GEOG 101 NEWEST COMPLETE
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
SOLUTIONS UPDATED 2025/2026
ALREADY GRADED!!!
1) Utisols - ANSWER ✓ Mineral soils in subtropical environments that formed
through laterization and thus are depleted of calcium and have argillic
horizon.
2) Vertisols - ANSWER ✓ Soils that contain an abundance if expandable clay
and thus sell and shrink during wet and dry cycles, respectively.
3) Alfisols - ANSWER ✓ Soils generally found in seasonal midlatitude regions
that formed through podzolization and have an alkaline argillic horizon.
4) Podzolization - ANSWER ✓ A regional soil-forming process in cool, humid
environements that results in the eluviation of iron, aluminum, and organic
acids to form well-developed E and B horizons.
5) Albic horizon - ANSWER ✓ A diagnostic horizon of podzolization from
which clay and free iron oxides have been removed, resulting in a light-
colored E horizon.
6) Spodic horizon - ANSWER ✓ A mineral soil horizon characterized by the
illuvial accumulation of aluminum, iron and organic carbon.
7) Spodosols - ANSWER ✓ Soils in cool, humid regions that form through
podzolization and contain a spodic horizon enriched in eluvited iron,
aluminum, and organic carbon.
8) Histosols - ANSWER ✓ Organic soils that form in cool, wet environments
where organic carbon decomposes very quickly.
9) Gelisols - ANSWER ✓ Soils in subarctic and arctic environments that
contain permafrost within 2 meters of the surface.
, 10) Mollisols - ANSWER ✓ Soils that form through calcification and
have a mollic epipedon that overlies mineral matter that is more than 50%
saturated with base ions.
11) Calcification - ANSWER ✓ A regional soil-forming process in which
calcium carbonate is cycled within the soil.
12) Calcic horizon - ANSWER ✓ A diagnostic soil horizon of
calcification that is enriched in illuviated calcium carbonate.
13) Aridisols - ANSWER ✓ Mineral soils that form in arid environments
and thus are poorly developed.
14) Salinization - ANSWER ✓ A regional soil-forming process in which
soluble salts are cycled within the soil.
15) Salic horizon - ANSWER ✓ The diagnostic horizon of salinization
that forms due to the recrystallization of secondary salts.
16) Entisols - ANSWER ✓ Soils that are very weakly developed and thus
have no distinct horizonation.
17) Inceptisols - ANSWER ✓ Soils that have one or more weakly
developed horizons due to some alteration and removal of soluble minerals.
18) Andisols - ANSWER ✓ Soils formed in parent material that is at least
50% volcanic ash.
19) Hygroscopic water - ANSWER ✓ Soil water held so tightly by
sediment grains that it is unavailable for plant use.
20) Field capacity - ANSWER ✓ The amount of water remaining in the
soil after the soil is completely drained of gravitational water
21) Unsaturated zone - ANSWER ✓ The area between the soil water belt
and the water table where the pore spaces are not saturated with water.
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
SOLUTIONS UPDATED 2025/2026
ALREADY GRADED!!!
1) Utisols - ANSWER ✓ Mineral soils in subtropical environments that formed
through laterization and thus are depleted of calcium and have argillic
horizon.
2) Vertisols - ANSWER ✓ Soils that contain an abundance if expandable clay
and thus sell and shrink during wet and dry cycles, respectively.
3) Alfisols - ANSWER ✓ Soils generally found in seasonal midlatitude regions
that formed through podzolization and have an alkaline argillic horizon.
4) Podzolization - ANSWER ✓ A regional soil-forming process in cool, humid
environements that results in the eluviation of iron, aluminum, and organic
acids to form well-developed E and B horizons.
5) Albic horizon - ANSWER ✓ A diagnostic horizon of podzolization from
which clay and free iron oxides have been removed, resulting in a light-
colored E horizon.
6) Spodic horizon - ANSWER ✓ A mineral soil horizon characterized by the
illuvial accumulation of aluminum, iron and organic carbon.
7) Spodosols - ANSWER ✓ Soils in cool, humid regions that form through
podzolization and contain a spodic horizon enriched in eluvited iron,
aluminum, and organic carbon.
8) Histosols - ANSWER ✓ Organic soils that form in cool, wet environments
where organic carbon decomposes very quickly.
9) Gelisols - ANSWER ✓ Soils in subarctic and arctic environments that
contain permafrost within 2 meters of the surface.
, 10) Mollisols - ANSWER ✓ Soils that form through calcification and
have a mollic epipedon that overlies mineral matter that is more than 50%
saturated with base ions.
11) Calcification - ANSWER ✓ A regional soil-forming process in which
calcium carbonate is cycled within the soil.
12) Calcic horizon - ANSWER ✓ A diagnostic soil horizon of
calcification that is enriched in illuviated calcium carbonate.
13) Aridisols - ANSWER ✓ Mineral soils that form in arid environments
and thus are poorly developed.
14) Salinization - ANSWER ✓ A regional soil-forming process in which
soluble salts are cycled within the soil.
15) Salic horizon - ANSWER ✓ The diagnostic horizon of salinization
that forms due to the recrystallization of secondary salts.
16) Entisols - ANSWER ✓ Soils that are very weakly developed and thus
have no distinct horizonation.
17) Inceptisols - ANSWER ✓ Soils that have one or more weakly
developed horizons due to some alteration and removal of soluble minerals.
18) Andisols - ANSWER ✓ Soils formed in parent material that is at least
50% volcanic ash.
19) Hygroscopic water - ANSWER ✓ Soil water held so tightly by
sediment grains that it is unavailable for plant use.
20) Field capacity - ANSWER ✓ The amount of water remaining in the
soil after the soil is completely drained of gravitational water
21) Unsaturated zone - ANSWER ✓ The area between the soil water belt
and the water table where the pore spaces are not saturated with water.
