ARDMS ABDOMINAL SONOGRAPHY EXAM NEWEST 2024 COMPLETE 250 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS
The prostate is located in the (retroperitoneum or peritoneum) layer. - (answer) retroperitoneum
What borders the prostate gland? (A-P & S-I) - (answer) Ant = pubic bone
Post = rectum
Sup = bladder
Inf = urogenital diaphragm
What artery supplies the prostate gland & has branches from the internal iliac artery? - (answer)
Inferior vesical artery
Apex - (answer) Inferior portion just superior to the urogenital diaphragm
Base - (answer) Superior portion just below the inferior margin of the bladder
Seminal vesicles - (answer) 2 sac-like out-pouchings of the vas deferens b/t the bladder and rectum &
adjacent to the superior/posterior prostate
Ejaculatory ducts - (answer) pass thru the central zone & empties into urethra
Verumontanum - (answer) longitudinal ridge in the urethra that the ejaculatory ducts are adjacent to
Corpora amylacea - (answer) calcifications commonly seen in the inner gland of the prostate
Surgical capsule - (answer) demarcation b/t the inner(central/transitional) & outer(peripheral) gland
Eiffel tower sign - (answer) shadowing created by calcifications in the urethra/verumontanum area
Name the 4 zones of the prostate - (answer) 1.peripheral
2.central
,ARDMS ABDOMINAL SONOGRAPHY EXAM NEWEST 2024 COMPLETE 250 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS
3.transitional
4.fibromuscular stroma
Peripheral Zone - (answer) Posterior portion
70% of organ's tissue
Most common area for cancers
Extends to apex
Central Zone - (answer) Superior portion
25% of organ's tissue
Ejaculatory ducts pass thru here
Transitional Zone - (answer) 5% of organ's tissue
Site of origin of BPH
Fibromuscular stroma - (answer) Anterior portion
Non-glandular tissue
Not affected by cancers, infections, hyperplasia
Gleason score - (answer) grading of prostate cancer
Orientation for prostate study:
In transverse view, what is at the top, bottom, left, & right of screen? (In that order) - (answer) Anterior,
posterior, right, left
Orientation for prostate study:
In sagittal view, what is at the top, bottom, left, & right of screen? (In that order) - (answer) Anterior,
posterior, superior, inferior
,ARDMS ABDOMINAL SONOGRAPHY EXAM NEWEST 2024 COMPLETE 250 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS
What does TRUS stand for? - (answer) TransRectal UltraSound
What age & percentage of men are diagnosed with prostate cancer? - (answer) >65 yo
>80%
What race is 2x more likely to develop prostate cancer than white males? - (answer) African American
What does the genetic make-up of a patient have to do with prostate cancer likelihood? - (answer) 1st
degree relative = 2-3 x greater risk of developing cancer
PSA - (answer) Prostate specific antigen
Enzyme that increases with age, prostate volume, cancer, BPH, prostatitis
Levels: < 4 (benign) & > 10 (malignant)
PAP - (answer) Prostatic acid phosphatase
Enzyme that increases with carcinoma (& other conditions)
What is the classic sonographic appearance of prostate cancer? - (answer) hypoechoic, peripherally-
oriented lesion
Lesion directed biopsy - (answer) Method of prostate biopsy
Based on sonographic lesion
Poor detection rate
Systematic sextant biopsy - (answer) Method of prostate biopsy
Tests 3 on the right & 3 on the left
Increased detection rate
Parasagittal sextant biopsy - (answer) Method of prostate biopsy
, ARDMS ABDOMINAL SONOGRAPHY EXAM NEWEST 2024 COMPLETE 250 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS
Includes additional biopsy cores (10 total, incl the systematic method) in the lateral aspects of the
peripheral zone
What is prostate staging & types? - (answer) Determines treatment type & indicator of prognosis
1- Non-palpable
2-Palpable, in gland
3-Palpable, extends through capsule
4-Metastases
BPH - (answer) Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Occurs in the transitional & periurethral zones
Hypoechoic, enlargement of prostate
Frequency, small stream, hard to initiate
Prostate Cysts:
Name the 4 types & locations - (answer) Mullerian duct cyst (midline)
Utricle cyst (midline)
Retention cyst (lateral)
Ejaculatory duct cyst (lateral, central)
What is the role of Color Doppler in a TRUS? - (answer) allows improved perception of pathologic
vessels in association with cancer
What is the most common appearance of the seminal vesicles by TRUS? - (answer) Hypoechoic,
symmetrical, irregularly shaped structures
You are performing a TRUS in a patient with acute prostatitis. An anechoic mass is seen within the
prostate. This most likely represents _______. - (answer) abscess. They appear as an anechoic mass w/
or w/out internal echoes.
