Pharmacology II Exam 2
Questions and Answers
2025-2026
Best marker for estimating kidney function - Ans -GFR, if its elevated filtrate is not
passing through the kidneys
Avoid what medication with kidney failure? - Ans -NSAIDs
What time of day do we want patients to take their diuretics? - Ans -Morning -- we dont
want them peeing all night!
Loop diuretic prototype - Ans -Furosemide
#1 Drug used for worsening heart failure - Ans -Furosemide
Administration alert for furosemide - Ans -Administer slowly or it can cause ototoxicity
Furosemide is potassium wasting or sparing? - Ans -Wasting
Mechanism of action for Furosemide - Ans -blocks reabsorption of sodium and chloride
in the loop of Henle
Uses for furosemide - Ans -Reducing edema associated with heart failure and
hypertension
Monitor what with furosemide use? - Ans -Cardiac output (monitor!) and blood pressure
T/F Furosemide in IV works in minutes. - Ans -True, so monitor their BP and HR right
away
Furosemide (Lasix) ways of admin - Ans -PO and IV
Thiazide diuretic prototype - Ans -hydrochlorothiazide
Is hydrochlorothiazide potassium sparing or wasting? - Ans -Wasting
Mechanism of action for hydrochlorothiazide - Ans -Blocks sodium reabsorption and
increases potassium and water excretion
T/F Thiazide diuretics are less effective than loop diuretics. - Ans -True
Do not administer hydrochlorothiazide to patients that are diagnosed with.. - Ans -Gout
Do not give hydrochlorothiazide to patients with this allergy. - Ans -Sulfa
, Potassium Sparing Diuretic prototype - Ans -Spironolactone
Advantage of Spironolactone over the other diuretics? - Ans -Diuresis without affecting
potassium
Mechanism of action for Spironolactone - Ans -blocks sodium and aldosterone
What does aldosterone do? - Ans -Control renal reabsorption of sodium and potassium
Increased aldosterone = - Ans -sodium and water retention, so if we are blocking it....
Na and H20 = eliminated
Hyperkalemia signs - Ans -Muscle cramping and cardiac arrhythmias
Spironolactone is used for - Ans -heart failure
Drug to drug interaction with Spironolactone - Ans -Lisinopril -- too much potassium!
What other food should we tell patients to avoid regarding high potassium? - Ans -Salt
substitutes
Osmotic diuretic prototype - Ans -Mannitol
Mechanism of action for mannitol - Ans -increases the thickness of filtrate so water can't
be reabsorbed into blood stream
What is mannitol used for? - Ans -decreasing swelling/pressure in eyes and brain
What admin form in mannitol in? - Ans -IV only
What do we assess for with mannitol? - Ans -Lung sounds -- and it can worsen edema
T/F Mannitol can be used long term. - Ans -False, its for acute not chronic
Monitor what while using mannitol and why? - Ans -LOC and pupillary responses
We want to make sure we're decreasing ICP not increasing
Nitroglycerin mechanism of action - Ans -relaxes both arterial and venous smooth
muscle to dilate coronary arteries
What is nitroglycerin used for? - Ans -Treatment or prevention of angina or ACUTE
chest pain
How many nitroglycerin tablets can someone take while waiting for 911? - Ans -4
Questions and Answers
2025-2026
Best marker for estimating kidney function - Ans -GFR, if its elevated filtrate is not
passing through the kidneys
Avoid what medication with kidney failure? - Ans -NSAIDs
What time of day do we want patients to take their diuretics? - Ans -Morning -- we dont
want them peeing all night!
Loop diuretic prototype - Ans -Furosemide
#1 Drug used for worsening heart failure - Ans -Furosemide
Administration alert for furosemide - Ans -Administer slowly or it can cause ototoxicity
Furosemide is potassium wasting or sparing? - Ans -Wasting
Mechanism of action for Furosemide - Ans -blocks reabsorption of sodium and chloride
in the loop of Henle
Uses for furosemide - Ans -Reducing edema associated with heart failure and
hypertension
Monitor what with furosemide use? - Ans -Cardiac output (monitor!) and blood pressure
T/F Furosemide in IV works in minutes. - Ans -True, so monitor their BP and HR right
away
Furosemide (Lasix) ways of admin - Ans -PO and IV
Thiazide diuretic prototype - Ans -hydrochlorothiazide
Is hydrochlorothiazide potassium sparing or wasting? - Ans -Wasting
Mechanism of action for hydrochlorothiazide - Ans -Blocks sodium reabsorption and
increases potassium and water excretion
T/F Thiazide diuretics are less effective than loop diuretics. - Ans -True
Do not administer hydrochlorothiazide to patients that are diagnosed with.. - Ans -Gout
Do not give hydrochlorothiazide to patients with this allergy. - Ans -Sulfa
, Potassium Sparing Diuretic prototype - Ans -Spironolactone
Advantage of Spironolactone over the other diuretics? - Ans -Diuresis without affecting
potassium
Mechanism of action for Spironolactone - Ans -blocks sodium and aldosterone
What does aldosterone do? - Ans -Control renal reabsorption of sodium and potassium
Increased aldosterone = - Ans -sodium and water retention, so if we are blocking it....
Na and H20 = eliminated
Hyperkalemia signs - Ans -Muscle cramping and cardiac arrhythmias
Spironolactone is used for - Ans -heart failure
Drug to drug interaction with Spironolactone - Ans -Lisinopril -- too much potassium!
What other food should we tell patients to avoid regarding high potassium? - Ans -Salt
substitutes
Osmotic diuretic prototype - Ans -Mannitol
Mechanism of action for mannitol - Ans -increases the thickness of filtrate so water can't
be reabsorbed into blood stream
What is mannitol used for? - Ans -decreasing swelling/pressure in eyes and brain
What admin form in mannitol in? - Ans -IV only
What do we assess for with mannitol? - Ans -Lung sounds -- and it can worsen edema
T/F Mannitol can be used long term. - Ans -False, its for acute not chronic
Monitor what while using mannitol and why? - Ans -LOC and pupillary responses
We want to make sure we're decreasing ICP not increasing
Nitroglycerin mechanism of action - Ans -relaxes both arterial and venous smooth
muscle to dilate coronary arteries
What is nitroglycerin used for? - Ans -Treatment or prevention of angina or ACUTE
chest pain
How many nitroglycerin tablets can someone take while waiting for 911? - Ans -4
