UNCW Biology 201 Final Exam| 113
questions| with complete solutions
Course
Bio 201
1. Which of the following is a primary function of the rough endoplasmic
reticulum (RER)?
A) Synthesis of lipids
B) Detoxification of drugs
C) Synthesis of proteins
D) Storage of genetic information
Solution:
The RER is studded with ribosomes, which are responsible for protein synthesis.
✅ Correct Answer: C) Synthesis of proteins
2. In cellular respiration, which step produces the most ATP?
A) Glycolysis
B) Krebs cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
C) Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
D) Fermentation
Solution:
The ETC generates the most ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
✅ Correct Answer: C) Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
3. What would happen to a red blood cell placed in a hypotonic solution?
A) It would shrink
B) It would swell and possibly burst
C) It would remain unchanged
D) It would lose all its organelles
Solution:
In a hypotonic solution, water moves into the cell, causing it to swell and possibly lyse.
✅ Correct Answer: B) It would swell and possibly burst
,4. Which of the following enzymes is responsible for unzipping the DNA double
helix during replication?
A) DNA polymerase
B) Ligase
C) Helicase
D) Primase
Solution:
Helicase unwinds and separates the DNA strands to initiate replication.
✅ Correct Answer: C) Helicase
5. During photosynthesis, the light-dependent reactions occur in the:
A) Cytoplasm
B) Stroma
C) Thylakoid membranes
D) Mitochondria
Solution:
Light-dependent reactions take place in the thylakoid membranes, where light energy is
converted into ATP and NADPH.
✅ Correct Answer: C) Thylakoid membranes
6. What is the expected phenotypic ratio of a dihybrid cross (AaBb × AaBb)
under Mendelian inheritance?
A) 9:3:3:1
B) 3:1
C) 1:2:1
D) 1:1
Solution:
A dihybrid cross between two heterozygous parents follows a 9:3:3:1 ratio for dominant and
recessive traits.
✅ Correct Answer: A) 9:3:3:1
7. What is the role of tRNA in translation?
,A) It carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome
B) It catalyzes peptide bond formation
C) It carries amino acids to the ribosome
D) It synthesizes mRNA
Solution:
tRNA transports specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.
✅ Correct Answer: C) It carries amino acids to the ribosome
8. Which hormone regulates blood sugar levels by promoting glucose uptake into
cells?
A) Glucagon
B) Insulin
C) Cortisol
D) Adrenaline
Solution:
Insulin lowers blood sugar by stimulating glucose uptake into cells.
✅ Correct Answer: B) Insulin
9. A mutation that changes a single nucleotide but does not affect the amino acid
sequence is called:
A) Missense mutation
B) Nonsense mutation
C) Silent mutation
D) Frameshift mutation
Solution:
A silent mutation does not alter the amino acid sequence due to the redundancy of the genetic
code.
✅ Correct Answer: C) Silent mutation
10. Which type of muscle is involuntary and striated?
A) Skeletal muscle
B) Smooth muscle
, C) Cardiac muscle
D) Connective tissue
Solution:
Cardiac muscle is both involuntary (like smooth muscle) and striated (like skeletal muscle).
✅ Correct Answer: C) Cardiac muscle
11. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of enzymes?
A) They speed up reactions by lowering activation energy
B) They are consumed in the reaction
C) They are specific to substrates
D) Their activity can be affected by pH and temperature
Solution:
Enzymes are not consumed in reactions—they can be reused.
✅ Correct Answer: B) They are consumed in the reaction
12. What is the main function of ribosomes?
A) DNA replication
B) Protein synthesis
C) Lipid metabolism
D) Energy production
Solution:
Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
✅ Correct Answer: B) Protein synthesis
13. In which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate?
A) Prophase
B) Metaphase
C) Anaphase
D) Telophase
Solution:
During anaphase, sister chromatids are pulled apart toward opposite poles.
