise on the neuropsychologic system - Answer- 1. elevates mood
2. relieves stress and anxiety
, 3. improves quality of sleep for most individuals
effect of immobility on the neuropsychologic system - Answer- 1. decline in mood elevating
substances
2. perception of time intervals deteriorates
3. loss of control over events can cause anxiety
effect of exercise on cognitive function - Answer- 1. positive effects on decision-making and
problem-solving processes, planning, and paying attention
2. induces cells in the brain to strengthen and build neuronal connections
effect of immobility on cognitive function - Answer- 1. slower reaction time
2. sluggish in thought process
assessment of activity and exercise during physical examination - Answer- 1. body alignment
2. gait
3. appearance and movement of joints
4. capabilities and limitations for movement
5. muscle mass and strength
6. activity tolerance
7. problems related to immobility
what nurses can do to increase patient mobility - Answer- 1. encourage optimal movement and
activity
2. assist patient when needed with activity
3. reposition immobilized patients a minimum of every 2 hours
4. keep patient's head elevated as much as possible
5. ROM exercises
patient positioning - Answer- 1. encourage patient to do as much as possible
2. safety issues
3. ask for assistance from other staff members
4. proper body mechanics while lifting
5. protect joints and skin
correct body mechanics required for nurse to prevent injury - Answer- 1. get as close to object or
patient as possible
2. face the task: do not twist
3. use leg muscles for lifting
4. do not bend at waist: bend legs
5. widen stance to broaden base of support
guidelines for ambulating - Answer- 1. verify activity status
2. assess amount of assistance patient will require
3. take vital signs to establish baseline
4. assess for signs and symptoms of orthostatic hypotension
5. assess lower extremity strength
6. if indicated, medicate patient for pain
7. prepare patient for ambulation by explaining procedure
8. apply gait belt
