HEMOPHILIA - ATI: NURSING CARE OF CHILDREN EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED

HEMOPHILIA - ATI: NURSING CARE OF CHILDREN EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED Terms in this set (19) Hemophilia a group of bleeding disorders characterized by difficulty controlling bleeding. Bleeding time is extended due to lack of a factor required for blood to clot. Bleeding is internal or external. Bleeding tendencies are sometimes recognized during infancy following circumcision, but might not become apparent until the infant becomes more active and prone to injuries during the toddler years. This disorder varies in severity based on the percentage of clotting factor a child's body contains. For example, a child who has a mild form of the disorder can have up to 49% of the normal factor VIII in his body, while a child who has a severe form of the disorder has very little factor VIII. It is an X-linked recessive disorder Hemophilia A referred to as "classic hemophilia"; characterized by deficicency of factor VIII; accounts for 80% of cases Hemophilia B referred to as "Christmas Disease"; characterized by deficiency of factor IX expected findings episodes of bleeding, excessive bleeding, reports of joint pain and stiffness, impaired mobility, easy bruising, and activity intolerance physical assessment findings Active bleeding, which includes bleeding gums, epistaxis, hematuria, and/or tarry stools. Hematomas and/or bruising, even with minor injuries. Hemarthrosis as evidenced by joint pain, stiffness, warmth, swelling, redness, loss of range of motion, and deformities. Headache, slurred speech, and a decreased level of consciousness partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) prolonged factor-specific assays determines deficiency platelets & prothrombin WNL whole blood clotting time WNL or prolonged DNA Testing detects classic hemophilia trait in females bleeding management Administer injections via the subcutaneous route instead of the intramuscular route whenever possible. Avoid unnecessary skin punctures and use surgical aseptic technique. Venipunctures are preferred over finger or heel sticks for blood sampling. Monitor urine, stool, and nasogastric fluid for occult blood. Do not administer aspirin or any products that contain aspirin. Acetaminophen is an acceptable substitute for aspirin. Control localized bleeding (Administer factor replacement. Observe for adverse effects, which include headache, flushing, low sodium, and alterations in heart rate and blood pressure. Encourage the child to rest and immobilize the affected joints. Elevate and apply ice to the affected joints). 1‑deamino‑8‑d‑arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) synthetic form of vasopressin that increases plasma factor VIII (antihemophilic factor). Effective for mild, but not severe, hemophilia Not effective for hemophilia B, which involves a factor IX deficiency. Can be given prior to dental or surgical procedures Factor VIII, products that contain factor VIII, pooled plasma, and recombinant products Used to prevent and treat hemorrhage. Administer by IV infusion. Instruct the child and family that treatment can require numerous doses. Periodic administration has proven effective for preventing bleeding complications. corticosteroids Used to treat hematuria, acute episodes of hemarthrosis, and chronic synovitis. Monitor for infection and bleeding. Encourage the client and family to maintain good hand hygiene and avoid individuals with colds/infection/viruses.