✅ Correct Answer: C) Anaphase
14. Which macromolecule stores genetic information?
questions| with complete solutions
Course
Bio 201
1. Which of the following is a primary function of the rough endoplasmic
reticulum (RER)?
A) Synthesis of lipids
B) Detoxification of drugs
C) Synthesis of proteins
D) Storage of genetic information
Solution:
The RER is studded with ribosomes, which are responsible for protein synthesis.
✅ Correct Answer: C) Synthesis of proteins
2. In cellular respiration, which step produces the most ATP?
A) Glycolysis
B) Krebs cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
C) Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
D) Fermentation
Solution:
The ETC generates the most ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
✅ Correct Answer: C) Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
3. What would happen to a red blood cell placed in a hypotonic solution?
A) It would shrink
B) It would swell and possibly burst
C) It would remain unchanged
D) It would lose all its organelles
Solution:
In a hypotonic solution, water moves into the cell, causing it to swell and possibly lyse.
✅ Correct Answer: B) It would swell and possibly burst
,4. Which of the following enzymes is responsible for unzipping the DNA double
helix during replication?
A) DNA polymerase
B) Ligase
C) Helicase
D) Primase
Solution:
Helicase unwinds and separates the DNA strands to initiate replication.
✅ Correct Answer: C) Helicase
5. During photosynthesis, the light-dependent reactions occur in the:
A) Cytoplasm
B) Stroma
C) Thylakoid membranes
D) Mitochondria
Solution:
Light-dependent reactions take place in the thylakoid membranes, where light energy is
converted into ATP and NADPH.
✅ Correct Answer: C) Thylakoid membranes
6. What is the expected phenotypic ratio of a dihybrid cross (AaBb × AaBb)
under Mendelian inheritance?
A) 9:3:3:1
B) 3:1
C) 1:2:1
D) 1:1
Solution:
A dihybrid cross between two heterozygous parents follows a 9:3:3:1 ratio for dominant and
recessive traits.
✅ Correct Answer: A) 9:3:3:1
7. What is the role of tRNA in translation?
,A) It carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome
B) It catalyzes peptide bond formation
C) It carries amino acids to the ribosome
D) It synthesizes mRNA
Solution:
tRNA transports specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.
✅ Correct Answer: C) It carries amino acids to the ribosome
8. Which hormone regulates blood sugar levels by promoting glucose uptake into
cells?
A) Glucagon
B) Insulin
C) Cortisol
D) Adrenaline
Solution:
Insulin lowers blood sugar by stimulating glucose uptake into cells.
✅ Correct Answer: B) Insulin
9. A mutation that changes a single nucleotide but does not affect the amino acid
sequence is called:
A) Missense mutation
B) Nonsense mutation
C) Silent mutation
D) Frameshift mutation
Solution:
A silent mutation does not alter the amino acid sequence due to the redundancy of the genetic
code.
✅ Correct Answer: C) Silent mutation
10. Which type of muscle is involuntary and striated?
A) Skeletal muscle
B) Smooth muscle
, C) Cardiac muscle
D) Connective tissue
Solution:
Cardiac muscle is both involuntary (like smooth muscle) and striated (like skeletal muscle).
✅ Correct Answer: C) Cardiac muscle
11. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of enzymes?
A) They speed up reactions by lowering activation energy
B) They are consumed in the reaction
C) They are specific to substrates
D) Their activity can be affected by pH and temperature
Solution:
Enzymes are not consumed in reactions—they can be reused.
✅ Correct Answer: B) They are consumed in the reaction
12. What is the main function of ribosomes?
A) DNA replication
B) Protein synthesis
C) Lipid metabolism
D) Energy production
Solution:
Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
✅ Correct Answer: B) Protein synthesis
13. In which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate?
A) Prophase
B) Metaphase
C) Anaphase
D) Telophase
Solution:
During anaphase, sister chromatids are pulled apart toward opposite poles.
✅ Correct Answer: C) Anaphase
14. Which macromolecule stores genetic information?
