CERTIFIED SPECIALIST IN PEDIATRICS
EXAM Questions and Answers ALREADY
GRADED A+ Latest 2025
Starting at 4 months of age, infants who are
exclusively/partially breastfed should be supplemented with
. - ANSWER1 mg/kg/day oral Iron
Fluoride supplementation - ANSWERExclusively breastfed
>6mo Tap water <0.3ppm
Tri-Vi-Sol infant drops - ANSWERVitamin A, Vitamin C,
Vitamin D
Tri-Vi-Sol with iron - ANSWERVitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin D,
Iron 10mg Fer-In-Sol (drops) - ANSWER15mg iron
D-VI-SOL - ANSWER400 IUs cholecalciferol
At 6 months of age, should be offered to both FT
breastfed & formula fed infants. If intake of those are
determined to be insufficient, need to supplement per day. -
ANSWERIron containing complementary foods (iron fortified
cereal or meats); 1mg/kg/d elemental iron.
is recommended for for low BW and preterm infants after 2
weeks of life who are receiving human milk. Recommended
dose is
. - ANSWERIron supplementation; 2- 4 mg/kg/day
,Standard and premie formulas provide iron when intake
provides
kcal/kg/day - ANSWER2mg/kg/day; 120kcal/kg/day
AAP recommends IUs ( mcg) of vitamin D within first
few days of life for infants on breastmilk. For formula fed
infants, those taking less than
mL per day ( oz) should also be supplemented. -
ANSWER400 IUs (10mcg); 1000mL (33oz)
Powdered formula can be contaminated with , which
poses risk for neonates/immunocomprimised/premature
babies. Need to use sterile water to reconstitute in hospital. -
ANSWERCronobacter (Enterobacter sakazakii)
For formula preperation, boil water for no more than ; any
more can cause
- ANSWER1min; concentration of minerals
Liquid concetrate formula is typically kcal/oz -
ANSWER40kcal/oz EN is preferred of PN due to (3): -
ANSWERdec risk of infection & dec hosp stay
preserves gut barrier function/GI mucosal integrity/mucosal
immunologic functions cost significantly less than PN
Hang time for prepared formulas should be or less. -
ANSWER4 hours Indications for BOLUS type feedings (3): -
ANSWERDysphagia
Anorexia
Supplement oral intake
Advantages for BOLUS type feedings (4): -
ANSWERPhysiologic method of feeding increased patient
,mobility
May not require pump Flexible feeding schedule
Disadvantages of BOLUS type feedings (2): - ANSWERMay
increase risk for aspiration Poorly tolerated in patients with
volume intolerance such as GER or delayed gastric emptying
Indications for CONTINUOUS type feedings (3): -
ANSWERDelayed Gastric emptying Increased risk of
aspiration
Patients with limited absorptive area
Advantages of CONTINUOUS type feedings (3): -
ANSWERPreferred method for small bowel feedings
Slow infusion may improve tolerance
May be given nocturnally to lessen interruption of daytime
schedule and oral intake
Disadvantages of CONTINUOUS type feedings (2): -
ANSWERRequires a pump (mobile ones are available now)
Patient is attached to pump for duration of feeding
OG/NG tube feed indications (5): - ANSWERshort term
nutrition inadequate oral intake due to increased
needs/anorexia of chronic Disease refusal to eat
nocturnal feeds
inability to suck/swallow (infant)
OG/NG tube feed complications (6): - ANSWERAspiration
Nasal mucosal ulceration
Tube occlusion Pneumothorax Bleeding
, Epistaxis (acute hemorrhage from the nostril, nasal cavity, or
nasopharynx)
PEG Definition - ANSWERnonsurgical placement of tube
directly into the stomach through the abdominal wall using an
endoscope and local anesthesia
Surgical Gastrostomy (G-Tube) definition -
ANSWERPlacement of a tube into the stomach through
abdominal wall under anesthesia.
