IRSC MCB2010 EXAM 1 (ACTUAL 2025/2026) QUESTIONS & 100
VERIFIED ANSWERS
glycocalyces in bacterial cell - ---Answers---gelatinous,
sticky substance surrounding the outside of the cell
composed of polysaccharides, polypeptides, or both
2 types: capsule & slime layer
capsule (glycocalyes) - ---Answers---composed of organized
repeating units of organic chemicals, firmly attached to cell
surface, may prevent bacteria from being recognized by host
slime layer (glycocalyes) - ---Answers---loosely attached to
cell surface, water soluble, sticky layer allows prokaryotes to
attach to surfaces
flagella in bacterial cell - ---Answers---responsible for
movement, long structures that extend beyond cell surface,
and not present in all bacteria
composed of basal body, filament, and hook
function: rotation propels bacterium through environment,
rotation is reversible, bacteria moves in response to stimuli
(runs & tumbles)
fimbriae in bacterial cell - ---Answers---attach to other
surfaces, sticky, bristle like projections, important function for
biofilms
,pili in bacterial cells - ---Answers---special type of fimbriae,
also known as conjuction pili, 1-2 per bacterial cell, transfer
DNA from one cell to another
bacterial cell walls - ---Answers---provide structure and
shape and protect cell from osmotic forces, assist some cells
in attaching to other cells or in resisting antimicrobial drugs,
composed of peptidoglycan, two types: gram + and gram -
gram + bacterial cell wall - ---Answers---thick peptidoglycan
wall, contain chemicals called teichoic acids and lipoteichoic
acids, stains purple
gram - bacterial cell wall - ---Answers---thin layer of
peptidoglycan, bilayer membrane outside the peptidoglycan
contains phospholipids, proteins, and lipopolysaccharide, may
impede treatment of disease, stains pink
bacterial cytoplasmic membrane - ---Answers---referred to
as phospholipid bilayer, composed of integral proteins and
peripheral proteins, function: energy storage, harvest light
energy in photosynthetic bacteria, selectively permeable,
naturally impermeable to most substances, proteins allow
substances to cross membrane and maintain concentration
and electrical gradient
passive processes that move substances across membranes:
- ---Answers---diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis
, active processes that move substances across membranes - -
--Answers---active transport and group translocation
cytoplasm of bacterial cell - ---Answers---cytosol, inclusions,
endospores, ribosomes, and cytoskeleton
cytosol - ---Answers---liquid portion of cytoplasm, mostly
water, contains cells DNA in region called nucleoid
inclusions - ---Answers---may include reserve deposits of
chemicals
endospores - ---Answers---unique structures produced by
some bacteria, defensive strategy against unfavorable
conditions, vegetative cells transform into endospores when
multiple nutrients are limited, resistant to extreme conditions
such as heat, radiation , and chemicals
ribosomes - ---Answers---sites of protein synthesis,
composed of polypeptides and ribosomal RNA
cytoskeleton - ---Answers---composed of 3-4 types of
protein fibers, can play different roles in cell
external structures in archaea - ---Answers---glycocalyces,
flagella, fimbriae and hami
VERIFIED ANSWERS
glycocalyces in bacterial cell - ---Answers---gelatinous,
sticky substance surrounding the outside of the cell
composed of polysaccharides, polypeptides, or both
2 types: capsule & slime layer
capsule (glycocalyes) - ---Answers---composed of organized
repeating units of organic chemicals, firmly attached to cell
surface, may prevent bacteria from being recognized by host
slime layer (glycocalyes) - ---Answers---loosely attached to
cell surface, water soluble, sticky layer allows prokaryotes to
attach to surfaces
flagella in bacterial cell - ---Answers---responsible for
movement, long structures that extend beyond cell surface,
and not present in all bacteria
composed of basal body, filament, and hook
function: rotation propels bacterium through environment,
rotation is reversible, bacteria moves in response to stimuli
(runs & tumbles)
fimbriae in bacterial cell - ---Answers---attach to other
surfaces, sticky, bristle like projections, important function for
biofilms
,pili in bacterial cells - ---Answers---special type of fimbriae,
also known as conjuction pili, 1-2 per bacterial cell, transfer
DNA from one cell to another
bacterial cell walls - ---Answers---provide structure and
shape and protect cell from osmotic forces, assist some cells
in attaching to other cells or in resisting antimicrobial drugs,
composed of peptidoglycan, two types: gram + and gram -
gram + bacterial cell wall - ---Answers---thick peptidoglycan
wall, contain chemicals called teichoic acids and lipoteichoic
acids, stains purple
gram - bacterial cell wall - ---Answers---thin layer of
peptidoglycan, bilayer membrane outside the peptidoglycan
contains phospholipids, proteins, and lipopolysaccharide, may
impede treatment of disease, stains pink
bacterial cytoplasmic membrane - ---Answers---referred to
as phospholipid bilayer, composed of integral proteins and
peripheral proteins, function: energy storage, harvest light
energy in photosynthetic bacteria, selectively permeable,
naturally impermeable to most substances, proteins allow
substances to cross membrane and maintain concentration
and electrical gradient
passive processes that move substances across membranes:
- ---Answers---diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis
, active processes that move substances across membranes - -
--Answers---active transport and group translocation
cytoplasm of bacterial cell - ---Answers---cytosol, inclusions,
endospores, ribosomes, and cytoskeleton
cytosol - ---Answers---liquid portion of cytoplasm, mostly
water, contains cells DNA in region called nucleoid
inclusions - ---Answers---may include reserve deposits of
chemicals
endospores - ---Answers---unique structures produced by
some bacteria, defensive strategy against unfavorable
conditions, vegetative cells transform into endospores when
multiple nutrients are limited, resistant to extreme conditions
such as heat, radiation , and chemicals
ribosomes - ---Answers---sites of protein synthesis,
composed of polypeptides and ribosomal RNA
cytoskeleton - ---Answers---composed of 3-4 types of
protein fibers, can play different roles in cell
external structures in archaea - ---Answers---glycocalyces,
flagella, fimbriae and hami
