COPE Health Scholars Written Exam Review: Questions
With In-Depth Solutions
What are the 3 types of transmission based precautions Right Ans - 1)
contact (either direct or indirect) : any skin to skin contact with patient, gown,
surfaces patient has touches.
2) droplet: infectious agent that transmits infection when they travel from
respiratory tract from infected individual via sneezing or coughing to
susceptible mucosal surfaces of recipient (less than 3 feet away)
3) airborne: via contaminated dust particles or minute droplet nuclei (can be
transmitted more than 3 feet away)
Give examples of common bacterial infections Right Ans - 1) Streptococcus
2) staphylococcus
3) Tuberculosis
Give examples of common viral infections Right Ans - 1) HIV --> AIDS
2) Epstein-Barre syndrome
3) Influenza virus
4) Hepatitis B
What are complications that result from being infected with Streptococcus?
Right Ans - Pharyngitis (strep throat), toxic shock syndrome, rheumatic fever,
scarlet fever, skin infections
What are some complication that result from being infected with
Staphylococcus? aka toxic shock syndrome Right Ans - mild skin infections
(pimples, impetigo), meningitis, endocarditis, and pneumonia
What are some complications that result from being infected with TB?
Right Ans - coughing up blood, known as respiratory illness that causes
progressive lung damage, fever, night sweats, weight loss. It can also effect
many organs including the kidneys and intestines
What is AIDS? Right Ans - AIDS is a complication of HIV. This basically
means that the infected individual has lost cell-mediated immunity (the
,person's innate immune system) and are therefore way more vulnerable to
opportunistic infections.
AIDS stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome
What does Hepatitis B cause/complications? How is it transmitted? Right
Ans - causes irreversible liver damage, due to inflammation of liver.
(Cirrhosis)
Transmitted mainly through sexual contact, sharing needles, or other drug
equipment, or even from mother to baby
How is HIV transmitted, and what are some other complications besides
AIDS? Right Ans - HIV is transmitted via blood, rectal fluid, vaginal fluid,
semen, breast milk in mother. These fluids must come into contact w/ a
mucous membrane or damaged tissue or be directly injected into the
bloodstream
What does Epstein-Barre syndrome cause/complications? Right Ans - First
off it is a herpesvirus that infects B cells of immune system
Can cause Burkitt's lymphoma: large tumors in facial and abdominal regions
(cancer of lymphatic system)
Can also cause Infectious Mononucleosis: known as "kissing disease"
transmitted through saliva. It can cause fever, fatigue, sore throat, and swollen
lymph nodes
What complications result from Influenza virus? Right Ans - First off it is an
enveloped virus that can undergo rapid changes. This is also why there is
annual renewal of the vaccine, because the vaccine of the previous year is not
effective.
Complications: can cause fatal bacterial superinfections especially in young
children
Give examples of bloodborne pathogens. How can bloodborne pathogens be
transmitted? Right Ans - Hepatitis B, C and HIV
,Can be transmitted during recapping needles, and cuts from contaminated
sharp instruments. Also blood splash exposures (via the eyes, skin, nose or
mouth)
T or F? It is completely okay to bring flowers and fresh fruit in neutropenic
isolation rooms (patient-protection precaution) Right Ans - False
T or F? Alcohol rub/antimicrobial hand sanitizer is NOT appropriate hand
hygiene when entering and leaving Contact PLUS isolation rooms (aka Contact
Enteric Isolation Rooms) Right Ans - True. You must wash your hands with
soap and water, because hand sanitizer will not kill contact PLUS pathogens
such as C. diff
What are some environmental controls that can be taken to limit
transmission? Right Ans - 1) Environmental cleaning: disinfecting patient
areas and non-porous surfaces that infected patient have touched. Generally
cleaning is essential however
2) Patient Placement: place patient who contaminate the environment or
cannot maintain proper hygiene in private room
3) Positive or Negative Air Flow Room/ Units
What are some examples of organisms that are transmitted via contact?
