HORT 100 EXAM #1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Define and provide examples:
Tender perennials - Answer-Tender perennials are not cold-hardy
• Freezing temperatures may kill or severely injure them.
• Under optimal growing temperatures they can live for many years.
• Examples include: • Tomatoes and peppers • Canna lilies, begonias, geraniums •
Tropical foliage plants, bananas
define the following terms:
Epiphyte - Answer-Epiphyte Herbaceous plants that grow on the branches of trees
and shrubs.
• Modified aerial roots or leaf rosettes collect water.
• Orchids, bromeliads.
Define Bryophyte - Answer-mosses and liverworts
Pteridophyte - Answer-ferns; reproduce by means of spores
thallophyte - Answer-algae
Define Pubescence - Answer-Hairy plants: Leaf cells become modified to form hairs
(pubescence) on the leaf surface.
• Dense hairiness reduces water loss from leaves = better drought resistance.
• Dense hairs can repel insect pests.
• Dense hairs can protect plant from excess sunlight.
• Lamb's Ears (Stachys), Snow-inSummer (Cerastium tomentosum).
Define Succulents - Answer-• Leaves and stems are modified to allow long-term
water storage (often have a milky sap).
• Cacti, Sempervivums (hens and chicks).
• Valuable as houseplants and landscape plants (especially in arid climates).
Define Carnivorous - Answer-Derive some or most of their nutrients (but not energy)
from trapping and braking down animals or insects.
• Adapted to grow in places where the soil non-existent or has low nitrogen content
(bogs, aerial plants, rocky or sandy soil).
• Protein in the consumed organisms is a source of nitrogen and other essential
nutrients. • Venus fly trap, sundews, pitcher plant
"Why is it Important to Preserve New and Old Germplasm?" - Answer-National
Laboratory for Genetic Resource Preservation
• Located on the CSU campus.
• Conserves diversity.
• Seeds, clones, buds of plants.
• Yeast, fungi, bacteria, viruses.
, • Now also animal germplasm.
• Germplasm important to agriculture (which includes horticulture)
Name two plants that have been Domesticated and have an Enhanced
Horticultural Value. - Answer-Wild pepper and wild tomato
What is Cytoplasm? - Answer-everything in the cell except the nucleus
describe Cytosol - Answer-gel like solution containing proteins and water filling the
cell;
protects nucleus and other organelles
what is the Nucleus - Answer-contains DNA and genetic coding (cell functions,
differentiation
and reproduction)
what is Chloroplasts? - Answer-conversion of light energy to stored energy
what is the Mitochondria? - Answer-Plant powerhouse, ATP
Vacuole? - Answer-maintain turgor pressure, processing/storage of waste products,
storage of nutrients
Plasma membrane - - Answer-A semi-permeable barrier between outside and inside
of cell; synthesis of cellulose
what does the Cell wall do? - Answer-gives plant cells structure (none in animal
cells)
Be able to define and label the following tissues on a cross sectional diagram of
stems:
o Vascular bundle
o Xylem
o Phloem
o Cortex
o Plasmadesmata
o Epidermis - Answer-
Define meristem - Answer-These are cells that divide to produce GROWTH.• Tips of
shoots.• Often called the apical meristem and can suppress the growth of axillary
buds (apical dominance).
define differentiate (with respect to cells) - Answer-differentiate(change; controlled by
genes and regulated by hormones)
define apical dominanace - Answer-can suppress the growth of axillary buds (apical
dominance).
definee xylem - Answer-Made up of vessels and/or tracheids.
• Transports water and minerals UPWARDS in the plant, often from roots.
ANSWERS
Define and provide examples:
Tender perennials - Answer-Tender perennials are not cold-hardy
• Freezing temperatures may kill or severely injure them.
• Under optimal growing temperatures they can live for many years.
• Examples include: • Tomatoes and peppers • Canna lilies, begonias, geraniums •
Tropical foliage plants, bananas
define the following terms:
Epiphyte - Answer-Epiphyte Herbaceous plants that grow on the branches of trees
and shrubs.
• Modified aerial roots or leaf rosettes collect water.
• Orchids, bromeliads.
Define Bryophyte - Answer-mosses and liverworts
Pteridophyte - Answer-ferns; reproduce by means of spores
thallophyte - Answer-algae
Define Pubescence - Answer-Hairy plants: Leaf cells become modified to form hairs
(pubescence) on the leaf surface.
• Dense hairiness reduces water loss from leaves = better drought resistance.
• Dense hairs can repel insect pests.
• Dense hairs can protect plant from excess sunlight.
• Lamb's Ears (Stachys), Snow-inSummer (Cerastium tomentosum).
Define Succulents - Answer-• Leaves and stems are modified to allow long-term
water storage (often have a milky sap).
• Cacti, Sempervivums (hens and chicks).
• Valuable as houseplants and landscape plants (especially in arid climates).
Define Carnivorous - Answer-Derive some or most of their nutrients (but not energy)
from trapping and braking down animals or insects.
• Adapted to grow in places where the soil non-existent or has low nitrogen content
(bogs, aerial plants, rocky or sandy soil).
• Protein in the consumed organisms is a source of nitrogen and other essential
nutrients. • Venus fly trap, sundews, pitcher plant
"Why is it Important to Preserve New and Old Germplasm?" - Answer-National
Laboratory for Genetic Resource Preservation
• Located on the CSU campus.
• Conserves diversity.
• Seeds, clones, buds of plants.
• Yeast, fungi, bacteria, viruses.
, • Now also animal germplasm.
• Germplasm important to agriculture (which includes horticulture)
Name two plants that have been Domesticated and have an Enhanced
Horticultural Value. - Answer-Wild pepper and wild tomato
What is Cytoplasm? - Answer-everything in the cell except the nucleus
describe Cytosol - Answer-gel like solution containing proteins and water filling the
cell;
protects nucleus and other organelles
what is the Nucleus - Answer-contains DNA and genetic coding (cell functions,
differentiation
and reproduction)
what is Chloroplasts? - Answer-conversion of light energy to stored energy
what is the Mitochondria? - Answer-Plant powerhouse, ATP
Vacuole? - Answer-maintain turgor pressure, processing/storage of waste products,
storage of nutrients
Plasma membrane - - Answer-A semi-permeable barrier between outside and inside
of cell; synthesis of cellulose
what does the Cell wall do? - Answer-gives plant cells structure (none in animal
cells)
Be able to define and label the following tissues on a cross sectional diagram of
stems:
o Vascular bundle
o Xylem
o Phloem
o Cortex
o Plasmadesmata
o Epidermis - Answer-
Define meristem - Answer-These are cells that divide to produce GROWTH.• Tips of
shoots.• Often called the apical meristem and can suppress the growth of axillary
buds (apical dominance).
define differentiate (with respect to cells) - Answer-differentiate(change; controlled by
genes and regulated by hormones)
define apical dominanace - Answer-can suppress the growth of axillary buds (apical
dominance).
definee xylem - Answer-Made up of vessels and/or tracheids.
• Transports water and minerals UPWARDS in the plant, often from roots.
