CRIMINOLOGY UNIT 2 AC 2025
4.1 INFORMING POLICY
DEVELOPMENT
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION
QUESTION 1
Asses the use of genetic theories in informing policy development - ANSWERS-
There is research supporting the effectiveness of this theory by Osborn and West in
the 1970s who found 40% of boys whose fathers had criminal records had records
themselves compared to 12% whose fathers who didn't have a criminal record. On
the other hand these policies were racist and oppressive of certain groups as well as
the subjective use of the term 'desirable' The supporting evidence is also limited
since it shows only correlation, not causation meaning other variables may be
involved.
QUESTION 2
Psychoanalysis
Informal and crime control policy - ANSWERS-It is based on Freud's
psychodynamic theory, this highlights the unconscious conflicts between the id and
superego. Psychoanalysis believes a weak superego is the cause of criminality due
to inadequate early socialisation.
-Patient lies on couch facing away from analyst and verbalises thoughts through
free association (anything_ and dream analysis
END OF
PAGE 1
, CRIMINOLOGY UNIT 2 AC 2025
4.1 INFORMING POLICY
DEVELOPMENT
-it attempts to uncover unconscious, repressed thoughts that are thought to be the
cause of criminality
-assumes psychological problem occurred during development/trauma are locked
in unconscious mind
-treatment can last for years and once issues are dealt with they will no longer
impact them/cause criminal behaviour.
QUESTION 3
Research/someone who applied psychoanalysis- - ANSWERS-Aichhorn applied
psychoanalytic ideas to policies for treating young offenders, because they had
uncaring parents and were not socialised. Instead of a harsh environment Aichhorn
treated the young offenders as children providing a pleasant environment.
QUESTION 4
Assess the effectiveness of psychoanalysis - ANSWERS-Psychoanalysis does not
seem effective since Eysenck found only 44% of psychoanalysis patients treated
for neurosis shows improvement compared to 72% treated by hospitals and GPs,
therefore is psychoanalysis doesn't work for neurosis it is unlikely to work as a
form of crime control. It is also costly and time consuming since treatment can last
for years and therefore it wouldn't be effective for a large scale amount of
criminals.
END OF
PAGE 2
4.1 INFORMING POLICY
DEVELOPMENT
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION
QUESTION 1
Asses the use of genetic theories in informing policy development - ANSWERS-
There is research supporting the effectiveness of this theory by Osborn and West in
the 1970s who found 40% of boys whose fathers had criminal records had records
themselves compared to 12% whose fathers who didn't have a criminal record. On
the other hand these policies were racist and oppressive of certain groups as well as
the subjective use of the term 'desirable' The supporting evidence is also limited
since it shows only correlation, not causation meaning other variables may be
involved.
QUESTION 2
Psychoanalysis
Informal and crime control policy - ANSWERS-It is based on Freud's
psychodynamic theory, this highlights the unconscious conflicts between the id and
superego. Psychoanalysis believes a weak superego is the cause of criminality due
to inadequate early socialisation.
-Patient lies on couch facing away from analyst and verbalises thoughts through
free association (anything_ and dream analysis
END OF
PAGE 1
, CRIMINOLOGY UNIT 2 AC 2025
4.1 INFORMING POLICY
DEVELOPMENT
-it attempts to uncover unconscious, repressed thoughts that are thought to be the
cause of criminality
-assumes psychological problem occurred during development/trauma are locked
in unconscious mind
-treatment can last for years and once issues are dealt with they will no longer
impact them/cause criminal behaviour.
QUESTION 3
Research/someone who applied psychoanalysis- - ANSWERS-Aichhorn applied
psychoanalytic ideas to policies for treating young offenders, because they had
uncaring parents and were not socialised. Instead of a harsh environment Aichhorn
treated the young offenders as children providing a pleasant environment.
QUESTION 4
Assess the effectiveness of psychoanalysis - ANSWERS-Psychoanalysis does not
seem effective since Eysenck found only 44% of psychoanalysis patients treated
for neurosis shows improvement compared to 72% treated by hospitals and GPs,
therefore is psychoanalysis doesn't work for neurosis it is unlikely to work as a
form of crime control. It is also costly and time consuming since treatment can last
for years and therefore it wouldn't be effective for a large scale amount of
criminals.
END OF
PAGE 2