DETAILED ANSWERS
The prostate is located in the (retroperitoneum or peritoneum) layer. - (answer) retroperitoneum
What borders the prostate gland? (A-P & S-I) - (answer) Ant = pubic bone
Post = rectum
Sup = bladder
Inf = urogenital diaphragm
What artery supplies the prostate gland & has branches from the internal iliac artery? - (answer)
Inferior vesical artery
Apex - (answer) Inferior portion just superior to the urogenital diaphragm
Base - (answer) Superior portion just below the inferior margin of the bladder
Seminal vesicles - (answer) 2 sac-like out-pouchings of the vas deferens b/t the bladder and rectum &
adjacent to the superior/posterior prostate
Ejaculatory ducts - (answer) pass thru the central zone & empties into urethra
Verumontanum - (answer) longitudinal ridge in the urethra that the ejaculatory ducts are adjacent to
Corpora amylacea - (answer) calcifications commonly seen in the inner gland of the prostate
Surgical capsule - (answer) demarcation b/t the inner(central/transitional) & outer(peripheral) gland
Eiffel tower sign - (answer) shadowing created by calcifications in the urethra/verumontanum area
Name the 4 zones of the prostate - (answer) 1.peripheral
2.central
,ARDMS ABDOMINAL SONOGRAPHY EXAM NEWEST 2024 COMPLETE 250 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS
3.transitional
4.fibromuscular stroma
Peripheral Zone - (answer) Posterior portion
70% of organ's tissue
Most common area for cancers
Extends to apex
Central Zone - (answer) Superior portion
25% of organ's tissue
Ejaculatory ducts pass thru here
Transitional Zone - (answer) 5% of organ's tissue
Site of origin of BPH
Fibromuscular stroma - (answer) Anterior portion
Non-glandular tissue
Not affected by cancers, infections, hyperplasia
Gleason score - (answer) grading of prostate cancer
Orientation for prostate study:
In transverse view, what is at the top, bottom, left, & right of screen? (In that order) - (answer) Anterior,
posterior, right, left
Orientation for prostate study:
In sagittal view, what is at the top, bottom, left, & right of screen? (In that order) - (answer) Anterior,
posterior, superior, inferior
,ARDMS ABDOMINAL SONOGRAPHY EXAM NEWEST 2024 COMPLETE 250 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS
What does TRUS stand for? - (answer) TransRectal UltraSound
What age & percentage of men are diagnosed with prostate cancer? - (answer) >65 yo
>80%
What race is 2x more likely to develop prostate cancer than white males? - (answer) African American
What does the genetic make-up of a patient have to do with prostate cancer likelihood? - (answer) 1st
degree relative = 2-3 x greater risk of developing cancer
PSA - (answer) Prostate specific antigen
Enzyme that increases with age, prostate volume, cancer, BPH, prostatitis
Levels: < 4 (benign) & > 10 (malignant)
PAP - (answer) Prostatic acid phosphatase
Enzyme that increases with carcinoma (& other conditions)
What is the classic sonographic appearance of prostate cancer? - (answer) hypoechoic, peripherally-
oriented lesion
Lesion directed biopsy - (answer) Method of prostate biopsy
Based on sonographic lesion
Poor detection rate
Systematic sextant biopsy - (answer) Method of prostate biopsy
Tests 3 on the right & 3 on the left
Increased detection rate
Parasagittal sextant biopsy - (answer) Method of prostate biopsy
, ARDMS ABDOMINAL SONOGRAPHY EXAM NEWEST 2024 COMPLETE 250 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS
Includes additional biopsy cores (10 total, incl the systematic method) in the lateral aspects of the
peripheral zone
What is prostate staging & types? - (answer) Determines treatment type & indicator of prognosis
1- Non-palpable
2-Palpable, in gland
3-Palpable, extends through capsule
4-Metastases
BPH - (answer) Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Occurs in the transitional & periurethral zones
Hypoechoic, enlargement of prostate
Frequency, small stream, hard to initiate
Prostate Cysts:
Name the 4 types & locations - (answer) Mullerian duct cyst (midline)
Utricle cyst (midline)
Retention cyst (lateral)
Ejaculatory duct cyst (lateral, central)
What is the role of Color Doppler in a TRUS? - (answer) allows improved perception of pathologic
vessels in association with cancer
What is the most common appearance of the seminal vesicles by TRUS? - (answer) Hypoechoic,
symmetrical, irregularly shaped structures
You are performing a TRUS in a patient with acute prostatitis. An anechoic mass is seen within the
prostate. This most likely represents _______. - (answer) abscess. They appear as an anechoic mass w/
or w/out internal echoes.