Right Ans - Scabies, Shigella, Salmonella, and MRSA
What are some examples of patients that can transmit illness through droplet
transmission? Right Ans - Those infected with Pertussis, Pneumonia,
influenza virus, and strep throat
What are some examples of organisms that are transmitted via the air
(airborne)? Right Ans - Tuberculosis, SARS, shingles (herpes zoster),
measles, and Varicella
Why is it restricted for Scholars to enter airborne isolation rooms?
A) Scholars will most likely forget to wear proper PPE
B) Scholars can enter airborne isolation rooms as long as they are wearing
proper PPE
, C) Scholars do not have a strong immune system since most are under the age
of 20, and a fully developed immune system does not develop until 25
D) Staff must wear N-95 masks, which are specific to each and every clinical
staff member and are not available to Scholars Right Ans - D
What pathogens are germicidal disposable wipes effective against? Right
Ans - Bacteria, viruses, and TB
What pathogens are bleach wipes effective against? Right Ans - Polio, C.
Diff, HIV-1, MRSA, VRE, salmonella, pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, gram
negative rods, herpes simplex
Is blood exposure considered an incident or injury? Right Ans - Incident
True or False? Scholars can recap needles Right Ans - False
True or false? Scholars can only perform chest compression when directed by
clinical staff member but not handle bag valve masks, or other ventilation
devices Right Ans - True
True or False? Scholars cannot transport blood for blood transfusion. Right
Ans - True
Can scholars transport blood samples to the lab? Right Ans - Yes
What is scabies?. You do not need to know this for written exam btw Right
Ans - infestation of the skin by the human itch mite which burrows into the
upper layer of the skin where it lives and lays eggs
What is Salmonella? *dont need to know Right Ans - causes gastrointestinal
illness such as severe abdominal pain, blood in stool, and fever (bacterial
infection)
What is Shigella? *dont need to know Right Ans - intestinal disease that
results in bloody diarrhea, stomach cramps and fever (bacterial infection)
What is C. diff? *dont need to know Right Ans - causes inflammation of the
colon wall, resulting in abdominal pain, blood in stool, nausea, and fever
(bacterial infection)
With In-Depth Solutions
What are the 3 types of transmission based precautions Right Ans - 1)
contact (either direct or indirect) : any skin to skin contact with patient, gown,
surfaces patient has touches.
2) droplet: infectious agent that transmits infection when they travel from
respiratory tract from infected individual via sneezing or coughing to
susceptible mucosal surfaces of recipient (less than 3 feet away)
3) airborne: via contaminated dust particles or minute droplet nuclei (can be
transmitted more than 3 feet away)
Give examples of common bacterial infections Right Ans - 1) Streptococcus
2) staphylococcus
3) Tuberculosis
Give examples of common viral infections Right Ans - 1) HIV --> AIDS
2) Epstein-Barre syndrome
3) Influenza virus
4) Hepatitis B
What are complications that result from being infected with Streptococcus?
Right Ans - Pharyngitis (strep throat), toxic shock syndrome, rheumatic fever,
scarlet fever, skin infections
What are some complication that result from being infected with
Staphylococcus? aka toxic shock syndrome Right Ans - mild skin infections
(pimples, impetigo), meningitis, endocarditis, and pneumonia
What are some complications that result from being infected with TB?
Right Ans - coughing up blood, known as respiratory illness that causes
progressive lung damage, fever, night sweats, weight loss. It can also effect
many organs including the kidneys and intestines
What is AIDS? Right Ans - AIDS is a complication of HIV. This basically
means that the infected individual has lost cell-mediated immunity (the
,person's innate immune system) and are therefore way more vulnerable to
opportunistic infections.
AIDS stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome
What does Hepatitis B cause/complications? How is it transmitted? Right
Ans - causes irreversible liver damage, due to inflammation of liver.