PEG/Gtube indications (4): - ANSWERLong term tube feeding
Congenital abnormalities (such as tracheo-esophageal
fistula/esophageal atresia) Esophageal injury/obstruction
FTT
PEG/Gtube complications (8): - ANSWERDislodgement
Aspiration
Tube deterioration Bleeding
Tube occlusion
Pneumoperitoneum - pneumatosis (abnormal presence of air
or other gas) in the peritoneal cavity
Wound infection Stomal leakage
Indications for Small Bowel feeding (5): - ANSWERCongenital
Upper GI anomalies Gastric Dysmotility
High risk of aspiration Severe GER
Functioning intestinal tract with distal obstruction
Small Bowel feeding complications (9): -
ANSWERPneumatosis intestinalis (pneumatosis of an
intestine, that is, gas cysts in the bowel wall) Dislodgement
EXAM Questions and Answers ALREADY
GRADED A+ Latest 2025
Starting at 4 months of age, infants who are
exclusively/partially breastfed should be supplemented with
. - ANSWER1 mg/kg/day oral Iron
Fluoride supplementation - ANSWERExclusively breastfed
>6mo Tap water <0.3ppm
Tri-Vi-Sol infant drops - ANSWERVitamin A, Vitamin C,
Vitamin D
Tri-Vi-Sol with iron - ANSWERVitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin D,
Iron 10mg Fer-In-Sol (drops) - ANSWER15mg iron
D-VI-SOL - ANSWER400 IUs cholecalciferol
At 6 months of age, should be offered to both FT
breastfed & formula fed infants. If intake of those are
determined to be insufficient, need to supplement per day. -
ANSWERIron containing complementary foods (iron fortified
cereal or meats); 1mg/kg/d elemental iron.
is recommended for for low BW and preterm infants after 2
weeks of life who are receiving human milk. Recommended
dose is
. - ANSWERIron supplementation; 2- 4 mg/kg/day
,Standard and premie formulas provide iron when intake
provides
kcal/kg/day - ANSWER2mg/kg/day; 120kcal/kg/day
AAP recommends IUs ( mcg) of vitamin D within first
few days of life for infants on breastmilk. For formula fed
infants, those taking less than
mL per day ( oz) should also be supplemented. -
ANSWER400 IUs (10mcg); 1000mL (33oz)
Powdered formula can be contaminated with , which
poses risk for neonates/immunocomprimised/premature
babies. Need to use sterile water to reconstitute in hospital. -
ANSWERCronobacter (Enterobacter sakazakii)
For formula preperation, boil water for no more than ; any
more can cause
- ANSWER1min; concentration of minerals
Liquid concetrate formula is typically kcal/oz -
ANSWER40kcal/oz EN is preferred of PN due to (3): -
ANSWERdec risk of infection & dec hosp stay
preserves gut barrier function/GI mucosal integrity/mucosal
immunologic functions cost significantly less than PN
Hang time for prepared formulas should be or less. -
ANSWER4 hours Indications for BOLUS type feedings (3): -
ANSWERDysphagia
Anorexia
Supplement oral intake
Advantages for BOLUS type feedings (4): -
ANSWERPhysiologic method of feeding increased patient
,mobility
May not require pump Flexible feeding schedule
Disadvantages of BOLUS type feedings (2): - ANSWERMay
increase risk for aspiration Poorly tolerated in patients with
volume intolerance such as GER or delayed gastric emptying
Indications for CONTINUOUS type feedings (3): -
ANSWERDelayed Gastric emptying Increased risk of
aspiration
Patients with limited absorptive area
Advantages of CONTINUOUS type feedings (3): -
ANSWERPreferred method for small bowel feedings
Slow infusion may improve tolerance
May be given nocturnally to lessen interruption of daytime
schedule and oral intake
Disadvantages of CONTINUOUS type feedings (2): -
ANSWERRequires a pump (mobile ones are available now)
Patient is attached to pump for duration of feeding
OG/NG tube feed indications (5): - ANSWERshort term
nutrition inadequate oral intake due to increased
needs/anorexia of chronic Disease refusal to eat
nocturnal feeds
inability to suck/swallow (infant)
OG/NG tube feed complications (6): - ANSWERAspiration
Nasal mucosal ulceration
Tube occlusion Pneumothorax Bleeding
, Epistaxis (acute hemorrhage from the nostril, nasal cavity, or
nasopharynx)
PEG Definition - ANSWERnonsurgical placement of tube
directly into the stomach through the abdominal wall using an
endoscope and local anesthesia
Surgical Gastrostomy (G-Tube) definition -
ANSWERPlacement of a tube into the stomach through
abdominal wall under anesthesia.
PEG/Gtube indications (4): - ANSWERLong term tube feeding
Congenital abnormalities (such as tracheo-esophageal
fistula/esophageal atresia) Esophageal injury/obstruction
FTT
PEG/Gtube complications (8): - ANSWERDislodgement
Aspiration
Tube deterioration Bleeding
Tube occlusion
Pneumoperitoneum - pneumatosis (abnormal presence of air
or other gas) in the peritoneal cavity
Wound infection Stomal leakage
Indications for Small Bowel feeding (5): - ANSWERCongenital
Upper GI anomalies Gastric Dysmotility
High risk of aspiration Severe GER
Functioning intestinal tract with distal obstruction
Small Bowel feeding complications (9): -
ANSWERPneumatosis intestinalis (pneumatosis of an
intestine, that is, gas cysts in the bowel wall) Dislodgement
