3/18/25, 7:38 BIOS 255 - Final Flashcards |
AM
BIOS 255 – FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS VERIFIED
Terms in this set (214)
What are the 2 type of immune response? Innate Immunity and Adaptive Immunity
Which lines of defense make up innate 1st and 2nd line of defense
immunity?
Non-specific resistance
Innate Immunity characteristics Present at birth
1st & 2nd line of defense
What is the 1st line of defense? Skin & Mucous Membranes
What is the 2nd line of defense? Internal Defenses
The 1st line of defense is made up of what 2 Mechanical Defense & Chemical Defense
types?
skin
mucous membranes
tears
saliva
What are the mechanical defenses in innate mucus
immunity cillia
epiglottis
urine
defecating
vomiting
sebum
What are the chemical defenses in innate
lysozyme
immunity
gastric juices
antimicrobial
proteins natural
killer cells Fever
What makes up the internal defenses of
Phagocytes
innate immunity
Inflammation
Complement system
Interferons (IFN)
chemotaxis
Adherence
steps of phagocytosis Ingestion
Digestion
killing
redness/pain/heat/swelling
Vasodilation & increase permeability of blood vessels
What happens in inflammation?
phagocytes migrate from blood to injury
PRISH
What do interferons do? protect the uninfected host cell from viral infection
adaptive immunity definition ability of body to defend itself against specific invading agents
Specific immunity
adaptive immunity characteristics has both specificity and memory
2 types
1/
6
, 3/18/25, 7:38 BIOS 255 - Final Flashcards |
AM
what are the 2 types of adaptive immunity cell mediated and antibody mediated
What is Cell Mediated Immunity Specific immunity that only uses T cells
produces antibody B cells in response to antigen. Either works alone or with Helper T
antibody-mediated immunity
cells (humoral)
Immunogenicity ability to provoke immune response
Reactivity ability of antigen to react specifically to antibody it provokes
receptors on B & T
What are epitopes?
cells Binding site
B Cells in antigen processing Recognize and bind to antigens in lymph, interstitial fluid and blood
T Cells in antigen processing only recognize fragments of antigenic proteins (MHC)
What is antigen presentation? the antigen-MHC complex is inserted into plasma membrane of body cell
Organism begins OUTSIDE the cell
MHC II
Exogenous Antigen processing
Organism begins INSIDE the cell
MHC I
Endogenous Antigen Processing
small protein hormones (paracrine secretions) that stimulate or inhibit many normal
Cytokines
cell functions
Secreted by Helper T Cells
Interleukin 2 (IL -2) costimulate proliferation of helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and B cells
activate NK cells
produce macrophages
Interleukin 1 (IL-1) promotes proliferation of helper T cells
acts on hypothalamus to cause
fever
Where are MHC I found? present in all cells
Where are MHC II found? only on antigen presenting cells
what are the 2 types of T cells? Helper CD4 T Cells and Cytotoxic CD8 T cells
-Antigen Cell comes in
-Antigen recognition due to costimulation
-inactive helper T cells bind with MHC II
Helper T cell proliferation steps
-helper T cells activated
-clonal selection forms helper t cell clone
-creates memory helper t cell & active helper t cell
-infected body cell
-Helper T cell costimulation
-MHC I binds and creates inactive cytotoxic T cells
cytotoxic T cell proliferation steps
-CT cells activated
-Formation of CT cell clone
- creates active CT cell & memory CT cell
what are the 2 pathways of cytotoxic t use of granzymes
cells? use of
granulysin
2/
6
AM
BIOS 255 – FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS VERIFIED
Terms in this set (214)
What are the 2 type of immune response? Innate Immunity and Adaptive Immunity
Which lines of defense make up innate 1st and 2nd line of defense
immunity?
Non-specific resistance
Innate Immunity characteristics Present at birth
1st & 2nd line of defense
What is the 1st line of defense? Skin & Mucous Membranes
What is the 2nd line of defense? Internal Defenses
The 1st line of defense is made up of what 2 Mechanical Defense & Chemical Defense
types?
skin
mucous membranes
tears
saliva
What are the mechanical defenses in innate mucus
immunity cillia
epiglottis
urine
defecating
vomiting
sebum
What are the chemical defenses in innate
lysozyme
immunity
gastric juices
antimicrobial
proteins natural
killer cells Fever
What makes up the internal defenses of
Phagocytes
innate immunity
Inflammation
Complement system
Interferons (IFN)
chemotaxis
Adherence
steps of phagocytosis Ingestion
Digestion
killing
redness/pain/heat/swelling
Vasodilation & increase permeability of blood vessels
What happens in inflammation?
phagocytes migrate from blood to injury
PRISH
What do interferons do? protect the uninfected host cell from viral infection
adaptive immunity definition ability of body to defend itself against specific invading agents
Specific immunity
adaptive immunity characteristics has both specificity and memory
2 types
1/
6
, 3/18/25, 7:38 BIOS 255 - Final Flashcards |
AM
what are the 2 types of adaptive immunity cell mediated and antibody mediated
What is Cell Mediated Immunity Specific immunity that only uses T cells
produces antibody B cells in response to antigen. Either works alone or with Helper T
antibody-mediated immunity
cells (humoral)
Immunogenicity ability to provoke immune response
Reactivity ability of antigen to react specifically to antibody it provokes
receptors on B & T
What are epitopes?
cells Binding site
B Cells in antigen processing Recognize and bind to antigens in lymph, interstitial fluid and blood
T Cells in antigen processing only recognize fragments of antigenic proteins (MHC)
What is antigen presentation? the antigen-MHC complex is inserted into plasma membrane of body cell
Organism begins OUTSIDE the cell
MHC II
Exogenous Antigen processing
Organism begins INSIDE the cell
MHC I
Endogenous Antigen Processing
small protein hormones (paracrine secretions) that stimulate or inhibit many normal
Cytokines
cell functions
Secreted by Helper T Cells
Interleukin 2 (IL -2) costimulate proliferation of helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and B cells
activate NK cells
produce macrophages
Interleukin 1 (IL-1) promotes proliferation of helper T cells
acts on hypothalamus to cause
fever
Where are MHC I found? present in all cells
Where are MHC II found? only on antigen presenting cells
what are the 2 types of T cells? Helper CD4 T Cells and Cytotoxic CD8 T cells
-Antigen Cell comes in
-Antigen recognition due to costimulation
-inactive helper T cells bind with MHC II
Helper T cell proliferation steps
-helper T cells activated
-clonal selection forms helper t cell clone
-creates memory helper t cell & active helper t cell
-infected body cell
-Helper T cell costimulation
-MHC I binds and creates inactive cytotoxic T cells
cytotoxic T cell proliferation steps
-CT cells activated
-Formation of CT cell clone
- creates active CT cell & memory CT cell
what are the 2 pathways of cytotoxic t use of granzymes
cells? use of
granulysin
2/
6