(Cirrhosis)
Transmitted mainly through sexual contact, sharing needles, or other drug
equipment, or even from mother to baby
How is HIV transmitted, and what are some other complications besides
AIDS? Right Ans - HIV is transmitted via blood, rectal fluid, vaginal fluid,
semen, breast milk in mother. These fluids must come into contact w/ a
mucous membrane or damaged tissue or be directly injected into the
bloodstream
What does Epstein-Barre syndrome cause/complications? Right Ans - First
off it is a herpesvirus that infects B cells of immune system
Can cause Burkitt's lymphoma: large tumors in facial and abdominal regions
(cancer of lymphatic system)
Can also cause Infectious Mononucleosis: known as "kissing disease"
transmitted through saliva. It can cause fever, fatigue, sore throat, and swollen
lymph nodes
What complications result from Influenza virus? Right Ans - First off it is an
enveloped virus that can undergo rapid changes. This is also why there is
annual renewal of the vaccine, because the vaccine of the previous year is not
effective.
Complications: can cause fatal bacterial superinfections especially in young
children
Give examples of bloodborne pathogens. How can bloodborne pathogens be
transmitted? Right Ans - Hepatitis B, C and HIV
,Can be transmitted during recapping needles, and cuts from contaminated
sharp instruments. Also blood splash exposures (via the eyes, skin, nose or
mouth)
T or F? It is completely okay to bring flowers and fresh fruit in neutropenic
isolation rooms (patient-protection precaution) Right Ans - False
T or F? Alcohol rub/antimicrobial hand sanitizer is NOT appropriate hand
hygiene when entering and leaving Contact PLUS isolation rooms (aka Contact
Enteric Isolation Rooms) Right Ans - True. You must wash your hands with
soap and water, because hand sanitizer will not kill contact PLUS pathogens
such as C. diff
What are some environmental controls that can be taken to limit
transmission? Right Ans - 1) Environmental cleaning: disinfecting patient
areas and non-porous surfaces that infected patient have touched. Generally
cleaning is essential however
2) Patient Placement: place patient who contaminate the environment or
cannot maintain proper hygiene in private room
3) Positive or Negative Air Flow Room/ Units
What are some examples of organisms that are transmitted via contact?
Right Ans - Scabies, Shigella, Salmonella, and MRSA
What are some examples of patients that can transmit illness through droplet
transmission? Right Ans - Those infected with Pertussis, Pneumonia,
influenza virus, and strep throat
What are some examples of organisms that are transmitted via the air
(airborne)? Right Ans - Tuberculosis, SARS, shingles (herpes zoster),
measles, and Varicella
Why is it restricted for Scholars to enter airborne isolation rooms?
A) Scholars will most likely forget to wear proper PPE
B) Scholars can enter airborne isolation rooms as long as they are wearing
proper PPE
, C) Scholars do not have a strong immune system since most are under the age
of 20, and a fully developed immune system does not develop until 25
D) Staff must wear N-95 masks, which are specific to each and every clinical
staff member and are not available to Scholars Right Ans - D
What pathogens are germicidal disposable wipes effective against? Right
Ans - Bacteria, viruses, and TB
What pathogens are bleach wipes effective against? Right Ans - Polio, C.
Diff, HIV-1, MRSA, VRE, salmonella, pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, gram
negative rods, herpes simplex
Is blood exposure considered an incident or injury? Right Ans - Incident
True or False? Scholars can recap needles Right Ans - False
True or false? Scholars can only perform chest compression when directed by
clinical staff member but not handle bag valve masks, or other ventilation
devices Right Ans - True
True or False? Scholars cannot transport blood for blood transfusion. Right
Ans - True
Can scholars transport blood samples to the lab? Right Ans - Yes
What is scabies?. You do not need to know this for written exam btw Right
Ans - infestation of the skin by the human itch mite which burrows into the
upper layer of the skin where it lives and lays eggs
What is Salmonella? *dont need to know Right Ans - causes gastrointestinal
illness such as severe abdominal pain, blood in stool, and fever (bacterial
infection)
What is Shigella? *dont need to know Right Ans - intestinal disease that
results in bloody diarrhea, stomach cramps and fever (bacterial infection)
What is C. diff? *dont need to know Right Ans - causes inflammation of the
colon wall, resulting in abdominal pain, blood in stool, nausea, and fever
(bacterial infection)
