March 25
NRSG265 MEDICAL Exam Complete Questions and Correct
Detailed Answers (Verified Answers)
How does the body regulate BGL for hyperglycemia?
Ans: Pancreatic B cells release insulin
Stimulates glucose uptake
How does the body regulate BGL for hypoglycemia?
Ans: Pancreatic a cells release glucagon
Stimulates release of glucose
Ideal BGL range
Ans: 4-6mmol/L
Which organ produces insulin?
Ans: Pancreas
Which organ breaks down stored glycogen?
Ans: Liver breaks down stored glycogen and converts to glucose
What is type 1 diabetes?
Ans: autoimmune destruction of beta cells
pg. 1
, March 25
Patho of type 1 diabetes
Ans: Immune response destroys beta cells
Lack of insulin released
GLUT-4s not activated
No glucose uptake
Liver continues releasing glucose
Causes hyperglycaemia
Early Signs and symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes
Ans: polydipisa, polyuria, polyphagia, fatigue
Later signs and symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes
Ans: Ketotic breath (metallic taste)
Metabolic acidosis (pH lower than 7.35)
MoA Insulin
Ans: stores glucose in muscles and liver
inhibits glucose production
stimulates protein synthesis
stores glucose in adipose tissue
allows glucose uptake in cells for ATP production
pg. 2
, March 25
Name one rapid acting insulin drug
Ans: Novolog
Name one short acting insulin drug
Ans: Actrapid
Most common insulin for T1 diabetics
Ans: actrapid
Most common insulin for T2 diabetics
Ans: metformin
What is diabetic ketoacidosis?
Ans: build up of glucose in blood due to lack of insulin
Lab markers of DKA
Ans: BGL over 11mmol/L
Ketones in blood and urine
pH less than 7.35, HCO5 less than 15mmol/L
High serum osmolality
Early signs and symptoms of DKA
pg. 3
, March 25
Ans: polydipsia, polyuria, fruity breath
Management of DKA (3 steps)
Ans: 1. Fluid resuscitation for 24-72 hours (cerebral oedema risk)
2. Reverse ketosis - insulin infusion
3. Acid base and electrolyte corrections -
What is Type 2 Diabetes?
Ans: insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency
patho of type 2 diabetes
Ans: insulin resistance at cell
reduction in number of insulin binding sites
less insulin binding
impaired glucose uptake
Treatment of Type 2 diabetes
Ans: Diet
Exercise
Monitoring BGL
Insulin
Prevention
pg. 4
NRSG265 MEDICAL Exam Complete Questions and Correct
Detailed Answers (Verified Answers)
How does the body regulate BGL for hyperglycemia?
Ans: Pancreatic B cells release insulin
Stimulates glucose uptake
How does the body regulate BGL for hypoglycemia?
Ans: Pancreatic a cells release glucagon
Stimulates release of glucose
Ideal BGL range
Ans: 4-6mmol/L
Which organ produces insulin?
Ans: Pancreas
Which organ breaks down stored glycogen?
Ans: Liver breaks down stored glycogen and converts to glucose
What is type 1 diabetes?
Ans: autoimmune destruction of beta cells
pg. 1
, March 25
Patho of type 1 diabetes
Ans: Immune response destroys beta cells
Lack of insulin released
GLUT-4s not activated
No glucose uptake
Liver continues releasing glucose
Causes hyperglycaemia
Early Signs and symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes
Ans: polydipisa, polyuria, polyphagia, fatigue
Later signs and symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes
Ans: Ketotic breath (metallic taste)
Metabolic acidosis (pH lower than 7.35)
MoA Insulin
Ans: stores glucose in muscles and liver
inhibits glucose production
stimulates protein synthesis
stores glucose in adipose tissue
allows glucose uptake in cells for ATP production
pg. 2
, March 25
Name one rapid acting insulin drug
Ans: Novolog
Name one short acting insulin drug
Ans: Actrapid
Most common insulin for T1 diabetics
Ans: actrapid
Most common insulin for T2 diabetics
Ans: metformin
What is diabetic ketoacidosis?
Ans: build up of glucose in blood due to lack of insulin
Lab markers of DKA
Ans: BGL over 11mmol/L
Ketones in blood and urine
pH less than 7.35, HCO5 less than 15mmol/L
High serum osmolality
Early signs and symptoms of DKA
pg. 3
, March 25
Ans: polydipsia, polyuria, fruity breath
Management of DKA (3 steps)
Ans: 1. Fluid resuscitation for 24-72 hours (cerebral oedema risk)
2. Reverse ketosis - insulin infusion
3. Acid base and electrolyte corrections -
What is Type 2 Diabetes?
Ans: insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency
patho of type 2 diabetes
Ans: insulin resistance at cell
reduction in number of insulin binding sites
less insulin binding
impaired glucose uptake
Treatment of Type 2 diabetes
Ans: Diet
Exercise
Monitoring BGL
Insulin
Prevention
pg. 4
